题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a group of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the group, and whether it is a person or a photograph, may also affect a witness’s decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.
Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.
Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot leave out eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve (决定) court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, and convict innocent people, more importantly, eyewitness testimony has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people.
American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witness’s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear and remember what happened.
小题1:Bernard Jackson was found guilty and sentenced 5 years’ prison because .
A.the police discovered evidence leading to his guilt |
B.he admitted the crime of raping two women |
C.the victims insisted that he was the attacker |
D.the eyewitness proved the victims’ testimony |
A.the eyewitness is confused by the police’s questions |
B.the eyewitness is shown photos of many similar faces |
C.the eyewitness lacks the professional help from police |
D.the eyewitness can’t identify people of other races clearly |
A.the misunderstanding of the case | B.the disbelief in the court |
C.the disrespect for the eyewitness | D.the conviction of an innocent person |
A.it can be relied on to detect criminals in all cases. |
B.it is sometimes the only way to resolve court cases. |
C.it is sometimes the only clue for police investigation. |
D.it is more reliable than physical evidences to a crime. |
A.police identification is more reliable than that of the ordinary people |
B.eyewitness testimony is valuable, though sometimes incorrect. |
C.crime victims often fail to give positive identification of the suspects |
D.the jury relies on the judge rather than the eyewitness for a decision |
答案
小题1:C
小题1:C
小题1:D
小题1:B
小题1:B
解析
核心考点
试题【A person named Bernard Jackson today is a free man, but he has many bitter memor】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Any observant people have noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it escapes. “Flight distance” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance --- the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope will escape when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard’s flight distance, on the other hand, is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.
Critical Distance
Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates(穿过,透过)the lion’s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion turns back and begins slowly stalk(逼近)the man.
Social Distance
Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal (致命的)for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group --- that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group --- it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when it goes beyond its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.
Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short --- apparently only a few yards --- among some animals, and quite long among others.
Social distance is not always rigidly(刻板的)fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother’s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach. This is readily observed among baboons(狒狒)in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shortens. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.
小题1:Which of the following is the most suitable explanation to “Flight distance”?
A.Distance between animals of the same species before escaping. |
B.Distance between large and small animals before escaping. |
C.Distance between an animal and its enemy before escaping |
D.Distance between certain animal species before escaping. |
A.begin to attack | B.try to hide | C.begin to jump | D.run away |
A.social distance is not always needed |
B.there is no social distance among children |
C.humans are different from animals in social distance |
D.social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors |
A.Critical Distance | B.Spacing in Animals |
C.Relationship Between Animals | D.Psychological Distance |
Interrupted by two wars and then the economic crisis of 1929, the Carnival was held from time to time until the second half of the century. In 1954, a group of business people re-started the festivities. That year, Bonhomme was born and was elected the event’s representative.
The next year the first official Quebec Winter Carnival took place. The Carnival snowballed into a big event and was important for tourism and economic activity in the city.
From one winter to the next, the Carnival enriched its activity program. We have since added even more popular activities, such as winter sports, snow sculptures, and activities based on the traditional Quebec lifestyle, such as dogsled races. The Quebec Winter Carnival is the largest winter carnival in the world today, and is third on the list of Top Carnivals after the famous carnivals in Rio and New Orleans.
1960
The people living along Rue Sainte-Therese created many snow or ice sculptures, and this location became known as Carnival Street.
1964
The name of Bonhomme Carnival and his image became registered trademarks.
1970
A new tradition was born: closing the event with a firework display.
1975
A new activity, called The Break, was created, on Friday from noon till midnight. Many employers gave their employees time off so they could go dancing at the Quebec City Convention Centre. The event continued to be held until 1986, sometimes late into the night.
1977
Until 1991, the Carnival offered a children’s sculpture competition.
1987
The snow bath became part of the program.
1999
Because of the importance of volunteers, the human resources department was created to improve organization.
小题1:The Quebec Winter Carnival .
A.is held from mid-February to the end of March |
B.is an encouragement for the local people in winter |
C.is the second largest carnival in the winter |
D.has as many activities as when it was first held |
小题3:
小题4:
Personal Space
When two people are talking to each other, they tend to stand a distance apart. Each person has an invisible boundary (界限) around their body into which other people may not come.
Interestingly,the average personal distance varies from culture to culture. Americans tend to require more personal space than in other cultures. So if you try to get too close to an American during your conversation, he or she will feel that you are “in their face” and will try to back away.
Try to avoid physical contact while you are speaking, since this may also lead to discomfort.
Tipping(小费)
Restaurants do not include a service charge in the bill, so you should tip the waiter 15% of the total bill. If service is slow or particular bad, some Americans will tip only 10%. If service is particularly good, it is appropriate to tip 20%. If service is so bad that you will never eat in the restaurant again, leave two cents. It tells the waiter that you haven’t forgotten to leave a tip. Tipping is only appropriate in restaurants which offer table service. You do not tip the cashier in a fast food restaurant.
Gestures
To wave goodbye or hello to someone, raise your hand and wave it from side to side, not front to back. Wave the whole hand, not just the fingers. Waving the hand front to back or the fingers up and down means “no”, “stop”, or “go away’. Holding your hand up with the palm facing forward but no movement means “stop”.
If you want to point at an object, extend the index finger and use it to point at the object. It is not polite to point at people.
Although showing your fist with the thumb up or your open hand with the tips of the thumb and index finger together forming an “O” means “OK”, these are stereotypes (老套). Americans understand these gestures, but they are mainly used by actors in movies, not in real life.
小题1: If an American to whom you are speaking backs away a little, you’d better __________.
A.not try to close the gap | B.stop talking with him or her |
C.back away too | D.ask him or her what happened |
A.The tip always ranges from 10% to 20% of the total bill. |
B.You needn’t leave a tip if you will never eat in the restaurant. |
C.It’s unnecessary to tip the waiter in a restaurant. |
D.Tipping is not necessary in fast food restaurants. |
A B. C. D.
.
小题4:We can learn from the passage that in the US ___________________.
A.it’s natural to touch each other in a conversation. |
B.it’s polite to leave a tip though the service is bad. |
C.there is only one gesture meaning “stop”. |
D.Americans use the same gesture to point at people and objects. |
At least one group of people is certain that it can. A recent survey of the top 500 entrepreneurs (实业家) in the UK found that 70 percent felt that their efforts were not appreciated by the British public .
Britain is hostile to success, they said. It has a culture of jealousy (嫉妒) . As a result, the survey said, entrepreneurs were “unloved, unwanted and misunderstood”. Jealousy is sometimes known as the “green-eyed monster” and the UK is its home. Scientists at Warwich University in the UK recently tested this idea. They gathered a group of people together and gave each an imaginary amount of money. Some were given a little, others a great deal. Those given a little money were given the chance to destroy the large amounts of money given to others—but at the cost of losing their own. Two thirds of the people tested agreed to do this.
This seems to prove the entrepreneurs were right to complain. But there is also conflicting evidence. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) recently reported that the UK was now the world’s fourth largest economy .That is not bad for people who are supposed to hate success. People in the UK also work longer hours than anyone else in Europe. So the British people are not lazy , either .
“It’s not really success that the British dislike,” says Carey Cooper, a Professor of management at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. “It’s people using their success in a way that seems arrogant (傲慢) or unfair or which separates them from their roots .”
Perhaps it is the entrepreneurs who are the problem. They set out to do things in their way. They work long hours. By their own efforts they become millionaires. But instead of being happy they complain that nobody loves them. It hardly seems worth following their example. If they were more friendly, people would like them more. And more people want to be like them.
小题1:What does the underlined “it” in the second paragraph refer to?
A.One group of people | B.A great survey |
C.National character | D.A nation |
A.they are not popular simply because they are successful |
B.the British public are hardworking |
C.love of success is Britain’s national character |
D.they are considered as “green-eyed monsters” |
A.Two thirds of the people tested didn’t love money |
B.Most people would rather fail than see others succeed |
C.An imaginary amount of money does not attract people |
D.Most people are willing to enjoy success with others |
A.Jealousy is Britain’s national character |
B.British entrepreneurs are not fairly treated |
C.the scientists are Warwich University did a successful test |
D.the British dislike the entrepreneurs because they do not behave properly |
For most of the 20th century boxing attracted huge fan and media attention in the United States. Some boxing champions became legendary, larger-than-life figures, such as Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis, and Muhammad Ali. Criticized to varying degrees throughout its history for its violent nature and high injury rate, boxing has somehow always managed to survive——and even thrive——as a sport.
Modern boxing regulations are based upon the 12 rules set out by British boxing officials in the mid-19th century. These rules became known as the Marquess of Queensberry Rules, named after the 8th Marquess of Queensberry, John Sholto Douglas, who sponsored and published them. In addition to in-the-ring rules, modern boxing also has specific regulations regarding eligibility for the fighters themselves.
The modern rules for professional and amateur boxing differ, but both types of contests are divided into time periods called rounds. In professional boxing, each round lasts three minutes; in amateur boxing, two minutes. A one-minute rest period between rounds is standard. Amateur contests consist of three rounds; professional contests may consist of up to 12 rounds. A bell is usually sounded by a timekeeper to begin and end each round.
A key step in making boxing safer and more respectable was the introduction of gloves, ending brutal bare-knuckle competition. Boxing gloves are heavily padded to soften the impact of the blow and to protect the hands of the boxer. As an added protection, the hands are taped before being placed in the gloves, which are essentially huge mittens. Professional gloves usually weigh between 170 and 226g; amateur gloves average 226 to 340g.
小题1:Which of the following is true according to the information in the passage?
A.Boxing is a violent sport with high injury rate. |
B.People enjoy boxing because of its brutal nature. |
C.Only professional players are allowed to attend boxing matches. |
D.Boxing is a popular sport with a history of only 200 years. |
A.this is because many people can participate in this popular sport |
B.this is because boxing is a sport which can bring good business |
C.the reason for this cannot be fully explained |
D.this is because there are many legendary boxers |
A.The time set for a round. | B.The weight of gloves. |
C.The size of boxing rings. | D.The signal to begin and end each round. |
A.to give a general introduction to the sport of boxing |
B.to advertise a band of boxing-related product |
C.to discourage people from enjoying this violent sport |
D.to get support for a sport with long tradition |
A.It is a brutal and violent sport, with little popularity in modern times. |
B.It is a traditional sport, with little room for improvement. |
C.It is a controversial sport, which nevertheless enjoys great public support. |
D.It is strictly professional sport with rigid and exclusive rules. |
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