German Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his and diplomatic talent, but his contributions to the society include many of today’s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, other European nations, an unusual outbreak of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing . in part by Christian sympathy for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to get the of the socialist labor movement, Bismarck the world’s first worker’s compensation law in 1884.
By 1908, the United States was the industrial nation in the world that lacked workers’ compensation insurance. American’s injured workers could seek in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. , employees had to prove that their injuries directly employer’s lack of care and they themselves were ignorant about potential danger in the workplace. The first state workers’ compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon throughout the nation.
After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national to study the problems workers’ compensation. Two years later, the committee issued 19 key recommendations, one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages.
| 小题1: | | A．artistic | B．literary | C．military | D．economic |
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| 小题2: | | A．along with | B．other than | C．apart from | D．rather than |
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| 小题3: | | A．experimented | B．explored | C．experienced | D．excluded |
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| 小题4: | | A．urbanization | B．revolution | | C．evolution | D．industrialization |
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| 小题5: | | A．Inspired | B．Touched | C．Organized | D．Motivated |
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| 小题6: | | A．feedback | B．statement | C．proof | D．support |
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| 小题7: | | A．discovered | B．created | C．uncovered | D．revealed |
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| 小题8: | | A．unique | B．only | C．powerful | D．most |
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| 小题9: | | A．rights | B．help | C．compensation | D．support |
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| 小题10: | | A．For example | B．However | C．Consequently | D．Moreover |
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| 小题11: | | A．resulted in | B．stood for | C．resulted from | D．deal with |
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| 小题12: | | A．spread | B．promoted | C．stretched | D．placed |
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| 小题13: | | A．put up with | B．face up to | | C．benefit from | D．keep up with |
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| 小题14: | | A．community | B．committee | C．authority | D．government |
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| 小题15: | | A．including | B．insisting | C．installing | D．investing |
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小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:D
小题6:D
小题7:B
小题8:B
小题9:C
小题10:A
小题11:C
小题12:A
小题13:D
小题14:B
小题15:A |
试题分析：文章介绍了奥托·冯·俾斯麦在1884年创建了世界上第一个工人补偿法，和美国建立劳动补偿法的情况。
小题1:考查形容词：A. artistic艺术的，B. literary文学的，C. military军事的，D. economic经济的，德国首相奥托·冯·俾斯麦以他的军事和外交天赋著名，选C
小题2:考查词组：A. along with连同，B. other than除了，C. apart from除了，D. rather than而不是，德国和其他欧洲国家一起，选A
小题3:考查动词：A. experimented实验，B. explored探索，C. experienced经历，D. excluded除了，经历了不同寻常的工作场所的死亡事件。选C
小题4:考查名词：A. urbanization 都市化，B. revolution革命， C. evolution进化，D. industrialization工业化，由于越来越多的工业化，选D
小题5:考查动词：A. Inspired激发，B. Touched感动，触摸，C. Organized组织，D. Motivated使有动机，促动，部分是受到基督教对无家可归的人的同情的促动，选D
小题6:考查名词：A. feedback反馈，B. statement陈述，C. proof证据，D. support支持，和实用的政治冲动想得到社会劳工运动的支持，选D
小题7:考查动词：A. discovered发现，B. created创造，C. uncovered揭示，D. revealed揭露，奥托·冯·俾斯麦在1884年创建了世界上第一个工人补偿法，选B
小题8:考查形容词：A. unique独特的，B. only唯一的，C. powerful强大的，D. most最多的，在1908年为止，美国是唯一没有工人补偿法的工业化国家，选B
小题9:考查名词：A. rights权力，B. help帮助，C. compensation补偿，D. support支持，美国受伤的工人可以在法庭寻求补偿，选C
小题10:考查词组：A. For example例如，B. However然而，C. Consequently结果，D. Moreover 还有，更多，他们面临很多艰巨的法律障碍，例如：工人要证明他们的受伤源于雇主的缺乏关心，选A
小题11:考查词组：A. resulted in导致，B. stood for代表，C. resulted from源于，D. deal with处理，工人要证明他们的受伤源于雇主的缺乏关心，选C
小题12:考查动词：A. spread传播，蔓延，B. promoted提升，C. stretched伸展，D. placed放置，这个项目很快就传播到整个国家，选A
小题13:考查词组：A. put up with容忍，B. face up to勇于面对， C. benefit from受益于，D. keep up with跟上，二次世界大战后，美国工人的福利不能跟上生活的费用，选D
小题14:考查名词：A. community社会，社区，B. committee委员会，C. authority官方，D. government政府，Richard Nixon总统建立了国家委员会讨论工人补偿的问题，选B
小题15:考查动词：A. including包括，B. insisting坚持，C. installing安装，D. investing投资，委员会发表了10个关键的建议，包括号召提高补偿的水平到州平均周工资的100%。选A |
核心考点
试题【German Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his and d】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
When I was growing up, 16 was always a magical age, a symbol of maturity, responsibility and of course more independence and freedom. I sat through the hours of Driver’s Ed classes eager to get out on the road. I couldn’t wait to get my driver’s license.
But it’s a different story for today’s teens. In January, the U.S. Department Transportation released 2012 data that showed only 30.7 percent of U.S. teens got their license at age 16, Twenty years before, that number was almost 45 percent.
There are numbers of reasons for the fall – off. The growing responsibilities like paying for insurance and high gas prices discourage teens from getting behind the wheel. Plus, many teens today are so busy with homework, endless hours of activities and part-time jobs, that finding the time for Driver’s Ed classes may be more difficult that ever.
In addition, many states have raised the driving age, or restricted when teens can drive and who they can have in the car. Parents may also be making their own personal restrictions until they feel their teens are responsible enough to drive safely.
Driving is part of the American culture, but it’s not the central focus like it was 25 years ago. They have so many other things to do now. One of the more interesting factors delaying teens driving might be the change of their social life. Today, teens need to look no further than Face book or other social networking sites to connect with their friends. There is simply less need, maybe less desire, to be able to grab the keys and go.
Michelle Wei got her license as a senior in high school because her digital social life made it easy not to drive. “If I couldn’t get a ride to see my friend who lives a town over,” the 19-year-old said, “I could talk on IM or Skype.”
Research has shown that these online relationships can lead to higher quality friendships, so it isn’t necessarily a bad thing. However, it’s important to find a balance. If old face-to-face friendships are good, why not drive to find them?
小题1:We can infer from the first paragraph that _______ .| A．Driver’s Ed classes allowed teens to know what maturity was | | B．getting a driving license at 16 was a must for American teens | | C．16 was considered an age when one could get his driver’s license | | D．teens could drive on the road without taking Driver’s Ed classes |
小题2:What does the passage mainly talk about?| A．Desire to drive on the road declines among American teens. | | B．Getting a license costs much more than ever before. | | C．Social networking sites are changing the life of American teens. | | D．American teens are becoming more responsible than ever. |
小题3:Michelle’s Wei’s example is used to explain ________.| A．why American teens are crazy about digital social life | | B．what social networking websites are bringing to American teens | | C．to what degree the Internet is affecting the American car culture | | D．what the Internet does to help teens to get a driving license |
小题4: The last paragraph is reminding the readers that _______ .| A．the Internet has a bad effect on the teen’s social life | | B．teens should keep a balance in choosing their lifestyle | | C．actual contacts can be replaced by talking on line | | D．face-to-face friendship is always the best choice |
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Transportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create barriers to transportation and communication. In some countries, laws stop people from moving freely from place to place.
Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa"s government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government officials whenever they move.
Countries set up Customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a Customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas(签证). Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay.
Many of those barriers to travel also act as barriers to communication. When two governments disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret.
Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate, and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever before. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas.
小题1:The examples in paragraph 2 are used to tell the readers that _______ | A．Customs posts are necessary at the borders of the countries | | B．people have been allowed to travel freely within the country | | C．people have not been permitted to travel freely for various reasons | | D．travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas |
小题2:Some governments limit the freedom of communication because___ | A．they think such freedom will lead to wars | | B．they more often than not agree with each other on important matters | | C．they intend to keep their national secrets unknown to others | | D．they want to show their authority over communication |
小题3:We may learn from the passage that _______ | A．people do not care about the removal of barriers between countries. | | B．people can not remove the obstacles made by themselves | | C．barriers should be taken for granted as they always exist | | D．man-made barriers are sometimes harder to overcome than natural ones |
小题4:Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?| A．Functions of Communication | B．Barriers Made by People | | C．Restrictions on Transportation | D．Progress of Human Society |
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Americans value competition. They believe that competition out the best in any individual. They claim that it challenges or even each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible. , the foreign visitor will see competition encouraged in the American home and in the American classroom, at the youngest age levels. You may find the placed on competition confusing, especially if you come from a society that promotes cooperation competition among individuals. But Americans teaching in the Third World countries find the lack of competition in a classroom situation equally . They soon learn that what they had thought to be one of the universal human qualities only a particularly American or Western value.
| 小题1: | | A．carries | B．brings | C．picks | D．comes |
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| 小题2: | | A．forces | B．causes | C．leads | D．teaches |
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| 小题3: | | A．Particularly | B．Occasionally | C．Consequently | D．Accidentally |
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| 小题4: | | A．even | B．still | C．only | D．already |
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| 小题5: | | A．thoughts | B．interest | C．attitude | D．value |
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| 小题6: | | A．together with | B．rather than | C．in spite of | D．along with |
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| 小题7: | | A．puzzling | B．unacceptable | C．unfortunate | D．discouraging |
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| 小题8: | | A．encouraged | B．respected | C．represented | D．Produced |
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The world would be a better place if we all had children’s eyes. This is not because children’s eyes are too sharp to allow any blot（污点，瑕疵）to pass without being , but because adults have too many conflicting concerns to keep their eyes open to all wrongdoing.
Not long before, an examination, intended to some police officers to higher positions, was held in Gansu province. Someone with a good idea that 18 primary pupils could be invited to act as invigilators (监考人). At that age, students would do as they are told and act fearlessly. , they caught 25 officers cheating on the spot, which has caused a stir (轰动，搅动) and the question of whether adult invigilators would their duties as well.
The implication of this event goes its impact on the work style of local police officers and the examinations. Most people said what these children have done points to the sad fact of being less trustworthy. If adults acted as invigilators, they would quite turn a blind eye to cheating.
We Chinese have been holding the that human nature was good at birth: as of blot as a sheet of blank paper, which can be with content (good or bad) in the process of growing up. Everything should be done on the basis of certain principles(原则). , nowadays the repeated reports of cheating in examinations, selling ranks and and embezzling (挪用) public funds paint a picture of common social morals. Adults have become too concerned with their own personal gains to basic sense of principles. When no one any principle and the only concern is personal interest, everyone will , not only those who first break the rules.
Besides, cheats are unfair to honest examinees, and when the success of cheats more people to cheat, the consequences will be disastrous.
In a word, we adults need to have our eyes as as children’s on matters of principle.
| 小题1: | | A．praised | B．dismissed | C．caught | D．thrown |
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| 小题2: | | A．develop | B．investigate | C．prevent | D．promote |
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| 小题3: | | A．caught up | B．came up | C．kept up | D．put up |
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| 小题4: | | A．Surprisingly | B．Usually | C．Safely | D．Slowly |
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| 小题5: | | A．hid | B．recommended | C．raised | D．affected |
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| 小题6: | | A．accept | B．ignore | C．refuse | D．perform |
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| 小题7: | | A．without | B．beyond | C．into | D．for |
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| 小题8: | | A．tutors | B．pupils | C．adults | D．teachers |
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| 小题9: | | A．probably | B．suddenly | C．luckily | D．gradually |
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| 小题10: | | A．opportunity | B．dream | C．belief | D．hope |
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| 小题11: | | A．free | B．busy | C．ugly | D．dirty |
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| 小题12: | | A．described | B．filled | C．purchased | D．charged |
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| 小题13: | | A．Unless | B．Therefore | C．However | D．Thus |
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| 小题14: | | A．names | B．titles | C．goods | D．products |
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| 小题15: | | A．bright | B．beautiful | C．pleasant | D．sad |
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| 小题16: | | A．care about | B．put aside | C．contribute to | D．come across |
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| 小题17: | | A．understands | B．observes | C．possesses | D．change |
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| 小题18: | | A．act | B．exist | C．suffer | D．survive |
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| 小题19: | | A．advises | B．encourages | C．warns | D．informs |
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| 小题20: | | A．beautiful | B．young | C．wide | D．clear |
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How can you build more word-of-mouth advertising (口碑广告)? In other words, why would your customers want to talk to their friends about their experience of doing business with you?
When you perform your service or deliver your product competently (出色地), you are just doing what the customer expects. In order to increase the number of the customers who want to share their good experience with their friends, you must make your service impressive, going beyond what is expected.
Recently my daughter Dawn and I had lunch with my team members at the Campbell House. The food and service were truly excellent. My daughter asked for her leftovers (剩菜) to be packed. They were returned to her in aluminum foil (铝箔) shaped like a swan(天鹅). Guess what she talked about when she got home? How much more do you think it cost the Campbell House to produce that “Wow!” experience? Answer —not a cent!
Disneyland should be an inspiration to us all in providing a “Wow!” experience. What do people talk to their friends about when they come home? “You should have seen how clean that park was! With all of the people there, it’s unbelievable! There’s not even a gum wrapper on the ground!” Walt Disney understood that cleanliness is marketing.
小题1:According to the passage, customers would like to share their good experience with their friends if ______. | A．what they need is provided on time | | B．the price of the service is low enough | | C．the service is better than they expected | | D．the after-sale service is good enough |
小题2:How did Dawn feel the moment she saw her packed leftovers? | A．Disappointed and angry. | B．Excited and crazy. | | C．Worried and unhappy. | D．Surprised and pleased. |
小题3:By saying “Answer — not a cent!” the author seems to believe that ______. | A．it is always possible to satisfy all of the customers | | B．sometimes it is easy to provide a good experience | | C．most customers are easy to do business with | | D．the service should be as cheap as possible |
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