题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Astronomers voted on August 24 to create the first scientific definition of the word planet, and Pluto obviously didn"t make the cut. It turned out to be only a "dwarf planet" (矮行星). After weeks of heated debate, over 2,500 astronomers from 73 countries voted on the definition of a "planet" at a conference of the international Astronomical Union (IAU). According to the definition, a planet must have a clear neighborhood around its orbit. Pluto has widely been considered a planet since its discovery in 1930. Unfortunately, it has a special orbit which overlaps with Neptune"s. It is all because, compared with Neptune, Pluto is very small. It is attracted by Neptune"s gravity when the two planets get closer.
According to IAU, a "dwarf planet" should have an orbit around the Sun. It will not have a clear neighborhood around its orbit, and must not be a satellite. The new classification means that the science textbooks will have to be updated. The solar system is now made up of the eight "classical planets," together with a number of dwarf planets. The classical planets are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. The debate over Pluto"s status started in 1992. After an advanced telescope was sent into space, astronomers started find a belt of objects, which lies beyond Neptune. The belt contains nearly 1,000 objects, including Pluto. As they continued the exploration, scientists recently discovered at least 41 dwarf planets at the edges of the solar system. There are at least two objects of a similar size to Pluto.
It seems that even if the IAU had kept Pluto"s status as a planet, the classical theory of nine planets in the solar system would have had to be changed, but the other way around. More dwarf, planets of a similar size to Pluto would join the family of planets. Scientists will probably find many more dwarf planets.
小题1:According to the passage, Pluto is .
A.a planet which has a clear neighborhood around its orbit |
B.a satellite of Neptune which was discovered in 1930 |
C.the smallest planet in the solar system |
D.a planet which has an orbit around the sun |
A.tell us a small fish can hardly survive in the big pond |
B.tell us the size of an object really matters |
C.mean that a small planet can hardly exist in the solar system |
D.explain the disappearanee of Pluto in the solar system |
A.eight | B.nine | C.less than nine | D.more than nine |
A.According to definition of a "planet", if Pluto were bigger it would not have left the classic planet family. |
B.It"s quite possible for dwarfs to lose if they compete with big men |
C.Pluto has a special orbit which overlap with Neptune"s, because it is so small as to be attraeted by Neptune"s gravity when the two planets get closer |
D.A "dwarf planet", which can not be a satellite without a clear neighborhood around its orbit, should have an orbit around the Sun. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:B
解析
小题1:细节题。根据第三段第一行According to IAU, a "dwarf planet" should have an orbit around the Sun。
小题2:推理题。文章通过冥王星被排除出太阳的行星家庭告诉我们大小很重要。冥王星正是因为太小了,而被排除在外。
小题3:推理题。根据文章最后一段可知在太阳系里有另外好几个星星和冥王星差不多大,如果不把冥王星排除,那么就要有另外几个星星进入行星家庭,太阳的行星就会超过9个。
小题4:细节题。根据文章第一段可知A正确。根据第二段最后一句可知C正确。根据第三段1,2行可知D正确。B的意思和文章的内容不搭。
核心考点
试题【It is always hard for a small fish to live in a big pond. Pluto"s recent departu】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
小题1:It is _________ to see a black flower.
A.impossible | B.seldom | C.common | D.no chance |
A.black flowers are so weak that it is difficult for them to grow up. |
B.there is only eight black flowers in nature. |
C.sunlight is formed by seven different colored lights, so the wave length of each light is different. |
D.black flowers can take in the light of all the wave lengths which make them dry up because of high temperature. |
A.People have found that only a few kinds of flowers are black. |
B.Flowers are easy to be harmed by very high temperature. |
C.Red, orange and yellow flowers can also absorb the light of all wave lengths. |
D.The black flowers cannot protect themselves from sunlight. |
It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and underbushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas(热带草原). In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A.Disappearance of African elephants. |
B.Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants. |
C.The effect of African elephants’ search for food. |
D.The eating habit of African elephants. |
A.Fixing the time. | B.Worsening the state. |
C.Improving the quality. | D.Deciding the conditions. |
A.The African elephant is the largest animal on the earth. |
B.African elephants have 300 pounds of plants every day, including small trees and underbushes. |
C.The African elephant is in a way the builder of the environment like other land animals. |
D.If the African elephant disappears, the whole ecosystem won’t be affected. |
A.showing the effect and then explaining the causes |
B.pointing out similarities and differences |
C.describing the changes in space order |
D.giving examples |
Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a “memory trace(记忆痕).” What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.
Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.
One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.
小题1:We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that ___________ .
A.bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark |
B.it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of |
C.chemical substances carry certain memories |
D.memory is stored in the brain as a substance |
A.recognition | B.recall | C.memorization | D.relearning |
A.The length of the list. |
B.The type of list items. |
C.The time difference of relearning. |
D.The time difference of brain working. |
A.make the action easy | B.praise it in words |
C.reward it with food | D.weaken its motivation |
After I came back China, I discovered not one but two instant messaging crazes. The first, which brought back memories of my previous addiction to the computer, was QQ. I can see evidence that the Chinese have the same kind of separate instant messaging language, even when they chat in English. My first word in this language, for example, was “ft”. This abbreviation for “faint” is used whenever there is a need to express surprise. I also discovered that Chinese use the same kind of abbreviation for a laugh. And there is an extraordinary number of smileys (表情符) to the “vomit” and “army soldier” smileys. There is even a SARA smiley.
After QQ, there is another, perhaps more widespread messaging trend. You guessed it --- cell phone text messaging. I now understand how useful text messaging is and why it is so common. I admit that I have been guilty of sending text messages while walking outside or sitting on the subway. Who hasn’t ? No matter where I go, I see people on their cell phones, messaging. In fact, it’s rare to see someone actually talking on their phone!
So it looks as if there is no escape from the instant messaging crazes, no matter where in the world I go. And that’s plainly not going to change. In the end, though, I can’t complain: instant messaging is quick, it’s cheap, it’s easy and it’s extremely fun too. And after all, everyone’s doing it.
小题1:The underlined phrase “went out of the window” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A.increased | B.occurred | C.disappeared | D.changed |
A.Grammar and correct spelling are very important while chatting online. |
B.There are enough smileys and icons to express yourselves while chatting on line. |
C.The writer is skilled at typing and once was addicted to online games. |
D.It is impolite to leave out some unimportant words or letters while chatting online. |
A.full of fun but time-consuming |
B.widespread but unnecessary |
C.quick but difficult to do |
D.common, used and cheap |
A.Who can escape QQ and cell phone text messaging? |
B.Why is instant messaging so popular? |
C.Chatting online is good for your typing skill. |
D.Chatting on QQ is natural for people. |
The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild nonhuman species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal’s choice of playthings.
The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks. Doll play among humans could have its origins in object—carrying by earlier apes (猿类), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization.
“In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children’s toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures,” says Kahlenberg. “While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.”
In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg and Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stickcarrying. Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick. “We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls,” says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard. “If the doll hypothesis (假设) was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child. We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.”
小题1:What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?
A.She gives them to her child to play with. |
B.She treats them as dolls. |
C.She makes useful tools from them. |
D.She treats them as weapons. |
A.Sex difference. | B.Socialization. |
C.Environment. | D.Cultural difference. |
A.socialization has nothing to do with human’s choice of playthings |
B.sex difference is the only factor in human’s choice of playthings |
C.the biology factor may also influence toy choice |
D.people choose different toys in different cultures |
A.both humans and chimpanzees choose their playthings due to sex difference |
B.different factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthings |
C.only female chimpanzees have playthings |
D.chimpanzees usually choose playthings for their children |
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