many important tasks on behalf of the nation.
● Head of State
As Head of State, the queen goes on official state visits abroad. She also invites other world leaders to come
to the United Kingdom. During their visits, heads of states usually stay at Buckingham Palace, or sometimes at
Windsor Castle or Holy Rood-house in Edinburgh.
● Head of the Church of England
The Queen is Head of the Church of England, a position that all British monarchs have since it was founded
by Henry Ⅷ in the 1530s.
The Queen appoints archbishops and bishops on the advice of the Prime Minister. The spiritual leader of the
Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury.
● Government Duties
Every day, "red boxes" are delivered to.the Queen"s desk, full of documents and reports from govemment
ministers and Commonwealth officials. They must all be read and, if necessary, signed by the Queen.
● The Representative of the Nation
The Queen represents the nation at times of great celebration or sorrow. One example of this is the
Remembrance Day ceremony at the cenotaph monument in Whitehall. The Queen lays a wreath there each year
to honor the members of the armed forces who have died fighting for their country.
● Royal Garden Parties
At least three Royal Garden Parties are held at Buckingham Palace each year and about 8,000 guests attend
each one.
● Visits
Alongside her other duties, the Queen spends a huge amount of time traveling around the country and visiting
hospitals, schools, factories and other places and organizations.
B. Appointing bishops.
C. Inviting foreign leaders to visit the UK.
D. Making laws for the country.
B. Whitehall
C. Windsor Castle
D. Buckingham Palace
B. prime ministers
C. archbishops
D. the Queen"s family
B. The Church of England was founded by Henry Ⅷ.
C. The spiritual leader of the Church of England is the Queen.
D. The Queen signs all the documents and reports from the government.
B. the Queen and the Prime Minister govern the nation together
C. the Queen takes advice of the Prime Minister on appointing archbishops
D. the Prime Minister spends much time traveling around the country
on Saturday morning. Just lately he has been arriving before I get up. Workforce shortages mean that four men
are sharing five rounds, so he has to start earlier.
Delivering milk to people"s homes is hardly good business, especially when the customer may have a choice
of two or three firms serving a single road. In spite of my local difficulties, however, labor troubles are not as
great as a few years ago. There are enough men prepared to make an early moming start for the sake of an
open-air job with a fair measure of freedom. If they did stop calling, women would find it hard work to collect
all the milk they need from self-service stores. Dairies (乳品业) know that stopping deliveries in the United
States resulted in falling sales.
Marketing ideas have included introducing extra lines, in addition to dairy products, which the milkmen can
carry to increase business. One dairyman said, "It won"t be long before the milkman delivers more bread than
milk." Some milkmen deliver potatoes, and it seems as though variety will be limited only by the size of the
trucks.
So the milkman is likely to remain a familiar figure, and the dairy products he sells are unlikely to change
very much in this decade. Flavored milk is popular on the Continent. In Britain those who like it buy plain milk
and add their own flavoring. Even the returnable bottle continues to be used. As long as it has a reasonable life-
30 to 40 trips are usual-the cost of collection and cleaning is worthwhile.
B. they hope to reach the customers" home in time
C. they have to collect the money for the week"s milk house to house
D. dairies are short of deliverymen and the companies worry about falling sales
B. Because they like working outdoors and breathing the air freely.
C. Because they can enjoy a great amount of freedom outdoors.
D. Because they like walking freely in the fresh air.
B. The milkman now delivers more bread than milk.
C. Milkmen have taken over many rounds given up by bakeries.
D. Some milkmen deliver potatoes in addition to dairy products.
B. flavored milk will become popular in Britain
C. people will buy milk from self-service stores
D. there will be little change in the dairy business
B. the returnable bottles are no longer used
C. collection and cleaning of the retumable bottles cost nothing
D. the returnable bottles won"t be thrown away until they are used dozens of times
costs $6 million to make. A TV commercial (商业广告) can cost more than $6,000 a second. And that does
not include cost of paying for air time (电视节目开始的时间). Which is more valuable, the program or the
ad? In terms of money-and making money is what television is all about, the commercial is by far the more
important.
Research, market testing, talent, time and money-all come together to make us want to buy a product. No
matter how bad we think a commercial is, it works. The sales of Charm went up once the ads began. TV
commercials actually buy their way into our head. We, in turn, buy the product.
And the ads work because so much time and attention are given to them. Here are some rules of commercial
ad making. If you want to get the lower-middle-class buyer, make sure the announcer has a tough, manly
voice. Put some people in the ad who work with their hands. If you want to sell to upper-class audience (观
众), make sure that the house, the furniture, and the hair style are the types that the group identifies (识别)
with. If you want the buyer to feel superior (胜过) to the character selling the product, then make that person
so sfupid or silly that everyone will feel great about himself or herself.
We laugh at commercials. We don"t think we pay that much attention to them. But facts show we are
kidding ourselves. The making of a commercial that costs so much money is not kid stuff. It"s big, big
business. And it"s telling us what to think, what we need, and what to buy. To put it simply, the TV
commercial is a form of brainwashing (洗脑).
B. they require a lot of money to make
C. they are not difficult to produce
D. they attract more viewers than other programs
B. to show how valuable the product is
C. to test the market value of the product
D. to make them as interesting as TV movies
B. the more stupid the characters, the more buyers of the product
C. ad designers attract different people with different skills
D. an upperclass buyer is more interested in houses and furniture than a lower-middle-class buyer
B. TV commercials are a good guide to buyers
C. TV commercials often make people laugh
D. people do not think highly of TV commercials
(注意:每空格填1个单词,不得用文章中的单词。)
reduce the drawbacks (缺点) least
Hosting the Olympics successfully is, perhaps, the greatest glory for a city. However, before turning the
dream into reality, the benefits and drawbacks of hosting the Olympics should be considered carefully.
Hosting the Olympics surely would bring about much gain to a city. Boom (繁荣) of the local economy,
more jobs, and the possibrlity ofmore income all sound very attractive to the govemment. At the same time,
better infrastructure (基础设施), cleaner environment, enjoying the wonderful game with hundreds of sports
elites (精英)and entertainment stars, and the chance of contacting people from all over the world also seem
exciting to the citizens. Besides, the hosting will certainly promote the patriotic (爱国的) emotion and pride,
as well as the moral behavior in local people. In most cases, hosting the Olympics is well supported by both
the pubiic and the central government.
But this is not the entire view of the pretty picture. If we look from another angle, the Olympic hosting
might bring about some side-effects to a city.
First, the environmental impacts, including the increasing exhaust (排气) smoke of cars, more pressure
on water resources, huge amount of wasted leaflets and other materials used for public activities, are most
probably neglected. In order to broaden the streets, some trees may have to be cut. Near the construction
site, the tiny dust may float in the air for a long time. Reduction of farmland may be caused by the need of
setting up new sports centre or accommodation facilities. These environmental consequences (后果) can be
especially serious in a resource-limited and thickly-populated city in a third-world country. Second, if we talk
about the economic benefit, it should not be forgotten that a quick increase may lead to bubble (泡沫) growth,
which may easily crash. If not well managed and organized, the big event may not be so profitable, and the
new facilities may be forever empty after the games. Yes, there have been cases that host cities ended up with
enormous debts.
No one stops eating merely because too much food might hurt his stomach and make him ill. Since we
have bid for it,what we can do is to make the benefits most and reduce the drawbacks least.
1______ 2______ 3______ 4______ 5______ 6______ 7______ 8______ 9______ 10______
countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that
international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is
probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support
the view that sport encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the terrible incident (事件)
with the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by those incidents caused mainly by minor
national contests.
One country received its second-place medal with great anger after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There
had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They
were certain that one of their goals should not have been dismissed and that the opposite side"s victory
was unfair. Their manager was angry when he said:"This wasn"t hockey. Hockey and the Intemational
Hockey Society are finished." The president of the society said later that such words could result in the
pause of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not give away first place to Russia, after
a fighting end to their contest. The game had ended in quarrel. It was thought at first that the United States
had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian
player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player beat it into the basket.
It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. The judges discussed the matter
for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then
decided not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played for honors or money rather than for the
love of the game. The suggestion that sportsmen should compete as individuals (个人), or in non-national
teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too
much that encourages dangerous nationalism.
B. made only false national pride
C. hardly showed any international friendship
D. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred
B. Hockey and the society are both ruined by the unfair decisions.
C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the society.
D. The society should be dismissed.
B. that sport men have been more troublesome than they used to be
C. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship
D. that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games
A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.
B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.
C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.
D. International contests lead to misunderstanding between nations.
The Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population
in the United States. It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless
population. and some of which fight for the passing of laws that would give every American the right to a place
to call home. According to the Coalition"s studies, of over two hundred million people living in th U?ited States,
up to three million are homeless and the number is still growing since the late 1970s, fast rising house prices,
large cuts in government supported housing programs, and economic recession have made it impossible for
many Americans to meet housing costs. Sadly, this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave
their homes and or unable to find new affordable homes. According to another research, families with children
appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population, making up 39% of it. The old idea of a
homeless person, that of the single man who gets drunk all the time, is no longer true. A much larger part of
the population now finds itself homeless. Even worse, once a person becomes homeless, he often finds it
impossible to find a job, since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home
address on a job application.
B. deal with
C. fight for
D. write to
A. 39% of the population.
B. 200 million people.
C. About 3 million people.
D. About one-fifth of the population.
B. they mostly have a drinking problem
C. they aren"t supported by government programs
D. they often don"t have enough work experience
B. The fast growth of family size.
C. The slow construction of houses.
D. The ever-rising price of housing.
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