题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
President John Kennedy established the Peace Corps soon after he took office in 1961. It was the time of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. The new program gave Americans a chance to answer the call to service that the president made in his inaugural(就职的)speech. “Ask not what your country can do for you,” he said. “Ask what you can do for your country.” Kennedy told Peace Corps volunteers that America’s image in the countries where they were going would depend largely on them.
On August 30th, 1961, the first group of 51 Peace Corps volunteers arrived in Accra, Ghana, to serve as teachers. They had agreed to work for almost no pay. They would spend two years in Ghana helping its people and learning the reality of life in a developing country. Most of the volunteers had just completed college. About half of them taught English or health care. In the 50 years since then, more than 200，000 Americans have served as Peace Corps volunteers. They have worked in 139 countries.
The Peace Corps is a government agency that was created to promote world peace and friendship. There are three goals: First, to help the people of interested countries in meeting their need for trained men and women. Second, to help promote a better understanding of Americans on the part of the people served. And, third. to help promote a better understanding of other people on the part of Americans.
Today, the Peace Corps has more than 8,000 volunteers and trainees in 77 countries. They work in agriculture, economic development, education, the environment and health care. Some work in programs related to youth development.
Sixty percent of current Peace Corps volunteers are women. The average age of a volunteer is 28. But the ages of Peace Corps volunteers range from 18 to 86. Some Americans join the Peace Corps after they retire. Today seven percent of volunteers are over the age of 50. And 19 percent are members of minority groups.
小题1:Volunteers for the Peace Corps can _______.
| A．improve their abilities by learning in some developed countries |
| B．travel to many foreign countries to learn more about the world |
| C．have an opportunity to help all the people in developing countries |
| D．contribute to lives in developing countries and develop themselves |
| A．Volunteers served as teachers to work for no pay in Accra, Ghana. |
| B．Kennedy established the Peace Corps before he took office in 1961. |
| C．Most of the volunteers of the first group had just graduated from college. |
| D．America’s image in the foreign countries depends completely on volunteers. |
| A．what the Peace Corps is and its steps |
| B．why the Peace Corps was created and what are its goals |
| C．what role the Peace Corps play in daily life |
| D．How the Peace Corps was created and its aims |
| A．industry | B．environment | C．education | D．health care |
| A．Most of the volunteers for the Peace Corps are women. |
| B．Few minority groups joined the Peace Corps. |
| C．Half of the retired volunteers joined the Peace Corps. |
| D．People of different ages take an active part in the Peace Corps. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:D
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了美国的Peace Corps有各种年龄段的人志愿者所参与的组织，该组织的成立的原因及目的。志愿者的目的是帮助改善发展中国家的生活及了解他们自己。
小题1:细节理解题。根据help improve lives in developing countries. They also get a chance to learn more about the world, and about themselves.志愿者的目的是帮助改善发展中国家的生活及了解他们自己， 故选D。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Most of the volunteers had just completed college. 大多数志愿者都是刚刚大学毕业，故选C。
小题3:段落大意题。根据Peace Corps组织成立的原因及目的，故选B。
小题4:细节理解题。根据They work in agriculture, economic development, education, the environment and health care.可知这里没有提到工业，故选A。
小题5:细节理解题。根据最后一段可知不同年龄的人都积极参与这个组织，故选D。
点评：命题者常以以下一些方法设置段落大意题的干扰项，从而误导考生选择错误选项：选项以偏赅全；选项过于笼统；选项内容是命题者杜撰的；选项是无关信息。
核心考点
试题【Americans who volunteer for the Peace Corps get a chance to help improve lives i】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a program which can take precise (精确的) waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images.
Using the person’s height as a starting point，the software will be able to build up a 3D image and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions.
The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on waist size or a “small／medium／large”scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyer’s perception of their own body size.
Shoppers and retailers(零售商)who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment(服装) and send back ill-fitting clothes, researchers claimed.
The project, sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC), is expected to be brought to market within two years.
After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.
The software will not store or transmit the image to the internet, but will use it to judge the person’s dimensions at various points on their body.
Philip Delamore of the London College of Fashion said：“The potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. Currently, it’s common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as they’re unsure which one will fit best.”
小题1:What is the essential part of a 3D tape measure?
| A．a software | B．a webcam |
| C．a microphone | D．a smart phone |
| A．It will store or transmit the image to the internet. |
| B．It is based on the buyer’s perception of their size. |
| C．It will be a co-working production. |
| D．It uses a person’s weight as a starting point. |
| A．quicker | B．more precise |
| C．more beautiful | D．more vivid |
| A．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment in time. |
| B．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment more quickly. |
| C．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment of high quality. |
| D．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment to their measure. |
①to take a photo with a webcam
②to activate the software
③to enter his／her height
④to judge his size by analyzing his image
| A．①②③④ | B．②①③④ | C．②③①④ | D．②③④① |
“What"s the matter, Schatz?”
“I"ve got a headache.”
“You better go back to bed.”
“No. I"m all right.”
“You go to bed. I"ll see you when I"m dressed.”
But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead I knew he had a fever.
“You go up to bed,” I said, “You"re sick.”
“I"m all right,” he said.
When the doctor came he took the boy"s temperature.
“What"s is it?” I asked him.
“One hundred and two.”
Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsules with instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative(泻药), the third to overcome an acid condition. The germs of influenza（流感）can only exist in an acid condition, he explained. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about if the fever did not go above one hundred and four degrees. This was a light epidemic(传染病；传染性的) of flu and there was no danger if you avoided pneumonia（肺炎）.
Back in the room I wrote the boy"s temperature down and made a note of the time to give the various capsules.
“Do you want me to read to you?”
“All right. If you want to, “ said the boy. His face was very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached（超然的；冷漠的）from what was going on.
I read aloud from Howard Pyle"s Book of Pirates（海盗）;but I could see he was not following what I was reading.
“How do you feel, Schatz?” I asked him.
“Just the same, so far,” he said.
I sat at the foot of the bed and read to myself while I waited for it to be time to give another capsule. It would have been natural for him to go to sleep, but when I looked up he was looking at the foot of the bed, looking very strangely.
“Why don"t you try to sleep? I"ll wake you up for the medicine.”
“I"d rather stay awake.”
After a while he said to me, “You don"t have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you.”
“It doesn"t bother me.”
“No, I mean you don"t have to stay if it"s going to bother you.”
I thought perhaps he was a little lightheaded and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleven o"clock I went out with my gun and the young hunting dog….I killed two quail(鹌鹑), and missed five, and started back pleased to have found a covey of quail close to the house and happy there were so many left to find on another day.
At the house they said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room.
“You can"t come in,” he said. “You mustn"t get what I have.”
I went up to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed（发红）by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed.
I took his temperature.
“What is it?”
“Something like a hundred,” I said. It was one hundred and two and four tenths.
“It was a hundred and two,” he said.
“Who said so?”
“The doctor.”
“Your temperature is all right,” I said. “It"s nothing to worry about.”
“I don"t worry,” he said, “but I can"t keep from thinking.”
“Don"t think,” I said. “Just take it easy.”
“I"m taking it easy,” he said and looked straight ahead, He was evidently holding tight onto himself about something.
“Take this with water.”
“Do you think it will do any good?”
“Of course it will.”
I sat down and opened the Pirate book and began to read, but I could see he was not following, so I stopped.
“About what time do you think I"m going to die?” he asked.
“What?”
“About how long will it be before I die?”
“You aren"t going to die. What"s the matter with you? “
“Oh, yes, I am, I heard him say a hundred and two.”
“People don"t die with a fever of one hundred and two. That"s a silly way to talk.”
“I know they do. At school in France the boys told me you can"t live with forty-four degrees. I"ve got a hundred and two.”
He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o"clock in the morning.
“You poor Schatz,” I said. “Poor old Schatz. It"s like miles and kilometers. You aren"t going to die. That"s different thermometer. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it"s ninety-eight.”
“Are you sure?”
“Absolutely,” I said, “It"s like miles and kilometers. You know, like how many kilometers we make when we do seventy miles in the car?”
“Oh,” he said.
But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack(松驰的) and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.
小题1:The author writes about the doctor’s visit in order to _____.
| A．show the doctor’s knowledge about influenza and its treatment |
| B．show the boy’s illness was quite serious |
| C．create a situation of misunderstanding around which to build a story |
| D．show the father was very much concerned about the boy’s illness |
| A．the boy’s high temperature |
| B．the father giving the medicine to the boy |
| C．the father staying with the boy |
| D．the boy’s death |
| A．early in the afternoon |
| B．close to evening |
| C．at noon |
| D．late in the morning |
| A．he did not want to be a bother to others |
| B．he wanted to recover quickly so that he could go hunting with his father |
| C．he was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himself |
| D．he thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of death |
| A．he couldn’t control his emotions when he finally relaxed |
| B．his father would go out hunting without him if he didn’t cry |
| C．something went wrong with his brain after the fever |
| D．he often complained about unimportant things as a spoiled boy |
| A．death is something beyond a child’s comprehension |
| B．to be calm and controlled in the face of death is a mark of courage |
| C．misunderstanding can occur even between father and son |
| D．misunderstanding can sometimes lead to an unexpected effect |
In the States, you can feel free to visit people’s homes, share their holidays, enjoy their children and their lives without fear that you are taking on a lasting obligation. Do not hesitate to accept hospitality because you cannot give it in return. No one will expect you to do so for they know you are far from home. Americans will enjoy welcoming you and be pleased if you accept their hospitality easily.
Once you arrive there, the welcome will be full and warm and real. Most visitors find themselves readily invited into many homes there. In some countries it is considered inhospitable to entertain at home, offering what is felt as “merely” home cooked food, not “doing something” for your guest. It is felt that restaurant entertaining shows more respect and welcome. Or for various other reasons, such as crowded space, language difficulties, or family custom, outsiders are not invited into homes.
In the United States, both methods are used, but it is often considered more friendly to invite a person to one’s home than to go to a public place, except in purely business relationships. So, if your host or hostess brings you home, do not feel that you are being shown inferior (差的) treatment.
Don’t feel neglected (被忽视) if you do not find flowers awaiting you in your hotel room either. Flowers are very expensive there, hotel delivery (递送，投递) is uncertain, arrival times are delayed, changed, or canceled – so flowers are not customarily (通常) sent as a welcoming touch. Please do not feel unwanted! Outward signs vary in different lands; the inward welcome is what matters, and this will be real.
小题1:In the United States, you will find friendships __________ if circumstances change.
| A．die suddenly | B．pass away |
| C．disappear gradually | D．last forever |
| A．ask | B．wish | C．never allow | D．don’t expect |
| A．less formal | B．less hospitable |
| C．more natural | D．more popular |
| A．Flowers are available at all time. |
| B．Flowers are expensive. |
| C．Flowers are signs of outward welcome. |
| D．Flowers are not necessarily sent to guests. |
| A．American Hospitality | B．American Friendships |
| C．American Invitation | D．American Welcome |
Fish farming now produces forty-six percent of the world’s supply of fish. That represents a forty-three percent increase from 2006. The report also said fish farming earned more money in 2008 than traditional fisheries.
In fish farming, fish are raised in tanks or small bodies of water called ponds. They are also raised in cages or nets in oceans, lakes and rivers. The report says increased fish farming has helped people around the world eat record amounts of fish. The FAO says each person ate an average of almost seventeen kilograms of fish last year.
However, the FAO says the current yearly wild-fish harvest of ninety million tons shows no improvement. Decreasing numbers of fish and stronger catch limits have reduced the possibilities for catching wild fish. The FAO report says about thirty-two percent of world supplies are overfished. It says these supplies of fish need to be rebuilt at once.
Some scientists have criticized fish farming. They say the nets and cages permit fish diseases and pests to spread. Some fish farming critics doubt whether fish farming can keep growing at the current rate. But Wally Stevens of the trade group Global Aquaculture Alliance says the industry must continue developing to feed growing populations. Mr. Stevens says a one hundred percent increase in fish farming over ten years is necessary to keep providing for people at the current level. He notes that fish farming creates jobs and wealth, especially for people in coastal areas of China.
小题1:We learn that since the year 2006, fish farming has been ______.
| A．earning more money than traditional fisheries |
| B．developing rapidly around the world |
| C．growing at a rate of 6.6 percent each day |
| D．producing 46% of the world’s supply of fish |
| A．buy more kinds of fishes | B．eat more fish than before |
| C．eat much healthier fish | D．eat much bigger fish |
| A．it is harder to catch wild fish than before. |
| B．It costs too much to rebuild supplies of fish. |
| C．There is no future for the market of wild fish. |
| D．Catching wild fish no longer brings benefits. |
| A．It doesn’t have disadvantages at all. |
| B．It cannot keep growing at the current rate. |
| C．It is not a good way of raising fish. |
| D．It must develop fast to supply a growing population. |
A few explanations for this American style are as follows:
(1) Americans are practical and efficient. Since most of us are right-handed, it is reasonable to keep our working tools at all times in the right hand that can use them most efficiently.
(2) Americans, the master of the New World are rebels（叛逆者）.They use the zigzag method to break the rules in the Old World and in this way they are thumbing their nose at Mother England. Americans are a restless kind. They do not like to sit in one spot for very long when dining.
(3) Forced to do so, they respond by “playing” with the silver.
Whatever the reason for the practice, it is now certainly as American as apple pie. Europeans recognize this and are quick to attack it as evidence of American innocence（无知）of form. Arguments against the zigzag method rest not only on grounds of efficiency but also on those of tradition. In Old World dining, the knife is held in the right hand continually because it can serve as an instant defense against the uninvited intruders（入侵者）.However, such alertness（警觉） is out of place in the New World, as every American believes that this is the home of the brave. Americans juggle their silverware, perhaps, to show that they are not afraid and that one of them holding a fork is worth any number of them holding blades（刀）.
小题1:Americans use _______ to hold their fork to pick up the salad.
| A．the right hand | B．the left hand |
| C．both hands | D．either of the two hands |
| A．show their independence of Mother England |
| B．show their disrespect to Mother England |
| C．add a new tradition to those in Mother England |
| D．show off their creativeness to Mother England |
| A．hold | B．play with | C．pick up | D．lay down |
| A．Americans |
| B．Europeans and Americans separately |
| C．Americans and Europeans separately |
| D．Europeans |
| A．European people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand. |
| B．The zigzag eating method is related to American characteristics. |
| C．The zigzag eating method has become an American feature. |
| D．European people will use the American method because of its efficiency. |
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