题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Special care must be taken in selecting new blood for a badly injured person, who would be killed by the transfusion (输血) if the blood is too different from his own.
There are four basic types of blood A. B. A B. and O. Blood type, like hair and height, comes from parents. Basically, A and B can not be mixed. AB, sometimes called the universal recipient (万能受血者), may receive A or B,. O type, often called the universal donor (万能输血者), gives his blood to any other group. Patients usually receive nothing, but salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of a hospital. There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality (国籍). Among Europeans, about 42 % have type A while 45 % have type O. The fewest is the type B.
小题1:Which of the following show the correct relationship in blood transfusion ("→"means giving blood to...)?
| A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．after he receives salt and plasma | B．before he feels uncomfortable |
| C．when the new blood fits his body | D．as soon as accident happens |
A. about B. no more than C. less than D. at most
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:C
解析
试题分析：本文讲述了血型方面的有关知识，可知AB是万能受血者；O是万能输血者。
小题1:D 推理题。根据第二段前三行There are four basic types of blood A. B. A B. and O. Blood type, like hair and height, comes from parents. Basically, A and B can not be mixed. AB, sometimes called the universal recipient (万能受血者), may receive A or B,. O type, often called the universal donor (万能输血者), gives his blood to any other group.可知AB是万能受血者；O是万能输血者。故D项内容正确。
小题2:C 细节题。根据第二段4,5行Patients usually receive nothing, but salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of a hospital说明直到血型相配以后才能输血。故C正确。
小题3:C 细节题。根据文章最后一句Among Europeans, about 42 % have type A while 45 % have type O. The fewest is the type B. 说明少于13 %的人是B型血。故C正确。
点评：本文讲述了血型方面的有关知识，文章基本上是考查细节题，对此类题型考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。
核心考点
试题【Do you know blood types?Special care must be taken in selecting new blood for a 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
A．Join learning communities and help each other.
B．Expect problems, never be disappointed, and gradually you’ll make it.
C．Anytime is learning time.
D．Get interested and arouse（唤起） your desire for knowledge.
E．Cover the same ground from different angles(角度).
F．Try to be a good and effective learner.
As a student, how we can learn our lessons effectively is a common problem which is always puzzling us．If you follow suggestions below, I"m sure you"ll find the solution easily.
小题1:Your interest in the subject is the essential driver of success. You can" t learn what you do not want to learn. Emotion is an important part of the learning process. If you are even moderately interested in a subject, give yourself a chance. The key is to get started. If you can create some pleasurable routines, you may find that the subject grows on you. You must always remember learning is just like eating. You don" t expect to enjoy your food without appetite（食欲）.Therefore, you should always try to arouse your interest and desire for knowledge if you want to learn well.
小题2:Don"t expect to understand things, or remember too much, the first time you study them．Think about what problem you will meet with in your study, so that you are well-prepared for it. Never be disappointed no matter what happens. Trust that things will get clearer as your brain comes to get new information. It is like a jig-saw puzzle or a cross-word puzzle（纵横填字游戏）. As you start to put the pieces together, or string the words together, the full picture becomes clearer. The brain learns all the time, but on its own schedule．Learning does not take place according to a schedule laid down by a curriculum or teacher. Keep at it, and you will gradually find that things that seem difficult at first, will become second nature with time.
小题3:Your brain is struggling to form patterns to cope with new input from your learning activities．Sometimes, no matter how long you focus on one subject, your brain is not going to pick it up．If you are stuck, move on．Then cover the same general information from a different source, a different book, or a blog, or an online lecture or a video．Try to become a grazing learner, wandering about the countryside, rather than a feed-lot learner, just standing there in one spot, chewing the same bale of hay．The broader your base, the easier it is to learn．Just as the "rich get richer" , the more you know, the more you can learn．
小题4:Take full advantage of the Internet, blogs, and various mobile devices, not to mention good old-fashioned books and magazines．Learn during "dead time". Listen in your car, on the train, or while jogging. Have your learning with you while waiting in the doctor"s office, or listen while checking out at the supermarket. Anytime is learning time．Remember, you are learning through exposure, not by nailing things down. It is more like moisture accumulation in a cloud, rather than building a brick wall．
小题5:The "loneliness of the distance learner" is a thing of the past．Join a learning community on the web, where members share their knowledge and experience. Search for the communities that suit your interests and learning styles. You will find encouragement, advice and stimulus from fellow learners, as well as from tutors, teachers and coaches．In these communities, you can measure your progress against your own goals, or compare your experience with that of other learners．You can even teach and help others, which is a great way to learn.
I suddenly became concerned. These payoffs might get parents through grammar school, but what about high school and beyond? What would be left after the electric guitar, the cell-phone, and the DVD player?
I saw the road ahead: As the homework load increased, my income would decrease. I saw my comfortable lifestyle disappear before my eyes---no more of those $5 bags of already-peeled organic（施有机肥料的）carrots. No more organic anything!
I started to feel surprised and nervous. Would every goal achieved by my two children fetch a reward? A high grade point average? A good class ranking? Would sports achievements be included in this reward system: soccer goals, touchdowns（橄榄球底线得分）? What about the orchestra（管弦乐队）? Would first chair pay more than second? I"d be penniless by eighth-grade graduation.
“We never paid anything for good grades,” said my neighbor across the street, whose son was recently accepted at MIT. “He just did it on his own. Maybe once in a while we went out for pizza, but that"s about it.”
Don"t you just hate that? We"re all running around looking for the MP3 player with the most updates, and she’s spending a few dollars on pizza. She gets motivation; we get negotiation. And what about the primary grades? What do these students get? “When the teacher asked if anyone got rewards for good grades, everyone in my class raised their hands and said they got ice cream cones (蛋卷),” said one third-grader.
小题1:What"s the best title for the passage?
| A．Tips on Paying Kids for Good Grades |
| B．New Trends in Paying Kids for Good Grades |
| C．Good Grades Mean Good Rewards |
| D．Don"t Pay Kids for Good Grades |
| A．Taking care of my children would influence my work. |
| B．I would spend less money on my children"s good grades. |
| C．More rewards would be needed as my children grow up. |
| D．Reducing my children"s homework load would cost me a lot. |
| A．if you buy children pizza as a reward, they will work harder |
| B．if you pay kids for good grades, they will take it for granted |
| C．children will not ask for rewards when they enter high school |
| D．good grades won"t help kids make great progress in the future |
| A．pizza is the best way to motivate children |
| B．it is necessary to reward children for their good grades. |
| C．getting rewards for good grades is common nowadays |
| D．rewards are not the only way to motivate children |
The system uses the Henry Law which states that the amount of gas that can be dissolved in a liquid is proportional (成比例的)to the pressure on the liquid. Raise the pressure ---more gas can be dissolved in the liquid. Decrease the pressure --- less gas dissolved in the liquid releases the gas. This is exactly what happens when you open a can of soda; carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the liquid and is under pressure in the can. Open the can, releasing the pressure, and the gas fizzes(嘶撕作响)out.
Bodner"s System obviously uses a special machine to lower pressure in part of a small amount of seawater taken into the system; dissolved gas is taken out. The patent（专利）reads: A self-contained open-circuit（循环）breathing instrument for use within a body of water naturally containing dissolved air. The instrument is adapted to provide breathable(可吸入的)air. The instrument contains an inlet for taking out a quantity of water from the body of water. It further contains a separator for separating the dissolved air from the quantity of water, thus gaining the breathable air. The instrument further contains an outlet for expelling (驱逐)the separated water back into the body of water, and another outlet for removing the breathable air and supplying it for breathing. The air is supplied so as to enable it to be expelled back into the body of water after it has been breathed .
Human beings have been thinking about how to breathe underwater since they started swimming. This long-held desire plays an important part in one of the first great science fiction novels, Jules Verne"s 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that____________ .
| A．the less pressure it is, the less carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the liquid |
| B．the deeper one dives into the ocean, the less gas is dissolved in the water |
| C．the greater pressure it is, the more carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in the liquid |
| D．the deeper one dives into the ocean, the more gas is dissolved in the water |
| A．how Bodner invented the instrument for breathing underwater |
| B．why Bodner invented the instrument for breathing underwater |
| C．how Bodner"s instrument for breathing underwater works |
| D．how Bodner"s instrument is used by divers for breathing underwater |
| A．a separator is used to expel breathable air back into the body of water |
| B．a separator is used to separate the air from the water so as to make use of the water |
| C．The breathable air removed from an outlet will eventually go back to the body of water. |
| D．The breathable air removed from an outlet will immediately go back to the body of water. |
For centuries, people have wondered about the strange places that they seem to visit in their sleep. ___小题1:___ However, they have been valued as necessary to a person’s health and happiness.
Historically people thought dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams scientifically believing that they tell about a person’s character. ___小题2:__ He believed that dreams allow a person to express fantasies or fears, which would be socially unacceptable in real life.
The second theory to become popular was Carl Jung’s compensation theory. Jung, a former student of Freud, said that the purpose of a dream is not to hide something, but rather to communicate it to the dreamer. ___小题3:__ Thus, people who think too highly of themselves may dream about falling; those who think too little of themselves dream of being heroes.
Using more recent research, William Domhoff from the University of California found that dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop in humans. ___小题4:___ Until they reach age five, they can not express very well what their dreams are about. Once people become adults, there is little or no change in their dreams. The dreams of men and women differ.
The meaning of dreams continues to be difficult to understand. ___小题5:___ If you dream that a loved one is going to die, do not panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that your loved one is going to die.
| A．Dreams make up for what is lacking in waking life. |
| B．However, people should not take their dreams as reality. |
| C．They have been considered as meaningless nighttime journeys. |
| D．It gives scientists chances to better understand human mind. |
F．They think their mind is trying to tell them something.
G．First, there was Sigmund Freud’s theory.
A team of scientists from Ohio State University did experiments on 33 volunteers who were getting better from heart disease following operation. They found that people who exercised while listening to Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi’s “The Four Seasons” did much better on language ability tests than without music.
“Facts suggest that exercise improves the learning ability of people with heart disease,” said the psychologist Charles Emery, who led the study. “And listening to music is thought to enhance understanding. We just wanted to put the two results together,” he added.
The volunteers said they felt better emotionally and physically after working out with or without the music. But their improvement on the test doubled after listening to music during exercise. Scientists have proved that music can be good for health, education and well-being. It helps reduce stress, sadness and nervousness; encourages relaxation or sleep; wakes up the body and improves memory and thoughts.
In medical fields, music is used widely for patients who have had head hurts before and after operation. “The Four Seasons” was used because of its moderate tempo（舒缓的节拍）and positive results in earlier research. “Exercise seems to cause positive changes in the nervous system(神经系统) and these changes may have a direct result on learning ability,” Emery said.
Scientists have been studying the results of music on understanding since the early 1950s. By 2000, psychologists were using Mozart’s music, especially his violin pieces, to help children with speech disorders. Mozart was chosen because his music is not overexciting and has clear structures. A study showed students who listened to Mozart went on to score higher marks in an intelligence test. With important exams drawing near, your parents will not probably allow you to listen to music. But perhaps now you have good reasons to argue with them.
小题1:The underlined word enhance can be replaced by ______.| A．impress | B．improve | C．provide | D．produce |
小题2:The text mainly tells us that _____.| A．music and exercise lead to relaxation or sleep |
| B．33 volunteers work on music in medical fields |
| C．exercising to music makes people healthy and bright |
| D．scientists give suggestions on choosing music to exercise to |
小题3:It can be learned from the last paragraph that ______.| A．you are supposed to follow your parents’ words |
| B．students should not listen to music before exams |
| C．you have some good reasons to exercise to music |
| D．music might help you to get higher grades in tests |
小题4:Which of the following statements is true?| A．Exercise seems to cause negative changes without music. |
| B．Exercise reminds people with head hurts of what they’ve learned. |
| C．Scientists often use Mozart’s music, for it is not too exciting. |
| D．“The Four Seasons” is used to help children with speech disorders. |
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