will bring us some way nearer to"equality of opportunity".
Many people like to think of our present system of schooling as providing plenty of steps up the
ladder of success for clever children．It would be good to think that no one who is really bright can
be missed out when the state system is obviously so complete．It is obvious, for instance, that many
children from less wealthy homes reach university or do well in other ways.
Unfortunately we now have plenty of proofs that many children of every level of ability do much
less well than they could．For instance, during the years of national military service it was possible
to test the intelligence(智力)of all male 18 - to - 20 - year - olds． Half of those soldiers who were
placed in the two highest ability groups had left school at 15.
It has also been shown that the percentage of working class children going to university is almost
the same now as it was in 1939．One study of 5,000 children from birth to 21 years old shows that
up to half the bright pupils from working class homes left school when they reached 16 years old．
Moreover, there is no difference in intelligence between the sexes, but far more boys than girls stay
in education after 16.
It is clear from this and many other proofs that many children are still leaving school too early to
benefit from the prizes-money, social respectability, and interesting jobs-which higher education gives．
It is clear too that the reasons why such children leave have much to do with their social background．
Their parents often need the extra money another money-earner would bring in; they don"t value
education for itself because their own was probably dull and unhappy．It is not so much that they
force their sons and daughters to leave school, rather that they tend to say, "it"s up to you".
B．the same chances in society
C．the right to a better school
D．higher scores in intelligence tests
B．those with the least money get the best education
C．intelligent children are always selected by the system
D．only really clever children do well
B．fewer go to university than ever before
C．more than half leave school when they are 16
D．fewer boys than girls stay at school after 16
B．they have to give something to their family"s income
C．their school is a dull and unhappy place
D．their parents don"t allow them to make their own decisions
B．has not yet been achieved
C．is there for those who deserve(值得拥有)it
D．has greatly improved our society
Today, the world is rapidly urbanizing. With half of the world population expected to live in cities by
the early part of the 21st century, the Shanghai 2010 World Expo"s focus on a better city bears
profound meaning.
What might future cities look like 28 years from now? Here are some scenarios: things to come, things
to go.
Zero waste
Waste disposal is one of the biggest headaches for cities.Apart from recyclable waste, everything is
buried or incinerated, only to pollute the environment.Plastic waste remains underground for several
decades.The world produces much more garbage that it can dispose of.
Now at the Expo, all waste is delivered to a compression station where the waste is sorted, filtered,
decontaminated, deodorized and compressed before finally being disposed of at designated spots.In
Beijing, people living in the Asuwei area turn their household waste into organic fertilizers which are
used to grow plants at residence communities.
No more transportation problems during Spring Festival
The Spring Festival, the most important Chinese holiday when everyone returns home, has caused
headaches for millions of Chinese.More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making obtaining
travel tickets and the journey difficult.
But in 28 years.Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all.China plans to have more than
120,000 kilometers of railway and a rapid transportation network that will serve 90 percent of the
population by 2020.And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other
places to find a job, so migration will no longer be so large-scale.
Newspapers to disappear
American scholar Philip Meyer predicts that newspaper will come to an end in 2043.Utagawa
Reizou, former editor-in-chief of The Mainichi Daily News.believes that the newspaper will be gone
in 2030. This kind of prediction may worry those in print news business. In the U.K., the circulations
of national newspapers are declining. Major Japanese newspapers have gone into debt. In the US,
declining circulations and ad revenues have forced several newspapers to stop printing paper
Editions
Media tycoon Rupert Murdoch thinks the future of media relies on interaction through the Internet.
In the future, digital newspapers will be sent to portal web terminals through wirelessly.Readers can
discuss issues with journalists and editors.Information will move faster.
Oil to run out
In August 2009, Fatih Birol, chief economist of the International Energy Agency, said that oil is
running out faster than expected and that the world will likely feel the tightness in supply in the next five
years. Scientists have found substitutes for oil as fuel,coal,natural gas,solar power, nuclear power and
even water can replace oil as sources of energy.Flammable ice reserves alone can support humans for
the next 1,000 years.
1.By now, the world population in cities has grown to about _____.
A. 6.9 billion
B. 0.75 billion
C. 3.5 billion
D. 1.3 billion
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Everything buried or incinerated, besides recyclable waste, pollutes the environment.
B. People deal with their household waste in an environmental-friendly way in the Asuwei area, Beijing.
C. More than 2 billion people suffer from headaches during the Spring Festival in China.
D. By 2020, 90 percent of the population will have to go to other places to find a job.
3.According to the American predictor Philip Meyer, what will happen in 2043?
A. Newspaper will disappear.
B. Japan has to stop printing newspaper.
C. Digital newspaper will be sent to portal web terminals.
D. Information will move faster.
4._____ can replace oil as sources of energy in the future.
A. Coal and natural gas
B. Solar power and nuclear power
C. Water and flammable ice reserves
D. All the above
5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Shanghai 2010 World Expo
B. What will city life be like in 28 years
C. A rapidly urbanizing world
D. Things to come, things to go
阅读理解。
We have known for some time that college students coming from Japan and Taiwan to study in the
United States do better than their American peers(同龄人)in maths and science. These general
impressions of Asian superiority(优势)in mathematics and science were proved by studies were made
in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
In these studies, the average score of American kindergarteners was below those from Japan. In first
grade the difference increased, and by fifth grade it was very large.Moreover, 60 fifth grade classes in
Japan, Taiwan, and the United States were compared in mathematics. The average score of the highest
scoring American classroom was below that of all the Japanese classrooms and all but one of the Chinese classrooms.
Why is this so? Are the Asian students born smarter? A series of studies in 1986 and 1987 raised
these questions, and their findings seem to point the American and Asian school systems have certain
features in common. But the differences are striking. Test scores on nationwide examinations determine
entry into high school and college in both Japan and Taiwan, but not in the United States. Career paths
too are more closely linked to educational achievements in Japan and Taiwan. As a result, far more
pressure is given to even very young children to study hard and succeed in school in both Japan and
Taiwan than those in the United States.
These are also striking differences in classroom instruction. By fifth grade,for example,t he U. S.
children were observed to spend an average of only 19.6 hours per week in academic activities in
comparison with the Taiwanese and Japanese children of 40.4 and 32.6 hours per week, respectively.
What is more,the U. S.children spent less of their academic time on mathematics. By fifth grade ,the
U. S.classrooms averaged 3.4 hours per week on maths compared to 11.4 hours in Taiwan and 7.6
hours in Japan.
1. The primary purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. show Asian superiority in maths and science to the American students
B. compare the American educational practices with those of Asians
C. warn the American government of the educational problems
D. criticize the American educational system
2. Asian students in the U. S.do better in maths and science than their American peers because________.
A. Americans are less interested in maths and science than Asians
B. Asian students are cleverer than the American children
C. Asian students spend more time in academic activities
D. All of the above
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the differences between the American and the Asian school
systems? ________
A. Entrance into high school does not depend on test scores on national exams in the U. S..
B. Academic achievements are more closely related to jobhunting in Asian countries.
C. Children start kindergarten earlier in Asian countries than in the United States.
D. Asian students pay more attention to classroom activities than Americans.
apart. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different 100 years ago.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the
extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living
under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children.
Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in "traditional" families, that is, a
stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in two-paycheck families, single-parent families, adoptive or foster, families, blended families (where men and women who were
married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into the new families),child
less families, and so on.
What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthrate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go to college and take jobs outside the
home. In the 1930s and 1940s, many families faced serious financial, or money problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost their jobs. During World War II(1939-1945),5 million women were
left alone to take care of their homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of
these "war widows" had to go to work outside their home.
During the next ten years, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a
younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work
outside the home during the years when her children were growing up. Families began leaving cities and
moving into single-family homes in the suburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning.
In the years between 1960s and 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the
family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the divorce rate doubled and the birthrate fell by half. The
number of single-parent families tripled, and the number of couples living together without being married
doubled again. In fact, the single-parent household, once unusual, has replaced the "traditional" family as
the typical family in the States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the twenty-first century.
The Changes of the American Family
| Main comparisons | Contexts | |
| Different 1 | There were two 2 types of families in the past, namely, the extended and the 3 . | |
| Nowadays 4 types of families can be seen than before. | ||
| 5 in different periods. | In the 1900s and 1940s | Many of the women had to work outside due to the 6 of money., thus causing the fall of 7 and the rise of divorce rate. |
| In the 1950s | Divorce rate slided and there were more children. The families returned to be 8 again. | |
| In the years between 1960s and 1990s | Different types of families occurred. Traditional families are no longer the__9 ones in America. | |
| A trend worth noting | ||
| Author"s opinion on changes | The present structure is temporary. 10 from history, we know it will experience changes again in the near future. | |
| 阅读理解。 “Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell.” This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unknown citizen who lived in Rome in AD 52 wrote it. We all love new inventions. They are exciting, amazing and can even change our lives. But have all these developments really improve the quality of our lives? Picture this: You’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How calm and happy do you feel? Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they lead simpler lives. One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10, and Tomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave, computer or mobile phones. The grandmother, Lyn, said, “It was hard physically, but not mentally.” She believed life w  as less materialistic. “The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes,” She said. The boys said they fought less to fight over, such as their computer. Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a “fashionable, beer-drinking granny, to one who cooked things.” Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions! Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every day. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying. 1．The passage is mainly about . A．problems with technology B．improvements of our life with technology C．the important roles technology plays in our everyday life D．major changes which will be likely to happen to technology 2．The writer quoted what a citizen in ancient Rome said at the beginning of the story in order to . A．share a truth about life B．tell us what life was like long time ago C．make us wonder what causes such a thing to happen D．point out that you experience some big problems and they may be the same 3．The family chose to spend some time in a 1940’s house because . A．they liked to live simple lives B．they were curious about how people lived without modern inventions C．they were troubled by modern inventions D．living in a different time would be a lot of fun for them 4．What does the word “available” in the suggestion offered by the writer mean? A．Busy on line B．Free C．Be able to D．Be found by others. | ||
| 阅读理解 | ||
Counterfeit (假的) medicines are a widespread problem in developing countries. Like other counterfeits, | ||