题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with people from around the world. This means that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Spelling and grammar became fixed and the dialect (方言)of London became the standard. In 1604, the first English dictionary was published.
The numbers of words in Early Modern English and Late Modern English differ. Late Modern English has a lot more words because of two main factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire covered one quarter of the earth’s surface, and the English language took in foreign words from many countries.
From around 1600, the English colonization(殖民地化)of North America resulted in the creation of American English. Some English pronunciation and words froze when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that the British call “ Americanisms” are in fact original (原先的)British expressions that were preserved (保存) in the colonies but were lost in Britain. Spanish also had an influence on American English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English. French words and West African words also influenced American English.
Today, American English is the most influential(有影响力的). But there are many other kinds of English around the world, including Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English , Indian English and Caribbean English. They have differences.
小题1:What can we know from Paragraph 1?
A.The dialect of London became the standard in the year 1604. |
B.Vowels were pronounced longer towards the end of Middle English |
C.The first English dictionary was published in the early 17th century. |
D.Many new words entered English because many people moved to Britain. |
A.required spelling and grammar to be fixed |
B.required a greater number of English words |
C.caused many old English words to be useless |
D.led to the English colonization of North America. |
A.became longer |
B.greatly changed |
C.a little changed |
D.stayed as they were |
A.The development of Modern English |
B.How the English vocabulary became larger |
C.Differences among the different kinds of English |
D.Differences between Middle English and Modern English |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:C
解析
试题分析:
小题1:.C 细节题。根据第一段最后一句In 1604, the first English dictionary was published.说明是在17世纪的时候才又了第一部字典。故C正确。
小题2:B 细节题。根据第二段, the Industrial Revolution created a need for new words说明工业革命需要很多的新单词,所以才会导致了如此多的新的单词的出现。故B正确。
小题3:D 推理题。根据第三段2,3,4行Some English pronunciation and words froze when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English. Some expressions that the British call “ Americanisms” are in fact original (原先的)British expressions that were preserved (保存) in the colonies but were lost in Britain.说明当英语来到这些殖民地的时候就不再变化了,反而是在英国本土的英语发生了变化,故该词指的是保持原样。故D说法正确。
小题4:C 推理题。文章这几段都是在解释几种不同的英语之间差异的原因,那么最有可能接下来讲述的是一些具体的不同之处。故C正确。
点评:本文着重讲述了在几个不同的国家的英语上存在着很大的差异,并分析了具体的原因。以推理题的考查为主,做题关键是找出原文的根据,认真核查题支和原文的异同,常犯错误有:绝对化语言,范围扩大或缩小,以偏概全,张冠李戴等。
核心考点
试题【 Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden change in pronunciation started, wi】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Once Pompeii was a busy city of 22,000 people. It lay at the foot of Mt Vesuvius, a grass-covered volcano. Mt Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe. But they were not. In August of the year 79 AD, Mt Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ashes began to fall on Pompeii. When the eruption ended two days later, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead.
For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stones and ashes. Then in the year 1861, an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly, carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city almost looked the same as it had looked in 79 AD. There were streets and fountains, houses and shops. There was a stadium with 20,000 seats. Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue color in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine. They liked bread too; metal bread pans were in every bakery. In one bakery there were 81 round, flat loaves of bread—a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today. Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eye-makeup.
Ginseppe has died, but his work continues. One-fourth has not been uncovered yet. Scientists are still digging, still making discoveries that draw the tourists to Pompeii.
小题1:Why do large number of people come to Pompeii each year?
A.To visit the volcano. | B.To shop and eat there. |
C.To watch sports and plays. | D.To see how Pompeiians lived. |
A.Because Ginseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully. |
B.Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched. |
C.Because scientists successfully rebuilt the city with everyday objects. |
D.Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted. |
A. They lived more or less the same as Italians now do.
B. They liked women wearing all kinds of makeup.
C. They enjoyed a lazy life with drinking and eating.
D. They went back to Pompeii after the eruption in 79 AD.
The first toothbrush was introduced in China in the late 1400s but it was only 300 years later that this simple tool came into common use in Europe. By the nineteenth century, a variety of paste and powder cleaners were available throughout Europe as dental(牙齿的) care became more widespread. The first tube of toothpaste hit the market in Great Britain in 1891.
There is evidence to show that the first contact lenses were actually suggested by an astronomer, Sir John Herschel, in 1827. However, SirJohn Herschel was never able to create a working model of his idea. It was not until 1887 that a Swiss doctor from Zurich, Dr. Eugen Frick, came up with a workable process for producing precision (精密)lenses. Dr. Frick designed a new method for producing contact lenses,and the Zeiss factory in Germany began to produce contact lenses.
Credit cards have also been available for many years. They have been in use in the United States since the 1920s. At first, these cards were only used to buy gas in the quickly growing automobile service industry. Then, in the 1950s, Diners Club introduced the first general-purpose credit card. Today, credit cards such as Master Card, Visa, and American Express are commonly used by travelers around the world.
While it may be true that some of the greatest inventions and discoveries in history came about by chance, the majority of inventions that simplify our lives today came about through careful research and patient study. Of course, it still holds true that even with all the comforts of modern technology, inventors continue to search for ways of helping all of us get out of doing those necessary but tedious (乏味的) tasks which we still face. As the old saying goes, “Necessity is the mother of invention.”
小题1:From the second paragraph we can learn that _____.
A.toothbrushes came into common use in Europe in the 17th century |
B.people could enjoy a variety of paste and powder cleaners in the 18th century |
C.more and more people paid attention to dental care throughout Europe in the 19th century |
D.the English could use different kinds of tubes of toothpaste in the early 19th century |
A.Diners Club | B.Sir John Herschel |
C.Dr Eugen Frick | D.the Zeiss factory |
A. Credit cards have a history of about two hundred years.
B. Three kinds of credit cards are being used in the USA.
C. The use of credit cards is closely related to the economic development.
D. American Express is only used by American travelers now.
小题4:The last paragraph mainly tells us that ______.
A.the greatest inventions came about by chance |
B.inventions came about through careful research and patient study |
C.inventors still continue to make inventions |
D.necessity is the mother of invention |
In 1955,bus seats for African Americans and whites were separated in parts of the U.S.. On December 1,1955,in the city of Montgomery,Alabama,a conflict,or disagreement,started when an African American woman named Rosa Parks refused to give her bus seat to a white man and go to the back of the bus. The police took 42yearold Parks to jail.
The African American community was extremely angry. They had a meeting and decided to work together to protest discrimination. They agreed to boycott(抵制) the buses on the day that Parks went to court. The day was a success. Empty buses drove through the streets. The city lost money. The community decided to continue the boycott. They elected a man named Martin Luther King,Jr. to be the leader.
The boycott continued. It was difficult for African Americans to get to work without buses,but they didn’t stop the boycott. The city continued to lose money. Finally,the U.S. Supreme Court decided that Montgomery’s bus laws were unfair and gave the African American community equal right. On December 21,1956,the bus boycott ended.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. The movement eventually led to the Civil Rights Act in 1964,a set of laws that made discrimination a crime. During the Montgomery Bus Boycott,people worked together to change the government. Today,people in the U.S. continue to work together for a change. Now hundreds of organizations and community groups work to protect the rights of U.S. citizens and residents.
小题1:How is the situation for the black in the U.S. in 1955?
A.They were treated equally. |
B.They were treated unfairly. |
C.They had no rights to take a bus. |
D.They were not allowed to take the same bus with the white. |
A.Bus seats for African Americans and white were separated in parts of the U.S. |
B.Rosa Parks was sent to jail for she refused to give her bus seat to a white man. |
C.The African American community had a meeting to protest discrimination. |
D.A man named Martin Luther King,Jr. was elected to be the leader. |
A.Less than a year. | B.Less than a month. |
C.More than a year. | D.More than a month. |
A.By refusing to take buses. |
B.By refusing to talk to the white. |
C.Through fights with the white people. |
D.By doing nothing. |
A.The U.S. Supreme Court decided that Montgomery’s bus laws were unfair and gave the African American community equal right. |
B.They elected a man named Martin Luther King,Jr. to be the leader. |
C.Black people and white people can take the same bus. |
D.The movement eventually led to the Civil Rights Act in 1964,a set of laws that made discrimination a crime. |
President Thomas Jefferson, however, knew that tomatoes were good to eat. He was a learned man. He had been to Paris, where he learned to love the taste of tomatoes. He grew many kinds of tomatoes in his garden. The President taught his cook a way for a cream of tomato soup. This beautiful pink soup was served at the President’s party. The guests thought the soup tasted really good. They never thought their president would serve his honored guests poison apples.
Jefferson never spoke to his honored (忠实的) guests about the fact.
小题1:The passage tells us that Jefferson was a President who learned to love the taste of tomatoes .
A.while he was in Paris | B.when he was a little boy |
C.because his parents told him so | D.from books |
A.the President himself | B.a French cook |
C.the President’s cook | D.the President’s wife |
A.people from other countries | B.from France |
C.people of his own country | D.men only |
A.All of the guests knew the soup that was served at the President’s party was made of tomatoes. |
B.All of the guests thought the soup which was prepared by the President’s cook was nice. |
C.All of the guests thought the taste of the beautiful pink soup was nice. |
D.None of the guests knew that their president would serve his honored guests poison apples |
The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebuilt by different dynasties over the past 2,000 years. It began in the rule of China’s first emperor, Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221BC----206BC), and lasted into the Ming Dynasty. The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared. People are familiar with sections such as Badaling in Beijing and Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu, because they have been open to tourists for many years. But those sections far away from the public eyes have been almost forgotten.
Few local people knew the 3—meter—high walls made of earth and stones beside them are parts of the Great Wall. The lack of knowledge is considered as one of the main reasons behind human.
The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses,sheep corrals and pigsties. Some were taken away to build roads. Bricks carved with people’s names are put away as remembrances. The rubbish is spread over the battlements. The brick can be sold 15 yuan per tractor load. Those who destroyed and are destroying the Wall know its name, but are not clear about its cultural meaning. It will take a long time to let them know this. The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but also dug out the entire base.
It is necessary to protect the Great Wall. First of all, the officials should be aware of the importance of the Great Wall. Young Chinese should know more about the nation’s great civilization and learn to love it.
小题1:Why does the writer say the Great Wall might disappear?
A.It is useless from now on. |
B. It is too old to be used again. |
C. It will be replaced by a new one. |
D. Some parts of it are being destroyed. |
A.nobody can watch. |
B.that are too far to be seen. |
C.that are too difficult to find. |
D.that are not well-known to the public. |
A.The local people sell the bricks for a living. |
B.The local people are short of culture knowledge. |
C.The local people think that the Great Wall is not important. |
D.The local people need bricks and stones to build houses. |
A.How to Protect the Great Wall. |
B.How the Great Wall came into being. |
C.The Great Wall Being Rebuilt. |
D.The Great Wall Being in Danger. |
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