题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
For example, someone might say, “I just a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and it for one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner, ? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought two hundred , and only one was a winner. He’s really a big !
He didn’t say anything that was , but he deliberately left out some important . That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically , but they are just as not .
Untrustworthy candidates in campaigns often use this strategy. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and three million jobs. Then she another term. One of her opponents runs an advertisement , “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” That’s true. , an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of million jobs.”
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s the law to make false claims so they try to mislead you with the . An advertisement might boast (吹嘘), “Nine out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples.” It to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.
This kind of cheat happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:A
小题6:C
小题7:B
小题8:D
小题9:B
小题10:D
小题11:C
小题12:A
小题13:D
小题14:A
小题15:C
小题16:B
小题17:B
小题18:C
小题19:D
小题20:A
解析
试题分析：这篇文章通过三个例子来讲述了一个事实：谎言可以骗人，但是真相同样可以骗人。人们要注意生活中的“half truth”也就是真假参半的陈述，不要被其蒙骗。
小题1:B 形容词辨析。A 假的；B 真实的；C 有趣的；D 枯燥的。从上下文可知文章要讲述的是利用真相来进行欺骗的情况，那么他们告诉你的应该是真实的事情，所以B选项正确。
小题2:A动词辨析。A 包括；B 包含，含有（某种成分）；C 牵扯，涉及；D 参考，提及。由下文买彩票赢钱的例子推断得知，漏掉的信息是应该包括在内的，否则会让人产生错觉。A为正确选项。
小题3:D动词辨析。A 丢失，丧失，输掉； B 找到，发现；C 捐赠；D 赢。根据后面It was great判断这个人很高兴，所以推测出他应该是买彩票赢了，正确选项为D。
小题4:A动词辨析。A 交换，换成；B 拿，带走；C 转向，变成；D 制作。从上文可知这个人买彩票赢了，所以应该是拿着面值一美元的彩票回到商店兑换成了100美元，swap…for 把….换成，所以A选项正确。
小题5:A副词辨析。A 正确，对；B 好 ; C 真地； D 尽管。由后面的We then discover that he bought two hundred …and only one was a winner.判断，此处应该表示对前面叙述情况的怀疑，所以A选项正确。
小题6:C上下文串联。A 书； B 报纸，论文； C 票，罚单；D 球，舞会。从上文I took that dollar ticket back to the store可知他买的是彩票，所以正确选项是C。
小题7:B名词辨析。A 获胜者，赢家；B 输家；C 战斗机，战斗者；D思想家。根据前面叙述可知他买了200张，才中了一张，总的来说他应该是个输家。所以正确选项为B。
小题8:D形容词辨析。A 真实的；B 真的；C 怀疑的；D 假的。从上文买彩票的例子可知这个人没说谎话，但是没有说出全部真相，而且从后面的That’s called a half-truth.也可以判断正确答案选D。
小题9:B名词辨析。A 细节；B 信息；C 错误；D 错误，过错。上面叙述的内容告诉我们买彩票的人没有说谎，但是却故意漏掉一个事实，即：他花200美元买了200张彩票，却只有一张中奖。所以漏掉的应该是一些事实信息，由此判断B选项正确。
小题10:D名词辨析。A 故事； B 真相；真理；C 事实； D 谎言。买彩票的人半真半假的陈述让人产生错觉而且后面用了转折连词but ，由此判断，half-truth会和谎言一样起到误导人的作用，所以D选项正确。句意：虽然部分真实的话不是严格意义上的谎言。选D。
小题11:C形容词辨析。A 令人愉悦的；B 令人兴奋的C 诚实的；D 聪明的。从下文选举的例子可知，政客们用half-truth去欺骗民众，让人产生错误的印象，所以half-truth应该是和谎言一样是不诚实的。从句意判断C为正确选项。
小题12:A形容词辨析。A 政治的；B商业的；C 个人的；D 公共的。由“Governor Smith’s term,candidates opponents”这些词语可以判断应该是政治活动，所以A选项正确。
小题13:D动词辨析。A 停止；B 发现，认为；C 避免；D 获得。从前面lost 判断，此处应该是意思相对的词，她的政府失去100万份工作，得到300万份工作。所以D选项正确。
小题14:A 动词辨析。A 寻求，试图；B 得到；C 实现，获得；D 寻找。下文“During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!” 她的对手对她进行不好的宣传暗示出她仍具有竞争性，应该是想再连任一届，所以A为正确选项。
小题15:C动词辨析。A 写；B 读；C 说；写着（指书面材料或者可见的东西上提供信息或指示）D 说话，演讲。广告本身不会读，写说，习惯上用read或者say等动词表示上面显示的内容，比如：The notice said“Keep Out”。所以C选项正确。
小题16:B 连接词的考查。A 否则；B然而；C 实际上；D 这边请。That’s true和后面的an honest statement would have been…,是转折关系，所以B为正确选项。
小题17:B细节考查。从上文“her state lost one million jobs and …three million jobs.”判断，工作净增长为两百万。所以B选项正确。
小题18:C介词辨析。根据常识可知广告商做出虚假的声明是违法的，所以应该用against the laws。答案选C。
小题19:D，名词辨析。A 单词，话语；B 事实；C 数据；D 真相，真理。整篇文章是讲述利用half truth来骗人，而且Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths.也是一个提示，所以判断D选项正确。
小题20:A动词辨析。A 失败；B 尝试；C 管理，设法做；D 计划。这是又一个用half truth来骗人的例子，所以他们应该是只讲述部分真实的情况，而没有提到那十个医生中有9个是为他们做事的事实。故A选项正确。
核心考点
试题【Beware of those who use the truth to cheat. When someone tells you something tha】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Several carsharing startups，including Getaround，RelayRides and JustSharelt，are eager to connect car owners with renters this way.The companies have different rules，but participating owners receive，generally speaking，about twothirds of the rental earnings.RelayRides says an owner of a midsize，latemodel sedan who rents out a car for 10 hours a week could expect to clear about $ 3,000 a year.
Peertopeer carsharing remains in the trial stage；it can be found in San Francisco and a few other places.It has a long way to go before it becomes the auto equivalent of Airbnb，the surprise success story for peertopeer sharing of space in apartments and houses.
Shelby Clark，founder of RelayRides，says potential investors in his company have been concerned that owners will be afraid to hand their car over to strangers.To address that，he points to Airbnb，saying，“Letting people sleep in your living room is much more of a disturbance into your personal space than letting someone use your car.”
All of these companies offer their own insurance coverage for their renters，which are supposed to put owners" minds at ease.But only two states—California and Oregon—have passed laws to clarify that an owner will not suffer any consequences should a carsharing renter have an accident.
“In all the other states，legal ambiguity remains，” Shelby Clark says.“If a renter should be involved in a serious accident in those states，the victim can be expected to go after every party possible，including the car"s owner.”
Also to remove the worries of car owners，the driving records of renters are checked for recent serious violations..
小题1:What does the underlined word “sedan” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
| A．A kind of car. |
| B．An owner of a car. |
| C．A renting company. |
| D．A carsharing renter. |
| A．It cares little about personal privacy. |
| B．It deals with housesharing successfully. |
| C．It is a very popular carsharing company. |
| D．Its ideas are being tried out in some states. |
| A．has to take legal responsibility |
| B．will not suffer the consequence |
| C．is not covered by health insurance |
| D．must pay the insurance for the renter |
| A．legal ambiguity is clarified in all the states |
| B．renters are warned not to violate traffic rules |
| C．more money is given to participating owners |
| D．people are aware of the importance of sharing |
| A．makes no profit |
| B．remains in popularity |
| C．is against the state law |
| D．is a new business model |
His movie, The Cove(海豚湾), directed by National Geographic photographer Louie Psihoyos, was released in the United States a month ago but has not yet to come out in Japan.
Scenes in the film, some of which were shot secretly, show fishermen banging on metal poles stuck in the water to create a wall of sound that scares the dolphins— which have supersensitive sonar(声纳系统)—and sends them fleeing into a cove.
There, the fishermen sometimes pick a few to be sold for aquarium shows, for as much as $150,000. They kill the others, spearing(刺) the animals repeatedly until the water turns red. The meat from one dolphin is worth about 50,000 yen, and is sold at supermarkets across Japan.
Greenpeace and other groups have tried to stop the hunt for years.Activists hope The Cove will bring the issue to more people internationally—and eventually in Japan.
Already，the Australian town of Broome dropped its 28year sistercity relationship with Taiji last month，partly because of the movie.
“Some regions have a tradition of eating dolphin meat，” said fisheries official Toshinori Uoya. “Dolphinkilling may be negative for our international image, but it is not something orders can stop.”
The town government in Taiji—which has made whales and dolphins its trademark—refused to comment about The Cove, or the growing international criticism against dolphinkilling.
Many in Taiji take the dolphin hunt for granted as part of everyday life. They are defensive about The Cove，seeing themselves as powerless victims of overseas pressure to end a simple and honest way of making a living.
小题1:Ric O Barry made The Cove because he wanted to ________.
| A．stop the dolphinkilling |
| B．win an international award |
| C．support Greenpeace"s efforts |
| D．make Taiji wellknown in the world |
| A．the advanced techniques to catch dolphins |
| B．the cruel and bloody dolphinkilling |
| C．the beautiful Japanese seaside town Taiji |
| D．the sale of dolphin meat around the world |
| A．Taiji broke up with its western sistercity Broome. |
| B．Japanese officials decided to ban dolphinkilling. |
| C．The town government in Taiji kept silent on criticism. |
| D．Most Japanese people were against eating dolphin meat. |
| A．Feeling guilty for killing dolphins. |
| B．Protecting themselves against criticism. |
| C．Attacking those against dolphinkilling. |
| D．Making the determination to change. |
| A．Many people in Japan have seen The Cove in the cinema. |
| B．The Cove has not influenced Japan"s international image. |
| C．Taiji"s dolphinkilling industry has been seriously damaged. |
| D．The Cove has brought international attention to dolphinkilling. |
Consumersavvy children are forcing their families into racking up huge debts and risk becoming spoilt and dissatisfied in the future.
Behavioural consultant Chris Calland said，“Parents are desperate to make Christmas into a magical fairy tale for their kids.There"s nothing wrong with that as such.The problem arises when it means always giving in to all our children"s demands—even if they are beyond our price range or not ageappropriate.”
Ms.Calland，who runs “Santa Says No” style sessions with colleague Nicky Hutchinson，added, “Many of us go into so much debt providing the gifts our children want that we spend the rest of the year paying off the bills.Yet so often the parcels we"ve carefully wrapped，once opened，are just pushed away because the very thing our little boy or girl was once so desperate for, they have now lost interest in.”
Ms. Calland and Ms.Hutchinson have drawn up a list of guidelines to help parents manage their offspring"s Christmas lists this year.They say that adults can actually improve their relationships with their children by resisting “pester (纠缠) power”．
Ms.Calland said，“All too often we say yes because we want an easier life when the fact is that we"re only building up problems for the future.We are helping create a generation of youngsters who are blind to the needs of others and the necessity of hard work.”
“Children learn fast—if we sometimes change our mind，they quickly realise it might be worth lying on the floor and screaming for it.Make sure you and your partner are working together on this.Be consistent.And try not to get caught up in competition with other families or friends.”
小题1:How is the “I want it now” generation created?
| A．Parents can"t afford the gifts for their children. |
| B．Parents become heavily in debt. |
| C．Parents are trying to make Christmas into a magical fairy tale. |
| D．Parents give children whatever they want at Christmas. |
| A．They are quite selfcentered. |
| B．They like to live in fairy tales. |
| C．They waste a lot of money on gifts. |
| D．They can"t keep their interest in gifts. |
| A．To advise on how to wrap gifts properly. |
| B．To keep children"s interest in the gifts. |
| C．To tell parents how to say no to children"s demands. |
| D．To advise parents on what gifts to buy for children. |
| A．analyze children"s behavior |
| B．give advice to parents |
| C．introduce a new generation |
| D．give her support to parents |
| A．buy nothing for children at Christmas |
| B．choose gifts carefully for children |
| C．let children choose their own gifts |
| D．avoid competing with others |
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today"s stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world"s attention.Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready.Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!
According to pyschologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B．C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold－out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film－stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome, why aren"t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are.They are tired of being famous already.
小题1:It can be learned from the passage that stars today________.
| A．are often misunderstood by the public |
| B．can no longer have their privacy protected |
| C．spend too much on their public appearance |
| D．care little about how they have come into fame |
| A．Great heroes of the past were generally admired. |
| B．The problem faced by celebrities has a long history. |
| C．Well－known actors are usually targets of tabloids. |
| D．Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers. |
| A．Availability of modern media. |
| B．Inadequate social recognition. |
| C．Lack of favorable chances. |
| D．Huge population of fans. |
| A．Sincere. | B．Sceptical. |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Sympathetic. |
And why not？Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly.The great days of Hollywood have become legendary：famous stars enjoyed fame，wealth and adulation(奉承)on an all time scale.By today"s standards，the excesses of Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular.A single gramopphone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did.The competition for the title“Top of the Pops”is fierce，but the rewards are truly huge.
It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way.Don"t the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the service they perform to their companies and their countries？Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency—often more than large industrial companies—and the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual contributions to the exchequer(国库)．So who would begrudge them their rewards?
It"s all very well for people in boring jobs to complain about the successes and rewards of others.People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.For every famous star，there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living.A man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards.He has chosen security and peace of mind，so there will always be a limit to what he can earn.But a map who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks.He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top.He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure.But he knows，too，that the rewards for success are very high indeed：they are the payback for the huge risks involved and once he makes it，he will certainly earn them.That"s the essence of private enterprise.
小题1:The author develops the passage mainly by ________.
| A．comparing different ideas |
| B．giving explanations |
| C．inferring |
| D．listing typical examples |
| A．be jealous of | B．be satisfied with |
| C．be anxious about | D．be crazy about |
| A．He who laughs last laughs best. |
| B．If you venture nothing，you will gain nothing. |
| C．He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. |
| D．Success belongs to the persevering. |
| A．People are blind in idolizing stars. |
| B．There is fierce competition in becoming pop stars. |
| C．The government taxes pop stars very little. |
| D．Pop stars" life is more luxurious than that of royalty. |
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