题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
If proved by DNA evidence, the theory will break long established beliefs about the southerly migration of people who entered America across the Bering Strait, found it empty and occupied it.
On this theory rests the belief of Native Americans to have been the first true Americans. They would be classified to the ranks of escapee, beaten to the New World by Aboriginals (土著人) in boats.
To a European, this may seem like an academic argument, but to Americans it is a philosophical question about identity, Silvia Gonzales, of Liverpool University said .
Her claims are based on skeletons found in the California Peninsula of Mexico that have skulls quite unlike the broad Mongolian features of Native Americans. These narrow-skulled people have more in common with southern Asians, Aboriginal Australians and people of the South Pacific Region.
The bones, stored at the National Museum of Anthropology (人类学) in Mexico City, have been carbon-dated and one is 12,700 years old, which places it several thousand years before the arrival of people from the North. “We think there were several migration waves into the Americas at different times by different human groups,” Dr. Gonzales said. “The timing, route and point of origin of the first colonization of the Americas remains a most contentious topic in human evolution.”
But comparisons based on skull shape are not considered conclusive by anthropologists, so a team of Mexican and British scientists, backed by the Natural Environment Research Council, has also attempted to take out DNA from the bones. Dr. Gonzales declined yesterday to say exactly what the results were, as they need to be checked, but indicated that they were consistent(一致) with an Australian origin.
小题1:It is generally considered that the first Native Americans came from ________.
A.North Asia | B.Australia |
C.South Pacific | D.South Asia |
A.the broad skull shape |
B.the narrow skull shape |
C.different features of Aboriginal Australians |
D.the same features of Native Americans |
A.likely to cause great interest | B.difficult to solve |
C.well-known to all | D.likely to cause argument |
A.Research on skulls can draw an exact conclusion. |
B.DNA tests have proved the fact that the first Native Americans came from Australian. |
C.Scientists are still not sure about the origin of the Native Americans. |
D.People began to enter America across the Bering Strait about 12,700 years ago. |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:C
解析
小题1:A 推断题。第二段的意义是“如果DNA检测证实了这个理论的话,这将动摇长期以来人们一直坚信的观点:一群往南迁徙的移民穿过白令海峡进入美洲后,发现无人在此居住,便占领了它。” 据此推断可得。
小题2:B 细节题。根据第五段表述的意思“这些头骨和美国土著居民那种蒙古人宽头骨的特征极为不同。这些窄头骨的人种和南亚人、澳洲土著和环南太平洋国家的人种有更多共同点。”可知。
小题3:D 词义猜测题。科学家一直在探讨“谁是美洲最早的土著居民”这一问题,根据上下文可猜测出,在人类进化史上,最早在美国进行殖民活动的时间、路线和人口来源是一个最“有争议的”话题。
小题4:C 事实确认题。本文提到的“新理论”和“长期以来人们一直坚信的观点”都在探讨研究之中。对于DNA检测,冈萨雷斯博士拒绝透露确切的结果,因为研究结果还需要核对,他只是暗示这些DNA和澳大利亚人的血统是吻合的。由此可确认C是正确的。
核心考点
试题【A “lost tribe” that reached America from Australia may have been the first Nativ】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly held image(印象)of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past.” We were surprised by just how positive today’s young people seen to be about their families,” said one member of the research team.” They’re expected to be rebellious(叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds; they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s more negotiation(商议) and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat.”
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends.” My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,” says 17-years-old Daniel Lazall.” I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. As long as they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with it.”Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees.”Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example, as long as I’d done all my homework ,I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenagers’ rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments,” Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in out social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over.”
小题1:What is the popular images of teenagers today?
A.They worry about school | B.They dislike living with their parents |
C.They have to be locked in to avoid troubles | D.They quarrel a lot with other family members |
A.share family responsibility | B.cause trouble in their families |
C.go boating with their family | D.make family decisions |
A.go to clubs more often with their children | B.are much stricter with their children |
C.care less about their children’s life | D.give their children more freedom |
A.may be a false belief | B.is common nowadays |
C.existed only in the 1960s | D.resulted from changes in families |
A.Negotiation in family | B.Education in family |
C.Harmony in family | D.Teenage trouble in family |
One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more cares about the student’s ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show how deeply he has thought about the subject. Sometimes, though, essay tests have disadvantages, too. Some students are able to write rather good answers without really knowing much about the subject, while other students who actually know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in the essay form.
Besides, in an essay test the student’s score may depend upon the examiner’s feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower score than he should. Another examiner reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. Because of this, the objective test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course it is easier and quicker to score.
Whether an objective test or an essay test is used, problems arise. When some objective questions are used along with some essay questions, however, a fairly clear picture of the student’s knowledge can usually be gotten.
小题1:What may have been discussed in the previous paragraphs?
A.The essay test. | B.How teachers test their students. |
C.How students write their essays. | D.The objective test. |
A.it shows more about the student’s understanding of the subject |
B.it tests the student’s knowledge of the material as well as his expression of ideas |
C.it gives each student a fairer chance |
D.its scoring may be influenced by the examiner’s feelings |
A.students may receive a lower score in an essay test |
B.another examiner usually gives the answer a higher mark |
C.different examiners may give the same essay different scores |
D.the objective test gives each student a fairer chance |
A.It is more objective than the essay test in terms of scoring. |
B.It allows the student to guess the correct answer without really knowing the material. |
C.It shows the student’s ability to think about difficult problems. |
D.It is easy and quick to score. |
Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning<推论;说服> and spatial <空间的>skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain"s files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.
Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they"re the ones that may not have shown such cognitive(认知的;认识的) decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated(旋转的) form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e.g. "object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter are typically dominated(占有主导地位的) by women.
Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders(性别), women showed obviously less decline than men overall(全部地).
小题1:The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________.
A.natural | B.great | C.obvious | D.absolute |
A.cloud | B.sheep | C.trees | D.goose |
A.Men do better than women when it comes to learning English. |
B.Women stand out at remembering people’s names. |
C.Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time. |
D.Women excel at dealing mathematic problems. |
A.the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline | |
B.people surveyed are all old | |
C.people taking part in this test came from all over the world | D.women live longer than men |
A.women’s minds perform better than men’s |
B.men’s minds decline more with age |
C.everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older |
D.a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently |
The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff(超级材料). Material science -- once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.
The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides, composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman’s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic(光学纤维的) cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
小题1:How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?
A Two B Three C Four D Five
小题2:Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
A To compare them with the new materials.
B To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.
C To compare the new materials to them.
D To explain his view point.
小题3:Why is transition difficult?
A Because transition requires money and time.
B Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
C Because research on new materials is very difficult.
D Because it takes 10 years.
小题4:Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?
A It lies in research. B It lies in investment.
C It lies in innovation. D It lies in application.
starve to death.
So important is the web to an orb-web spider"s survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved. For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs. Then, as the animal gets scrawnier(憔悴的), it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer strands(线). Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider.
The spider stores energy by recycling web protein. It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk. In studies with radioactively,labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day" web. Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down.
Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider"s highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate(无脊推动物).If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed,the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web. One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.
小题1: Which of the following best expresses the main ideas of the passage?
A.Secrets of Spiders" Adaptability | B.Importance of Webs to Spiders |
C.Secrets of the Spiders" Life | D.Spiders" Highly Preprogrammed Brain |
A.Most spiders will stop conducting webs when hungry. |
B.One Web-building spider usually conducts one web. |
C.Web-building spiders will probably die without their webs. |
D.Web-building spiders have good eyesight. |
A.it is 16 days old | B.it is getting weaker |
C.it has fewer wends | D.it hunts for food |
A.it has a highly preprogrammed brain | B.it reuses its web protein to reproduce new silk |
C.the web is everything for a spider | D.it is able to rebuild a destroyed web |
最新试题
- 1《中华人民共和国就业促进法》由十届全国人大常委会第二十九次会议于2007年8月30 日通过,自2008年1月1日起施行。
- 2东南亚是华人、华侨最集中的地区,其中华人所占的比例最高的国家是[ ]A.马来西亚B.印尼C.新加坡D.泰国
- 3生活离不开化学.下列“家庭小实验”的设计方案中,不能达到预期实验目的是( )A.用过滤法使硬水转化为软水B.将一只冷碟
- 4欧洲西部流经国家最多的国际性河流是______,欧洲西部的居民主要是______人种.
- 5下列各项中,能正确反应人体平静吸气时呼吸肌的活动情况与肺内气压变化的是( )A.肋间外肌收缩,隔肌收缩,间内肌收缩,肺
- 6听下面一段材料, 回答第1-3题。 1. How many women will take part in the At
- 7下图几何体的正视图和侧视图可能正确的是 [ ]A、B、C、D、
- 82001年中国作为亚太经合组织第九次***非正式会议的东道主,为APEC的发展作出相当大的努力。2003年,中国宣布加入
- 9比较-56与-57的大小.
- 10已知a∈R+,函数f(x)=ax2+2ax+1,若f(m)<0,比较大小:f(m+2)______1.(用“<”或“=”
热门考点
- 1如图示意我国部分铁路的分布情况。读图回答下列各题。小题1:下列关于①~④铁路沿线的叙述正确的是( )A.①~④沿线经过温
- 2Some White House staff were ______ that the president was no
- 3清王朝统中国结束的标志是A.1912年2月,宣统帝正式下诏退位B.1911年11月,袁世凯成为内阁总理C.1916
- 4下图是地图上的一段纬线,这段纬线穿过我国某地形区。据图回答问题。在该地形区修筑铁路,需要克服的主要困难有
- 5作图题(要求用直尺和圆规作图,不写出作法,只保留作图痕迹,不要求写出证明过程).已知:圆.求作:一条线段,使它把已知圆分
- 6科学家提出:如果许多人聚合在一起就某个问题各抒己见、相互交锋,就可能经过思维的碰撞,产生意想不到的效果,即1+1﹥2的效
- 7建设幸福家园,就是要坚持以人为本,维护社会公平正义,保护生态环境,建设宜居城乡,改善社会治安,保障人民权益,畅通诉求表达
- 8____ money were spent on Nanjing 3rd YangtzeRiver. [
- 9我国古代典籍里的引文前边,常常冠以“子曰”“诗云”,“子曰”就是______说,“诗云”就是《 》上说。(2分)
- 10设为常数,且,,则函数的最大值为( ).A.B.C.D.