题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The ancient supercontinent was made up of present-day Africa, Australia, Antarctica and parts of Asia. If that’s the case, the island species would need to be very old. Using “molecular (分子) clock” analysis of living iguanas’ DNA, Noonan and Sites found that, sure enough, the lineage of iguanas has been around for more than 60 million years—easily old enough to have been in the area when the islands were still connected by land bridges to Asia or Australia.
Fossils (化石) uncovered in Mongolia suggest that iguanid ancestors did once live in Asia. Though there’s currently no fossil evidence of iguanas in Australia, that doesn’t necessarily mean they were never there. “The fossil record of this continent is surprisingly poor and cannot be taken as evidence of true absence,” the authors write.
So if the iguanas simply walked to Fiji and Tonga from Asia or possibly Australia, why are they not also found on the rest of the Pacific islands? Noonan and Sites say fossil evidence suggests that iguana species did once inhabit other islands, but went extinct right around the time when humans settled in those islands. But Fiji and Tonga have a much shorter history of human presence, which may have helped the iguanas living there to escape extinction.
The researchers say that their study can’t completely rule out the rafting theory, but it does make the land bridge theory “far more reasonable than previously thought.”
小题1: What did some scientists previously believe about the iguanas?
A.They were once discovered in America. |
B.They traveled by raft to Fiji and Tonga. |
C.They could survive in poor living conditions. |
D.They moved to Fiji and Tonga from Australia. |
A.the land of the world was a supercontinent |
B.Fiji and Tonga were connected to Asia or Australia |
C.Africa, Australia and America were a continent |
D.iguanas walked to Fiji and Tonga from Africa |
A.conditions in which creatures can survive |
B.the change in ancient plants and animals. |
C.the line of generations of an ancestor |
D.the habitat of a type of an ancient animal |
A.The life span of animals living on the ancient supercontinent. |
B.The two islands being home to several iguana species in the Pacific region. |
C.The fossil evidence suggesting iguanas’ ancestors’ swimming to Fiji and Tonga |
D.By raft or by land — how did iguanas reach the tiny Pacific islands? |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
小题1:B
【试题解析】细节题。根据第一段2,3,4行Some scientists used to suppose that they must have traveled there on a raft, a journey of around 5,000 miles from South America to the islands.可知以前科学家认为蜥蜴是通过筏子等工具到达斐济和汤加的。故B正确。
小题2:B
【试题解析】推理题。根据第二段最后2行more than 60 million years—easily old enough to have been in the area when the islands were still connected by land bridges to Asia or Australia.可知他们认为在6千万年前,蜥蜴居住的地方通过大陆桥和亚洲,澳大利亚是连接在一起的。故B正确。
小题3:C
【试题解析】推理题。根据本句Noonan and Sites found that, sure enough, the lineage of iguanas has been around for more than 60 million years—easily old enough to have been in the area when the islands were still connected by land bridges to Asia or Australia.可知他们认为蜥蜴从6千万年前一直存在了,就生存在通过大陆桥和亚洲或者澳大利亚相连接的地方。所以the lineage 指C项某一个动物的祖先的血统。故C正确。
小题4:D
【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了lizards在世界上很多地方都可以找到。尤其是在一些与世隔绝的太平洋里的岛屿之上。文章中对于这个现象进行了研究,分析了多种可能性。故D正确。
【长难句解析】
Scientists have long puzzled over how iguanas, a group of lizards(蜥蜴) mostly found in the Americas, came to live in the isolated Pacific islands of Fiji and Tonga.
【翻译】很久以来科学家一直都很困惑一种通常在美洲被发现的蜥蜴如何来到与世隔绝的太平洋上的斐济和汤加岛上生活。
【分析】本句中介词over的后面含有一个宾语从句how iguanas, a group of lizards(蜥蜴) mostly found in the Americas, came to live in the isolated Pacific islands of Fiji and Tonga.这个宾语从句里有一个过去分词短语mostly found in the Americas用来修饰前面的名词iguanas, a group of lizards。
核心考点
试题【Scientists have long puzzled over how iguanas, a group of lizards(蜥蜴) mostly fou】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
I tried to read it. I adored reading, and would dive into a new pile of books from the library all at once. But something about Hans Brinker just wouldn’t let me in. The story was set in Holland, a long time ago. It felt dull and unfamiliar—even though I was a fan of classics of other times and places. I simply read the first pages over and over. I could not progress.
Standing on a bookshelf in our living room, the book was like something I avoided. It scolded me for not being interested, for not trying hard enough, for disappointing my grandmother.
The book started to fit in, almost forgotten, until Adele asked. Had I read it? Did I like it? Always determined, she wanted to know the answer. I would make some kind of excuse, feel bad, and open it again, hoping for a new reaction. The book weighed on me.
Years passed and finally Adele and I both accepted that I would never read Hans Brinker. Eventually I cleared the book from the shelf. The Hans Brinker experience led me to set a rule that I’ve lived by ever since: Do not ask about a book given as a gift. Don’t ask, despite your desire to discuss it to grow closer. The desire for such connection is what gives book-giving with special meaning—and increases the owner’s possibility to be a letdown.
Guilt is basically the same as for all gifts, though. If the giver doesn’t have the pleasure of seeing or hearing about the gift being enjoyed, and asks whether it is, then the owner—unless she can truthfully say “yes”—either has to admit to not liking the present, or else lie on the spot. Neither is pleasant. So, don’t ask.
小题1: When the author was a kid, his grandmother ________.
A.took him to travel around the world a lot |
B.loved to take him to museums and stores |
C.shared her childhood stories with him |
D.gave him many gifts |
A.Boring. | B.Interesting. | C.Puzzling. | D.Disappointing. |
A.the book is too heavy for the author to carry |
B.the author feels stressful facing the book |
C.the book is full of powerful viewpoints |
D.the author keeps reading the book |
A.give others books as gifts |
B.lie to people who give you gifts |
C.get close to others through gifts |
D.talk about the books given as gifts |
A University of Michigan team say people are twice as likely to pull out their phones to check their messages or emails if they’re with someone who has just done the same.It also found that females were more likely to use their mobile than men because it was more ‘consistent’ with the daily lives of women.
The team watched students in dining halls and coffee shops around campus,observing pairs of students sitting at tables for as long as 20 minutes and recorded their cellphone use at 1 0-second intervals.
“What we found most interesting was just how often people were using their mobile phones,” Dr Daniel Kruger, the study’s co-author, said.“Every person we observed used his/her phone at least once while one woman was on hers about half of the time.You may see others checking their incoming messages and be encouraged to check your own.’’
Overall,the students used their cellphones in an average of 24 percent,the researchers found.But they were significantly more likely to use their phones(39.5 percent)when their companion had just done so in the previous 10-second interval than without the social clue,the researchers said,adding that this behavior was often repeated.
Cell phones create an alternative way for one’s attention and may both promote and interrupt ongoing social activities,the researchers wrote.
Kruger believes this pattern could be related to the effects of social acceptance and rejection.If one person in a pair engages in another conversation through their phone,his or her companion may feel rejected.That companion then might be forced to connect with others from outside so as not to feel left out.
小题1:People’s strong desire to check their messages partly results from ___________.
A.the modern substitute of their watches |
B.the new messages of their handsets |
C.the same behavior of other people |
D.the update service of Facebook |
A.They want to show off their modern mobiles. |
B.They are more likely to be influenced by others. |
C.They try to set a good example for others. |
D.They desire to meet the demands of society. |
A.Relaxed. | B.Ashamed. |
C.Surprised. | D.Ignored. |
A.using the cellphones | B.receiving social clues |
C.joining in activities | D.engaging in conversations |
A.Social Acceptance And Rejection |
B.Females Use Mobiles More than Men |
C.How Do People Check Messages? |
D.Cellphone Use Is Spreading |
After looking at his chart, I saw that he was seeking treatment for alcoholism. There is an immediate prejudice against substance abuse in my E. R. One -we do not have a detox(戒酒) facility.The people seeking treatment for addiction are sometimes looked down on as being less worthy of treatment than other serious physical " ailments" .
At first glance, I found out that the man was now somewhere in his mid-thirties, was very weak and had a generally aggressive character. He could not sit still and had a cough. He had not had a drink in four days. His hands were shaking and there was a scared look in his eyes.
He told me that he began drinking about age 11 when his mother supplied him with it. He had tried to quit many times before but had not been able to." So . what"s different this time ?"I asked.
"Because I"m starting to be mean to the people I love, but now I don"t want to be. I ca:n see that I"m changing into something else. "
That answer helped change my attitude toward him. I could see the pain behind his eyes. Behind the appearance, there was a terrified person whose goodness was being claimed by the alcohol. He was desperate for help, but not so sure that his condition could be changed.
I, thank this man for showing me that the goodness is dressed in all sorts of disguises(伪装) . Sometimes we have to undress it. It"s worth doing. My patient was admitted to the hospital for help ,despite us not having a detox facility.
小题1: What does the underlined word " ailments" me
A. build | B. energy | C.illness | D. ability |
A.20 years | B. 11 years | C. Over 30 years | D. Over 20 years |
A.The patient was refused mainly for the hospital"s lack of equipment |
B.The patient once didn"t want to treat the people he loved kindly |
C.The patient was strong and brave at first glance |
D.The patient once succeeded in giving up drinking alcohol |
A.Where there is a will, there"s a way. |
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed. |
C. Never judge a book by its cover. |
D.Good is rewarded with good. |
I am among the l0 percent of people in the US that regularly work from home. You could include Obama among them, although I suspect his working area in the White House is better-equipped than my small space on to the back of the garage. He also probably doesn"t have a problem with three little kids interrupting his phone calls or bursting into his office at inappropriate moments.
Every day there they are, knocking on my window and peering inside, as if looking at an animal in a zoo. Once, a telephone interview I was doing with the former California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger was interrupted by my older son, then three years old, and completely naked "Ahaaar!" he shouted to my face. "What was that?" said Schwarzenegger. I stammered(结巴地说出) something about the joys of children and silently managed to shoo the boy out of the room without putting down the phone.
I shouldn"t complain. I no longer have to stand having someone"s armpit(腋窝) being pressed into my face on a crowded train and home status means ! should be a more productive worker although working from home could also lead to "avoiding duties from home". I would argue that a bigger problem is going nuts: Staring at the same walls every day and not going anywhere can do strange things to a person.
I realized I had to get out of the house at least once a day to avoid turning into an unshaven and unshoweredrecluse(隐士) who was still in his pyjamas at dinner time. I would work for an hour or so in a local coffee shop but, like most routine, this became boring because I would constantly see the same faces: Screenwriters poring over screenplays, elderly women heading to the yoga studio next door and hordes of overweight middle-aged male cycling by.
And yet here I am several years later, still working from home consciously and, I"m happy to report, not sitting at my desk in my pyjamas. Not since last Tuesday, anyway.
小题1:The author may agree that __
A.it"s a bad decision to work from home |
B.presidential visits bring inconvenience to the locals |
C.if a person wants to be more productive, he must work from home |
D.the former California governor was angry at the interruption during the interview |
A.working from home has some drawbacks |
B.working from home is a pleasant experience |
C.Barack Obama has better working conditions than the author |
D.it"s unfortunate for the author to have a naughty boy |
A.he wants to get familiar with the people around |
B.he doesn"t like working in his pyjamas at home |
C.he becomes bored with being a commuter |
D.he needs some changes to get relaxation |
A.the author has to work from home |
B.any routine definitely means boredom |
C.the author is a humorous person |
D.working from home contributes to avoiding duties |
When things don’t turn out as we would like them to, we tend to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course, for example, keeping mother at home, would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
There seem to be elements involved in our readiness to feel guilty. The first lies in our belief that the world makes sense——there is a reason for everything that happens.
The second is the thought that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and calls the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely abandon that childish thought that our wishes cause things to happen.
小题1: What is true about the two deceased elderly women?
A.They died from accidents. |
B.They both died of old age. |
C.They died due to lack of care by family members. |
D.They weren’t accustomed to the change in life. |
A.they cannot find a better way to express their sorrow |
B.they don’t know that natural course of events |
C.they believe that it is their fault |
D.they don’t know things often turn out in the opposite direction |
A. everybody is at their command |
B. life and death is an unsolved mystery |
C. every story should have a happy ending |
D. their wishes are the cause of everything that happens |
A. Two sons blamed themselves for their mother"s death. |
B. Things don"t always go well as we expect. |
C. Two factors account for guilty sense. |
D.Baby"s wishes lead everything to happen. |
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