题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by touching directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in separate Arctic (北极的)areas, explorers have reported being free from colds until touching again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War, soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, seldom caught colds.
In the Second World War, prisoners at Auschwitz concentration camp, bare and starved, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for a long time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in a room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in winter? Despite the most hard research, no one has yet found out the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and that makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killers such as aspirin, but all that they do is to reduce the symptoms.
小题1:The writer thinks the cause of catching cold is due to_______.
A.touching anyone directly |
B.touching anyone indirectly |
C.cold weather |
D.getting viruses from person to person |
A.they are working in the separate Arctic areas |
B.they are writing reports in terribly cold weather |
C.they are free from work in the isolated Arctic regions |
D.they are coming into touch again with the outside world |
A.suffered a lot | B.never caught colds |
C.often caught colds | D.became very strong |
A.the experiments on the common cold |
B.the mistake about the common cold |
C.the reason and the way people catch colds |
D.the continued spread of common colds |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析
试题分析:本文介绍了人们感冒的原因和患上敢买的途径。
小题1:D 细节题。根据第二段第二句They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person.说明D正确。
小题2:D 细节题。根据第二段后三行And in separate Arctic (北极的)areas, explorers have reported being free from colds until touching again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.说明这些人在北极没有感冒,与病毒接触以后才会感冒,故D项正确。
小题3:A 细节题。根据第五段volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for a long time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in a room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion.说明这些志愿者在这次活动中受了很多的折磨,故A正确。
小题4:C 主旨大意题题,本文主要讲述的就是感冒不是由寒冷引起的,而是由病毒的传染引起的。文章中的多个例子都有力地证明了这一点,故文章讲述的就是感冒的原因和途径。C项正确。
点评:本文所设试题主要考察细节查找,对于文章中的细节题,要注意文本内容的理解。关键是找出原文的根据,认真核查题支和原文的异同,常犯错误有:绝对化语言,范围扩大或缩小,以偏概全,张冠李戴等。带着问题,再读全文,找出答题所需要的依据,完成阅读。
核心考点
试题【The common cold is the world"s most widespread illness, which is a serious infec】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Why is more and more land becoming desert?Scientists think that people make deserts.People are doing bad things to the earth.
Some places on the earth don’t get much rain. But they still don’t become deserts. This is because some green plants are growing there. Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places. Plants don’t let the sun make the earth even drier. Plants do not let the wind blow the dirt away. When a bit of rain falls, the plants hold the water. Without plants, the land can become desert more easily.
小题1:Deserts ________ .
A.never have any plants or animals in them |
B.can all be turned into good land before long |
C.are becoming smaller and smaller |
D.get very little rain |
A.they don’t let the sun make the earth even drier |
B.they don’t let the wind blow the soil away |
C.they hold water |
D.All of the above. |
A.plants can’t grow there |
B.there is not enough rain |
C.people haven’t done what scientists wish them to do |
D.scientists know little about the deserts |
A.Earthquakes make deserts. | B.Wind makes deserts. |
C. Lack of water makes deserts. | D.People make deserts. |
There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those grown for sale. The three most common kinds grown in the United States are Delicious, Golden Delicious, and McIntosh..
Apples are different in color, size and taste. The color of the skin may be red, green or yellow. They have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest. The taste may be sweet or tart(酸的). Generally, sweet apples are tasted fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce(果酱).
Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
小题1:It can be learned from the text that Delicious apples are_______.
A.grown in France | B.sold everywhere | C.very big | D.quite sweet |
A.the growth of apple trees | B.producing large apples |
C.improving the taste of apples | D.the increase of water in apples |
A.be small producers of apples |
B.be large producers of applesauce |
C.have the longest history in apple production |
D.have the coldest winter among apple production |
A.improved | B.increased | C.produced | D.sold |
“ It"s the next ’wow’ vehicle,” said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh.“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don"t fly.”
The car plane has wings that unfold for flying-a process the company says takes one minute-and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.
The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both.The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National High way Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.
The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly.They say it saves you the trouble of trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you"re good to go.When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road.There are no expensive parking fees because you don"t have to store it at an air port-you park it in the garage at home.
The carplane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet.It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers.Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界) conditions.
The Transition"s price tag: $ 194,000.But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS.Another option is a fullplane parachute.
“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option,”Gersh said.
So far, the company has more than 70 0rders with deposits. “We"re working very closely with them,
but there are still some remaining steps, ” Brown said.
小题1:We can learn from the first paragraph that .
A.carplanes will be popular in 2012 |
B.people might drive a carplane in 2012 |
C.both Transition and Ferrari can take off and land |
D.Richard Cersh is the vice president of Massachusetts |
A.fold and- unfold its wings | B.unfold wings for flying |
C.land in the airport | D.meet flying safety regulations |
A.The carplane needs a runway to take off and land.
B.To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.
C.The carplane may fly as high as normal planes.
D.People can park the carplane in the garage at their home.
小题4:The underlined word "it" in the last but one paragraph refers to .
A.the radio | B.the transponder |
C.the GPS | D.the fullplane parachute |
A.Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The Comer |
B.Which To Choose: A Ferrari Or A CarPlane? |
C.A More Convenient And Cheaper Way To Fly |
D.Cars With Wings Can Fly As Fast As Plane |
Professor Shireen Motala says basic education is no longer a problem in South Africa. Most children stay in school until they are about sixteen. The problem is that large numbers of them leave without completing high school.
Students take an examination known as the “matric”(高考) in Grade Twelve. Professor Motala says, “Less than half of the children who started school in 2000 sat for the matric last year. Many dropped out of school, so only around 45% took the matric. And the worry is where those students actually go.” Those who drop out have to compete with better educated people for jobs.
Educational researchers also point to another problem. South African schools do not produce enough students with the skills for higher education in maths and science. Many schools are not well-equipped. Children do not see laboratories, and, as a result, their science marks are not very good. They do not have libraries at school. Also, many teachers do not have the skills or training to do their jobs.
In South Africa, a number of teachers were poorly trained before. Secondly, teachers have been confused by the many educational reform efforts in the last fifteen years. Finally, language differences in the classroom have not got as much attention as they should, which is a huge problem. Subjects such as maths and science are taught in English starting at about the age of ten. But South Africa has eleven official languages.
South Africa’s minister of basic education promises a number of improvements. Angie Motshega says teacher development efforts will focus on subject and content knowledge, making sure that the correct teachers are in the correct jobs.
小题1:From the first paragraph we can learn that ______.
A.South Africans are badly in need of education |
B.South African teenagers do very well at school |
C.the South African government takes education seriously |
D.South African teenagers have become more clever |
A.Something is wrong with the country’s basic education system. |
B.Most children have to find a job at an early age. |
C.The final exam is too difficult for most children. |
D.Most children cannot complete high school until they are 16. |
A.they don’t work hard enough |
B.their schools do not have laboratories |
C.they cannot get help from libraries |
D.there are not enough skilled teachers |
A.Schools should focus more on maths and science than any other subject. |
B.More educational reforms should be carried out in South African schools. |
C.The more teachers teach maths and science, the better marks students may get. |
D.More attention should be paid to language differences in maths and science classes. |
Nature is shrinking by the day. Ancient forests are destroyed. Wetlands are becoming dry. Woodland is disappearing, and all in the name of progress. This is bad in itself, but it’s devastating for biodiversity.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of plants, animals and other living things that are all interconnected. The ecological services provided by biodiversity are vital to everyday life. The air we breathe is a product of photosynthesis (光合作用) by green plants. Insects, worms and bacteria break down waste and make soils rich. And tiny organisms clean the water in rivers and sea. In fact, all life on the earth exists thanks to the benefits of biodiversity. More than 90 percent of the calories consumed by people worldwide are produced from 80 plant species. And 30 percent of medicines are developed from plants and animals. Maintaining a wide diversity of species in each ecosystem is necessary to preserve all living things.
The loss of biodiversity could be devastating. “It is wrong to think that biodiversity can be reduced indefinitely without threatening humans,” said Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson, known as the “father of biodiversity”. He warned, “We are about to reach a critical point beyond which biodiversity loss will become irreversible (不可挽回的).”
But what can we do? The present problem is that the concept of biodiversity is so vague (含糊的). People might care about giant pandas, but it is much harder to excite them about the fate of tiny sea creatures which are being boiled to death in the cooling systems of power stations along coastlines. The Guardian newspaper is trying to help. It has launched the Biodiversity 100 campaign to try to convince governments around the world to take action to deal with the widespread concerns about biodiversity. This includes persuading the UK government to create a series of marine reserves to reserve the decrease in the sea-life caused by industrial fishing, stopping fishing sharks by the Japanese fishermen and banning the killing of dingoes (wild dogs) in Australia, among many other things.
There is a lot to do. And we’d better act quickly if we don’t want to end up with a planet that can’t sustain life!
小题1:The writer thinks it ________ to pull down Big Ben to make way for a car park.
A.unreasonable | B.necessary | C.difficult | D.reasonable |
A.nature is badly polluted by humans |
B.species are becoming fewer and fewer day by day |
C.rainforests are being cut down every day |
D.nature is full of mysteries |
A.it doesn’t matter to reduce biodiversity |
B.people have done enough to preserve biodiversity |
C.the situation of biodiversity is very serious |
D.biodiversity loss has become irreversible |
A.people might not clearly know what is biodiversity and what should be protected |
B.people are not aware that giant pandas are endangered |
C.people don’t realize that biodiversity is vital to everyday life |
D.people hunt sea creatures for food |
A.The UK government. | B.The concept of biodiversity. |
C.The action to deal with the problem. | D.The Guardian newspaper. |
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