题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The brain of an insect isn’t very big. But insects are somehow still able to make lots of important decisions. Bees, ants and roaches(蟑螂) build hives with thousands of workers doing specialized work. The jobs are done without a head or even a plan. How do insects manage this?
To solve the mystery, scientists in Belgium spent months building robotic roaches and then putting them among real roaches. The final goal of the research is to find out how the simple behavior of individuals gives rise to a collective(集体的) decision. The roach is a good starting point for trying to answer the big question because its social system is simple enough for scientists to study.
The first step was to build robots that real roaches would accept as their own. Although the robotic roaches don’t look much like the real thing, they have similarities with them in three key ways: they naturally head toward dark areas, they are influenced by the behavior of other roaches, and even more importantly, they smell like roaches.
The next step was getting the robotic and real roaches to work together on common tasks. In experiments, the robots would collectively head towards a dark place, copying the behavior of natural roaches. That got the researchers wondering: if you program the robotic roaches to go toward the lighted place, will the real roaches follow, going against their natural instincts.(本能) ?
They will – it turned out. Many of the real roaches followed the robots to a lighter shelter. But influence turned out to be a two- way street. On occasion, the real roaches were able to override the programming of the robot roaches and get them to turn into dark hiding places. Being social creatures, both the robotic and natural roaches were paying attention to and following the example set by others.
In theory, it would be possible to create a robot that could influence collective decision-making in humans. To do this, researchers would have to invent a robot that people would accept. Fortunately, the technology isn’t there yet.
69. Why do scientists choose the roaches to study?
A. Their social system is simple
B. They are social creatures.
C. They are able to build their hives quite well.
D. It is easy to create robotic ones.
70. The robotic roaches are accepted by real ones because of all the following EXCEPT that ______ .
A. they smell like real ones B. they look exactly like real ones
C. what they do are somewhat influenced by other roaches
D. they naturally head toward dark areas
71. What’s the author’s attitude to creating a robot that would influence collective decision-making in humans?
A. Uninterested B. Positive
C. Negative D. Doubtful
72. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage ?
A. Scientists’ Research B. Robotic Roaches
C. Amazing Insects D. Insects’ Social System
答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:B
解析
核心考点
试题【The brain of an insect isn’t very big. But insects are somehow still able to mak】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Ⅲ 阅读(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.
Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.
The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.
Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.
When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled — they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as the larger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.
As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.
41.Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate .
A.children’s and adults’ eye-sight
B.people’s ability to see accurately
C.children’s and adults’ brains
D.the influence of people’s age
42.When asked to find the larger circle, .
A.children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones around
B.only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones around
C.children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones around
D.adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around
43.According to the passage, we can know that .
A.a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white background
B.an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same size
C.a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real size
D.a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size
44.Visual context may work when children get older than .
A.4 B.6 C.10 D.18
45.Why are younger children not fooled?
A.Because they are smarter than older children and adults.
B.Because older people are influenced by their experience.
C.Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older.
D.Because their brain can hardly notice related things together.
What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man—by his desire for a modern way of life. We make “increasing industrialization” our chief aim. So we are always ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from countryside to cities, eager for the benefit of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.
Isn’t it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going—and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker, “I’ve some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we’re making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we’re lost and don’t know where we’re going.” The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when spoken of our modern society.
小题1:Man can’t prevent the world from being polluted mainly because .
A.many man-made materials |
B.more cars, trucks and buses |
C.more people and more industry |
D.more cities |
A.they want very much to find well-paid jobs |
B.they eager for the achievement of our modern society |
C.they have become tired of their homeland |
D.they have a strong wish to become industrial workers |
A.man knows where the society is going |
B.people do not welcome the rapid development of modern society |
C.man can do little about the problem of pollution |
D.the writer is worried about the future of our society |
A.With the development of technology, pollution has become a serious problem. |
B.Lower the speed of development to stop pollution. |
C.It’s time we did something to reduce pollution. |
D.As industry is growing fast, pollution is the natural result. |
Many parents expect their children to be perfect. By giving up this myth (神话,不可能的事), we may gain something better—the good childhood. Tameka Watkins, ___36__, seems to have a natural skill for___37__. She sits with her ten-year-old ___38___ Cornelious—nicknamed C.D.— each night as he sets about doing his homework, but she doesn’t do it for him. ___39__ he tells her what he is learning, she listens with___40___. An investigation of the National Assessment of Educational Progress found that students like C.D. who __41___ their studies at home have __42__ average reading scores. The opportunity to talk about and to reflect on (思考) what he knows will ___43__ this honor student well through his school years.
While C.D. helps his mother clear the table, they talk about what’s on his__44__. Sometimes it’s his dream of being a police officer. Tameka encourages her son’s “what if” thinking, asks about his idea for the __45__, and ties it to his current (当前的) achievements. “You know, the police __46__solve problems,” she might tell him, “just like you did in ___47__.” And when he visits his mom, who works as an exercise technician, his mother’s liking for her job___48___an example of satisfaction in a self-chosen task.
Takema is___49__ Robert Brooks call “a charismatic (有魅力的) ___50__”, one who helps the child learn about himself. “Children gather ___51___ strength and a resilient (适应能力强的) mind from this loving notice,” he says.
Not overpraised, not __52__ , not constantly rescued—__53___listened to, understood, and supported, C.D. is ___54__ the best possible gift of childhood from his __55___. It is the chance to be himself.
小题1: |
|
小题2: |
|
小题3: |
|
小题4: |
|
小题5: |
|
小题6: |
|
小题7: |
|
小题8: |
|
小题9: |
|
小题10: |
|
小题11: |
|
小题12: |
|
小题13: |
|
小题14: |
|
小题15: |
|
小题16: |
|
小题17: |
|
小题18: |
|
小题19: |
|
小题20: |
|
These medical residents provide hospitals with needed services in return for not much pay. They work under the supervision(管理) of medical professors and more experienced doctors. Medical residents treat patients . they carry out tests. They perform operations. They complete records. In hospitals with few nurses, residents also do work formerly done by nurses. Some medical residents work one-hundred or more hours in a single week. They often work for more than thirty-six hours at a time before they can rest.
Critics (批评家) of this system say medical residents work too long and do not get enough res. They say these young doctors may be too tired to perform their medical duties effectively. Now, the government will limit the number of hours of work that residents can work. Most doctors in training will be limited to eighty-four hours of work each week. They will have work periods of no more than twenty-four hours at one time. They will have ten hours of rest between work periods.
Medical residents will have one day each week when they do not have to work. Any work they accept outside their hospitals will be limited.Experienced doctors and medical professors will closely supervise the residents to make sure they are not too tired to work.
Many medical residents welcomed the work limits. Others, however, said the new policy may interfere with patient care and their own medical education.
小题1:If a first –year college student in America wants to be a doctor, he has to wait for ___.
A.4 years | B.8 years | C.at least 10 years | D.more than 20 years |
A.supervising students | B.treating patients |
C.carrying patients | D.doing operations |
A.work 36 hours every week | B.rest for 36 hours before they can go to work |
C.work continuously for 36 hours | D.take a rest every 36 hours |
A.medical residents get too much money. |
B.Medical residents should go back to school to study |
C.There are not enough work for nurses |
D.medical residents may make mistakes if they work too long. |
A.some critics | B.some medical professors |
C.some experienced doctors | D.some medical students |
• About 50% of all car journeys are just for fun.
• Over 80% people go to work by car.
• 25% car journeys are under two miles.
• 70% car journeys are under five miles.
WALKING & CYCLING
Instead of using the car for short journeys, why not walk or ride a bicycle? Walking is a most popular form of exercise—it’s healthy and it can save you money. If you work nearby, try walking or cycling instead of driving. Walking your children to school gives them valuable road experience.
BUSES
Bus companies are using new buses: some run on new fuels which produce less pollution; some have easier access for disabled and old people. There are special traffic lanes (行车道) to make bus journeys easier and more reliable. So do something to help solve the pollution problem—let the bus take you to work and your children to school.
TRAINS
All car journeys, long or short, can be hard work. For some trips it is wiser to take the train. Leave your car at home and walk, cycle or take a bus to and from the station. Train travel is fast, safe and comfortable. Train tickets are not always expensive; some are quite cheap at discount.
小题1:The writer believes that ________ can give children valuable road experience.
A.walking to school | B.travelling by train |
C.taking new fuel buses | D.having car journeys for fun |
A.Tiring. | B.Comfortable. |
C.Exciting. | D.Awful. |
A.To advise people to use cars less often. |
B.To encourage people to travel by train. |
C.To teach people how to use the buses. |
D.To tell people to obey traffic rules. |
最新试题
- 1下列关于电荷的电势能的说法中正确的是 ( )A.电荷在电场强度大的地方,电势能一定大B.电荷在电场强度为零的地
- 2直接加热酒精会发生危险。 [ ]
- 3如图a所示为某一同学测量一量程为3V的直流电压表的内电阻RV的电路图,其中RV的电阻约为几千欧,具体实验步骤如下:①把滑
- 4如图甲所示是某种“研究平抛运动”的实验装置(1)当a小球从斜槽末端水平飞出时与b小球离地面的高度均为H,此瞬间电路断开,
- 5(5分)2014年,大运河和丝绸之路将提交第38届世界遗产大会审议。目前申遗工作已进入最为关键的阶段。大运河、丝绸之路申
- 6下列有关叶绿体和光合作用的几个简单的小实验,你认为哪一个结果有科学性错误[ ]A.叶绿素的丙酮提取液放在自然光源
- 7诗文默写(1)____________,洪波涌起。(曹操《观沧海》)(2)____________,谁家新燕啄春泥。(白
- 8平面上有任意三点,过其中两点画直线,共可以画 [ ]A.1条B.3条C.1条或3条D.无数条
- 9下列句中加粗的文言实词意义相同的两项是[ ]①不念居安思危②危樯独夜舟③正襟危坐④危言危行⑤扶危济困⑥人人自危
- 10实验桌上有三瓶无色无味的气体,已知这三种气体分别是氧气、二氧化碳和空气,则区别它们的最简单方法是 [ ]A.闻气
热门考点
- 1某元素M的逐级电离能(kJ/mol)分别为580、1820、2750、11600.该元素氧化物的化学式最可能是( )A
- 2下图表示27°N某地坡向(坡度为10°)对地表获得太阳辐射的影响,纵坐标表示该地坡面与地平面获得太阳辐射量的比值(仅考虑
- 3小华同学做“探究串联电路特点”的实验,他从实验室拿了图13所示的一些器材准备进行实验(说明:图13中的固定电阻阻值大小均
- 42010年广州亚运会会徽的图样是“一只火凤凰顶着一个火红的太阳”,核心理念是“五羊圣火”,奥林匹克精神与中国特色和岭南标
- 5一废旧家用电器的某部件含有Zn、Fe、Cu三种金属,若与足量稀盐酸充分反应,过滤后剩余的金属是A.Zn、FeB.ZnC.
- 6Do you often the Internet to get some information?
- 7读“鲁尔工业区发展示意图”,回答下列问题。(8分)(1)图中字母代表的正确内容是:A ,B
- 8阅读下面文字,完成下列小题。 不知什么时候,奶奶站在了门口。她一定想说
- 9左图1为某科考队于当地时间(区时)2010年2月28日10时30分在斯瓦尔巴群岛考察时拍摄的照片,右图为拍摄地点位置图。
- 10------I thought I asked you to fix the radio.------Oh, I’m s