题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main classes are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought(主动提供的) goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France (wine, for example) should be a specialty goods in the United States.
People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought without enough thinking; someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae(圣代) on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.
Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.
Shopping goods fall into two classes; those that are recognized as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as essentially different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style and fashion will either take precedence(优先) over price, or they will not matter at all.
小题1:It can be learned from the first paragraph that ______.
A.a writer needs a word processor |
B.needs and wants can’t be separated clearly |
C.the way to distinguish the products is unimportant |
D.a computer is a need rather than a want |
A.goods are classified differently in different countries |
B.the types of the product lie on the people rather than its nature |
C.Frenchmen often drink but Americans sometimes do |
D.one product may belong to many types |
A.are convenient to purchase |
B.are purchased without enough thinking |
C.people “want but don’t need” |
D.people are in constant need of |
A.consumers don’t care where to buy them |
B.consumers spend much time searching for |
C.satisfy similar needs of the consumer |
D.can be found in nearly every shop |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:C
解析
试题分析:文章介绍在当今物质繁荣的社会,满足人们需要和需求的商品之间的区别已经变得模糊,购买类商品分为两类:一类是大体上被认为是一致的;一类是被认为不一致的。
小题1:推理判断题 根据第一段第二句...the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs.可知,第一段主要是阐述"需求和需要不能被清楚地区分开来",故选B
小题2:推理判断题 第二段说到,It must be emphasized that all of these types ...not on the nature of the products themselves,接下来,就以wine为例加以说明,因此B)"产品类型取决于人,而不是产品的本质"为最佳答案。选B
小题3:细节题:从第三段的句子:Such regularly purchased items are called staples.可知Samples指的是人们不断的需求的商品,D正确。
小题4:推理判断题 根据第五段首句及第二句Items that are looked upon as basically the same include...,该句中的item就是指第一句提到的shopping goods,我们可以知道,基本一样的购买类商品就是指人们都可能需要的诸如家具、电视机之类的商品,因此是迎合顾客类似需求的商品",选C
核心考点
试题【The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that s】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
According to a study by SallieMae, 84 percent of undergraduate students have credit cards, and by the time they are seniors, they have accumulated US$4,100 in debt, on top of whatever student loans they may have taken out.Credit cards are the most convenient form of payment, and they are aggressively marketed to college students. Reportedly, a typical college student carries 4.6 credit cards and US$3,173 in credit card debt.
Credit cards seem to be a fact of life, not just student life. In the long term, using a credit card properly and paying off the balance can help establish a card history and increase your credit score, which will come in handy when you need an important loan, for a house or car, for example. Your credit score can affect even unrelated things like insurance rates. Credit cards also offer more protection for users than debit cards (借记卡).Under federal law, the credit card holder is only responsible for the first US$50 in fraudulent(欺诈的)purchases in cases of theft or loss. However, debit card users are responsible for the first US$500.
SallieMae found some good news in the fact that two thirds of students had discussed credit issues with their parents, but 84 percent said they needed more information. Those who didn’t get any guidance were more likely to be surprised when they found out how much they owed.
While credit cards offer the easiest access to money, they make it easy to live outside your means. Less than a fifth of students surveyed paid off their balance every month, and carrying a balance brings finance charges, sometimes at a very high interest rates.
SallieMae found that almost 40 percent of students chose their first credit card based on direct mail, which is probably why students get credit card offers in the mail. But when the credit card offers flow in, be sure that you read the fine print. Offers of low or no interest rates can disappear, leaving you a debt that climbs beyond your ability to pay it off.
小题1: What does the first paragraph imply?
A.Most of the senior students are shocked to see how much they owed. |
B.Students can only take out loans from credit cards. |
C.Most of students’ loans come from credit cards. |
D.Credit cards have a bad effect on college students. |
A.bring trouble | B.make mistakes | C.be important | D.be useful |
A.Many students’ first credit card is based on direct mail. |
B.It costs the banks little to mail out credit cards. |
C.Students don’t like to go to the bank to open a credit card account. |
D.Banks have no other way to let students use their credit cards. |
A.The advantages of using debit cards. |
B.The similarities between credit cards and debit cards. |
C.The advantages of using credit cards. |
D.Credit cards are the most convenient form of payment. |
The Millennium Village project was created to help reach the Millennium Development Goals, which were set by the United Nations in 2000. The plan is to get people out of poverty, assure(确保)them of access to health care and help them stabilize the economy and quality of life in their communities. The goals are supposed to be met by 2015; some other targets are set for 2025. But our first sight of Sauri showed us there was plenty of work to do.
On that day in 2004, we followed the village leaders into Yala Sub-District Hospital. It wasn’t in good shape. The rooms were packed with patients who probably wouldn’t receive treatment, either because the hospital did not have it or the patients could not afford it. There was no running water or electricity in the hospital. It is hard for me to see people sick with preventable diseases who are near death when they shouldn’t have to be. I just get scared and sad.
Malaria(痢疾)is one disease, common in Africa, which is preventable and treatable. Mosquitoes carry malaria, and infect people by biting them. Kids can die from it easily, and adults get very sick. Mosquitoes that carry malaria come at night. A mosquito net, treated with chemicals that last for five years, keeps malarial mosquitoes away from sleeping people. Each net costs $5. There are some cheap medicines to get rid of malaria too. The solutions are simple, yet 20,000 kids die from the disease each day. So sad, and so illogical. Mosquito nets could save millions of lives.
We walked over to see the farmers. Their crops started to die because they could not afford the necessary fertilizer(肥料)and irrigation. Time and again, a family will plant seeds only to have an outcome of poor crops because of lack of fertilizer and water. Each year, the farmers worry: Will they harvest enough food to feed the whole family? Will their kids go hungry and become sick?
Many kids in Sauri didn’t attend school because their parents couldn’t afford school fees. Some kids are needed to help with housework, such as fetching water and wood. In 2004, the schools had minimal supplies like books paper and pencils, but the students wanted to learn. They all worked hard with the few supplies they had. It was hard for them to concentrate, though, as there’s no midday meal.
Great changes have taken place in these years. Today, Yala Sub-District Hospital has medicine, free of charge. Water is connected to the hospital, which also has a generator(发电机)for electricity. There are no school fees, and the school now serves midday meals for the students. The attendance rate is way up. All this is encouraging supporters of the Millennium Villages project.
There are many solutions to the problems that keep people poor. What it will really take is for the world to work together to change poor areas forever. When my kids are my age, I want this kind of poverty to be a thing of history. It will not be an easy task. But Sauri’s progress shows us all that winning the fight against poverty is achievable in our lifetime.
小题1:In Paragraph 1, the writer describes the kids’ clothes to show that _________________.
A.local children spent a lot of time outside |
B.local parents were not responsible |
C.local villagers were very poor |
D.local villagers were very friendly |
A.Medical conditions. | B.Agriculture. |
C.Education. | D.Economy. |
A.Many. | B.Few. | C.Colorful. | D.Various. |
A.kids lacked energy to study attentively |
B.many kids dropped out of school |
C.kids made more efforts to study hard |
D.many kids had to go back home for lunch |
A.the education in an African village |
B.the schools and hospitals in an African village |
C.the poverty and the progress of an African village |
D.the author’s car journey to an African village |
By 1908, the United States was the industrial nation in the world that lacked workers’ compensation insurance. American’s injured workers could seek in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. , employees had to prove that their injuries directly employer’s lack of care and they themselves were ignorant about potential danger in the workplace. The first state workers’ compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon throughout the nation.
After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national to study the problems workers’ compensation. Two years later, the committee issued 19 key recommendations, one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages.
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But it’s a different story for today’s teens. In January, the U.S. Department Transportation released 2012 data that showed only 30.7 percent of U.S. teens got their license at age 16, Twenty years before, that number was almost 45 percent.
There are numbers of reasons for the fall – off. The growing responsibilities like paying for insurance and high gas prices discourage teens from getting behind the wheel. Plus, many teens today are so busy with homework, endless hours of activities and part-time jobs, that finding the time for Driver’s Ed classes may be more difficult that ever.
In addition, many states have raised the driving age, or restricted when teens can drive and who they can have in the car. Parents may also be making their own personal restrictions until they feel their teens are responsible enough to drive safely.
Driving is part of the American culture, but it’s not the central focus like it was 25 years ago. They have so many other things to do now. One of the more interesting factors delaying teens driving might be the change of their social life. Today, teens need to look no further than Face book or other social networking sites to connect with their friends. There is simply less need, maybe less desire, to be able to grab the keys and go.
Michelle Wei got her license as a senior in high school because her digital social life made it easy not to drive. “If I couldn’t get a ride to see my friend who lives a town over,” the 19-year-old said, “I could talk on IM or Skype.”
Research has shown that these online relationships can lead to higher quality friendships, so it isn’t necessarily a bad thing. However, it’s important to find a balance. If old face-to-face friendships are good, why not drive to find them?
小题1:We can infer from the first paragraph that _______ .
A.Driver’s Ed classes allowed teens to know what maturity was |
B.getting a driving license at 16 was a must for American teens |
C.16 was considered an age when one could get his driver’s license |
D.teens could drive on the road without taking Driver’s Ed classes |
A.Desire to drive on the road declines among American teens. |
B.Getting a license costs much more than ever before. |
C.Social networking sites are changing the life of American teens. |
D.American teens are becoming more responsible than ever. |
A.why American teens are crazy about digital social life |
B.what social networking websites are bringing to American teens |
C.to what degree the Internet is affecting the American car culture |
D.what the Internet does to help teens to get a driving license |
A.the Internet has a bad effect on the teen’s social life |
B.teens should keep a balance in choosing their lifestyle |
C.actual contacts can be replaced by talking on line |
D.face-to-face friendship is always the best choice |
Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa"s government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government officials whenever they move.
Countries set up Customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a Customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas(签证). Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay.
Many of those barriers to travel also act as barriers to communication. When two governments disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret.
Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate, and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever before. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas.
小题1:The examples in paragraph 2 are used to tell the readers that _______
A.Customs posts are necessary at the borders of the countries |
B.people have been allowed to travel freely within the country |
C.people have not been permitted to travel freely for various reasons |
D.travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas |
A.they think such freedom will lead to wars |
B.they more often than not agree with each other on important matters |
C.they intend to keep their national secrets unknown to others |
D.they want to show their authority over communication |
A.people do not care about the removal of barriers between countries. |
B.people can not remove the obstacles made by themselves |
C.barriers should be taken for granted as they always exist |
D.man-made barriers are sometimes harder to overcome than natural ones |
A.Functions of Communication | B.Barriers Made by People |
C.Restrictions on Transportation | D.Progress of Human Society |
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