题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
The United States, unlike other nations, has never had the same school standards across the country. What is the reason? Education is not discussed in the Constitution. That document limits the responsibilities of the federal government. Other responsibilities, like education, fall to each state.
Local control of education probably was a good idea two hundred years ago. People stayed in the same place and schools knew what students needed to learn. But today, people move to different cities. And some people work at jobs that did not exist even twenty years ago.
Many American educators say that getting a good education should not depend on where you live. They say that some states have lowered their standards in order to increase student scores on tests required by the No Child Left behind Act.
Kara Schlosser is communications director for the CCSSO. She says the new standards clearly state what a student should be able to do to be successful in college and work.
Forty--eight states have already shown approval for the standards. Two states refuse to accept the idea. Critics say that working toward the same standards in every state will not guarantee excellence for all. Some educators in Massachusetts say adopting the national standards will hurt their students because the state standards are even higher. Others say the change will be too costly, requiring new textbooks and different kinds of training for teachers. Still others fear federal control.
Supporters say the standards are goals and do not tell states or teachers how to teach. They also say the federal government is not forcing acceptance. However, approving the standards will help states qualify (取得资格) for some federal grant money.
小题1:What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Local Control of Education Standards out of Date |
| B．American National Education Standards under Consideration |
| C．Education Standards in Each State--Good or Bad. |
| D．Acceptance of the New Standards in the United States |
| A．Because local standards are limited. |
| B．Because it is required by the federal government. |
| C．Because people today moves among states more often than before. |
| D．Because America has never had the same school standards throughout the country. |
| A．the standards are higher than those of each state |
| B．they are not yet prepared for the new standards |
| C．the standards may prevent some students gaining excellence |
| D．they don"t want the federal government to train their teachers |
| A．more students | B．advice on how to improve teaching |
| C．better textbooks | D．money from the federal government |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
试题分析：文章讲述了美国教育标准，各个州不一致，美国正在考虑将各个州的教育标准统一起来，但是遭到了一些州的反对，而联邦政府也不强行推行统一。对于同意接受统一标准的州，将得到联邦政府的财政资金。
小题1:主旨题。本文主要介绍了美国人教育家们正在试图将教育标准统一起来，而有些州并不赞同，所以这个标准正在考虑中，故选B
小题2:细节题。从第三自然段But today, people move to different cities. And some people work at jobs that did not exist even twenty years ago.可知，人们现在经常从一个城市搬到另一个城市，移居更频繁了，所以当地的教育控制已经不适用了，故选C
小题3:细节题。倒数第二自然段Critics say that working toward the same standards in every state will not guarantee excellence for all. 可知，这些标准可能会阻止一些学生获得优异的成绩，故选C
小题4:细节题。最后一段However, approving the standards will help states qualify (取得资格) for some federal grant money.可知，如果接受，将获得联邦政府的财政资金。故选D
点评：此类文体首先对美国社会的教育现象进行说明阐述，对各方的观点也进行了说明。本文不难，对于此类的说明文的阅读，学生需要先采用将第一自然段及下面每段的第一句话进行阅读，进而看第一题，第一题如果是主旨类的题型可先不做，做第二题。如此带着问题在文章中找答案，既节约时间又正确率高。
核心考点
试题【Americans are thinking about national education standards recently developed by 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Sometimes you remember things that really did not happen. One morning last week, for example, I got up and found that I had left the front door unlocked all night, yet I clearly remember locking it carefully the night before.
Memory “trick” work the other way as well. Once in a while you remember not doing something, and then find out that you did. One day last month, for example, I was sitting in a barber（理发师）shop waiting for my turn to get a haircut, and suddenly I realized that I had got a haircut two days before at the barber shop across the street from my office.
We always seem to find something funny and amusing（有趣的）in incidents caused by people’s forgetfulness or absent-mindedness. Stories about absent-minded professors have been told for years, and we never got tired of hearing new ones. Unfortunately, however, absent-mindedness is not always funny. There are times when “trick” of our memory can cause us great trouble.
小题1:If you want to have a good memory, .
| A．you should force yourself to remember things |
| B．you should make a conscious effort of practice and exercise |
| C．you should never stop learning |
| D．you should try hard to remember tings |
| A．One night the writer forgot to lock the front door. |
| B．One night the writer forgot having locked the front door. |
| C．The writer remembered to lock the door. |
| D．the writer remembered unlocking the front door. |
| A．forgetting things is serious and dangerous |
| B．always forgetting things is understandable |
| C．forgetting things at times is natural |
| D．the way to protect yourself from memory “tricks” |
| A．How to Get a Good Memory |
| B．“Tricks” Of Memory |
| C．Forgetfulness and Absent-mindedness is Dangerous |
| D．Get Rid of Absent-mindedness |
Over the Spring Festival holiday there was a big effort to get people to curb their habit of ordering too much food in restaurants because a lot of that food ended up being wasted. Holiday eaters were urged to “clean their plates” and were asked to take leftover food home in “doggy bags.”
The impetus behind the campaign was the startling government statistic that over 200 billion yuan is spent every year on food that ends up in the garbage bin. And in the midst of all this waste, statistics show that 128 million people are living below the poverty line and going hungry.
The “clean your plate” campaign is part of a worldwide effort to stop precious food from being wasted. The United Nations estimates that $1trillion (yes, that’s a very big number) worth of food is wasted each year. Most of that is lost during food production and transportation, but a significant percentage is attributed to waste by consumers. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) has launched a campaign called “Think. Eat. Save.” to make people aware of the problem.
Chinese actress Fan Bingbing is an ambassador for UNEP and she encouraged people to upload pictures of their “clean plates” to show their support for the program. Thousands of people responded and demonstrated that they had a clear conscience to go along with their full stomachs.
Xi Jinping, the incoming Chinese president, is also urging people to be less wasteful and he told Party members to cut back on extravagant holiday banquets and to be more careful when spending the people’s money.
For some, though, Xi Jinping’s and Fan Bingbing’s admonitions don’t go far enough. Yuan Longping, an agricultural scientist, caused a stir by saying that wasting food should be treated as a crime. (Jail time for leftover chicken feet!?)
If not a crime, wasting food is certainly a sin and it goes against what Xi Jinping calls, “the Chinese tradition of being diligent and thrifty.” Having a “clean plate” is just a traditional and responsible thing to do.
小题1:Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
| A．Over 200 billion yuan is wasted every year on food around China. |
| B．It’s quite common for Chinese people to order more food than they need in restaurants. |
| C．It’s universally acknowledged that wasting food is a crime. |
| D．Fan did something to promote people’s awareness of saving food. |
| A．Food is important. | B．Have you cleaned your plate? |
| C．Jail time for leftover chicken feet!? | D．Wasting food is crime. |
Behind the materialistic aspect of shopping for gifts lies the idea of caring, being attentive to the desires of special people in our lives. However, to use a well-worn play on words: it is our presence, not our presents, that truly counts. Many of us, unfortunately, can be so inattentive, even in the presence of our loved ones, that we might as well not be there at all.
Attention is one of the greatest gifts we can give each other. Companies around the globe spend billions every year on advertising to catch our attention for just a short moment at a time. Whole industries – media, entertainment, education – rely on the precious gift of our attention for their continued existence. A baby lacking attention for a long time is likely to he psychologically unhealthy.
In earlier times, both diet and attention could be left unregulated without major cause for concern. There were natural checks and balances: limited availability of food meant few got fat, for example. Similarly, in bygone times we might have spent a few hours communicating with the village storyteller, today, watching an entire TV series, while speaking to nobody, is common. In traditional societies, with smaller population, everyone would get a fair deal of attention. On many issues we might go to see Grandma or Grandpa; now we have Google and Wikipedia.
“She just wants attention.” people tend to think little of those doing things simply for attention. But the truth is that human beings need attention, and giving attention to each other is, to a large extent, what human civilization is based upon. This perhaps explains the runaway success（一举成功）of social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook. While we use such sites for “micro blogging”, “idea voicing” and “status updates” – the reality is that we are often doing no more or less than fulfilling our basic human drive for attention exchange.
I friend you, you friend me, I retweet you, you retweet me. The charming case with which we can now get and give attention is why many people appear overly attached to their smartphones. It is also a vicious（恶性）circle. As ever more people are busy exchanging attention online, there is increasingly less attention to be paid in the real world, which forces more people to seek their attention exchange online, or else risk attention-starvation.
The very nature of attention exchange is being rapidly transformed, and there is a danger that some of us will develop unhealthy practices. Just as eating red meat every day is a bad idea, so it is with too much attention exchange. The biological consequences of our technological advancement in food production are highly visible; heart disease, diabetes and obesity. The consequences of our transformed attention exchanges will be psychological and social, and so may take longer to identify, but they will be equally damaging.
Face-to-face attention is becoming rarer, and therefore more valuable. In a sense it is priceless. And it is a gift that can be given all-year-round.
小题1:In the first two paragraphs the author .
| A．offers advice to attention givers | B．analyses the present problems |
| C．states the necessity of presents | D．puts forward his point of view |
| A．obtain information | B．give attention to others |
| C．voice their opinions | D．notice and get noticed |
| A．limited availability of food | B．natural checks and balances |
| C．a much smaller population | D．the guidance from old people |
| A．More people will risk attention-starvation in future. |
| B．The nature of attention exchange is rarely changed. |
| C．Technological advancement contributes to all diseases. |
| D．Transformed attention exchanges do harm to society. |
| A．advocate more focus on real life attention |
| B．analyze the necessity of attention giving |
| C．give practical tips on attention exchange |
| D．recommend some social networking sites |
By contrast, the majority of their male counterparts（地位相当者） visit only one country and tend to travel in groups, says a survey by the Gap Year company, which provides information and services for students considering taking a year out．
More women than men say that their prime reason for taking time off is to see the world and experience different cultures．Men are more likely to rank “having fun” higher on their list of priorities．Women are more likely to value the challenge of a foreign trip, and many cited reasons such as learning a language and meeting new people．
The more adventurous gap years taken by women seem to work to their benefit; more than three quarters of those surveyed have reported increased confidence, self-reliance（自立） and independence, whereas only half of the men had that experience．
The research also shows that women are more likely to do voluntary work while travelling, with more than one in ten helping with teaching or development projects．One of the reasons given for this is a wish to see the country in an authentic light．
A greater proportion of women than men face objections or criticism from their families over their gapyear plans．Among the men surveyed, lack of money is the main barrier to travel．
Carolyn Martin, a doctor from London,is a typically confident female traveller．Starting in Cape Town, she travelled around southern Africa and Australia with a string of unusual and sometimes dangerous jobs．
“I had one job chasing elephants off the runway in Africa by banging a stick against a pan，” she recalled．“It was OK but one day I did get chased by one．”
She said that she had travelled alone because “you meet more people”．
小题1:By referring to “gap year” the writer means ________．
| A．a gap you come across after leaving high school |
| B．a time when you are caught in a dilemma between work and study |
| C．a period after you find a job upon your graduation from college |
| D．a year off between high school and college for certain purposes |
| A．selections | B．attractions | C．preferences | D．projects |
| A．Men students will travel less during the gap year because of their part-time jobs． |
| B．Women students will travel more but face more objections． |
| C．The article suggests that women travelling alone will have dangerous experiences． |
| D．Men students prefer to travel inside their own country to going abroad． |
| A．Girls Get the Best out of Gap Years |
| B．Boys Lack Courage in Gap Years |
| C．For Fun or for Adventure? |
| D．Young Women Are More Adventurous |
__42____, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and ___43__what we have with those less lucky than ourselves． But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, ___44___ one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea． Quite a few people will not give to beggars． Let us look at their ___45__．
First, some believe that many city beggars dress up ___46___ to look pitiable and actually make a good ___47___ from begging． Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil（恶行）． __48___, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs． Thirdly, there is the opinion__49____there is no real excuse for begging． One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of ___50___ and self-dependence．
Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be handled by the government __51____ordinary people． Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and __52____ help．
It is hard to come to any final conclusion: there are various __53___and we must __54___ them differently． A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the__55____．
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