题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
You might find it hard to believe that you could actually "print" an object like you would a picture. But it is not that hard to understand how it would work. Just as a traditional printer sprays (喷) ink onto paper line by line, modern 3-D printers spread material onto a surface layer by layer, from the bottom to the top, gradually building up a shape.
Instead of ink, the materials the 3-D printer uses are mainly plastic, resin (树脂)and certain metals. The thinner each layer is --- from a millimeter to less than the width of a hair --- the smoother and finer the object will be.
This may sound like a completely new technology, but the truth is that 3-D printing has been around since the late 1980s. Back then, it was hardly affordable for most people, so few knew about it.
Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3-D printing industry--- printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3-D printer might have cost £20,000 (200,000 yuan), while now they cost only about £ 1,000, according to the BBC.
Taken out of the factory and introduced to more diverse and common uses, 3-D printing can create just about anything you can think of ---flutes (笛子), bikinis, jewelry, aircraft parts and even human organs. In fact, scientists from Cornell University in New York have just made an artificial ear using a 3-D printer, according to Science Daily. The fake ear looks and acts exactly like a natural one.
However, as 3-D printing becomes more common, it may bring about certain problems --- such as piracy(盗版). "Once you can download a coffee maker, or print out a new set of kitchen utensils (餐具) on your personal 3-D printer, who will visit a retail (零售的) store again?" an expert in 3-D printing told Forbes News. Even more frightening, what if anyone in the world could use a 3-D printer to print out a fully functioning gun?
小题1:According to the article, in the future, the 3-D printing technology will ___.
| A．enable people to make better purchases online |
| B．be applied as widely in our daily lives as computers |
| C．change the way we make many products |
| D．shorten the time it takes for people to get what they buy online |
| A．The 3-D printing technology was taken out ofthe factory. |
| B．The 3-D printer became more affordable forconsumers. |
| C．The 3-D printer was used for medical treatmentfor the first time. |
| D．3-D printing technology began to be used invarious fields. |
| A．By analyzing a cause and an effect. | B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By giving examples. | D．By presenting research findings. |
| A．Printing out everything | B．Technology in the future |
| C．Online shopping disappearing | D．Great demand for 3-D printers |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
试题分析：本文介绍了三维印刷机的情况，它通常被简称为3D印刷机，其工作原理非常简单。首先在电脑上绘制产品草图，并细化修补其形状和着色。接着按下印刷按钮，印刷机开始运作，产品慢慢成型。3D印刷术将随着技术本身的不断改进迅速铺开，使用成本急剧下降。但是本文还给出了一些担忧，万一能够印出枪支了，不就对社会的治安带来一些麻烦了。
小题1:细节理解题。根据In the near future, you"ll be able to get it in minutes just by hitting "print" on your computer.改变了我们制造产品的方式,故选C
小题2:细节理解题。根据Last year, though, saw a big change in the 3-D printing industry--- printers became much cheaper. For example, 10 years ago a desktop 3-D printer might have cost £20,000 (200,000 yuan), while now they cost only about £ 1,000, according to the BBC.
人们能够买得起了,因为价格降下来了,故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据it may bring about certain problems举例说明它的普遍性,故选C。
小题4:标题归纳题。根据全文来看3D印刷机能接触到的领域很广，故选A。
点评：做标题归纳题时还要遵循三个原则，即注意题的醒目性、概括性和针对性。醒目性——我们所判断的标题如果放在文章的最前面，应该能使读者一看到标题就对其内容发生兴趣，即，吸引读者的眼球；概括性——指标题应最大限度地覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性——我们所选的标题不能偏题，必须指向具体文意，因此也应具备强烈的针对性。
核心考点
试题【See a cell phone cover that you like on Taobao? Forget about placing an order, p】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
It started when l became a junior, when college came into view. It"s the first big step to making your life your own. So when Jobs discussed his life as a student, some fears were eased. He, too, felt the need to attend college to make something of himself. He faced what many are extremely afraid of: uncertainty. His lack of understanding caused him to stop attending college and focus on what he felt was important. His story had a happy ending, of course, since he certainly turned out well.
This doesn"t mean that students shouldn"t attend college, but rather that they shouldn"t worry so much. You"ll get where you need to go, even if your path is a bit morewinding(蜿蜒的)than you"d like.
Jobs talked about the hardships in his work. His love of his work helped him carry on and he got where he was meant to be, which restates the point: don"t panic.One particular part of his speech stayed with me. Steve Jobs quoted(引用)thc saying"Stay hungry, stay foolisll" and it has become my motto. Staying foolish is realizing thatyou are still a fool, no matter how much you"ve learned or experienced. There is always more to explore. Staying hungry is wanting to find those things about which you are still uneducated.
Steve Jobs" level of success is possible to achieve, and I aim to prove that. With the will power to go into the world living every day like it"s my last and allowing the future to take care of itself, I will do great things. In the last moments of my life, I"ll be proud of what I have done and hope to have all the wisdom a person could wish for.
小题1:The author felt worried when_____.
| A．he had to take tests at school |
| B．he had lots of sleepless nights |
| C．he thought about his future |
| D．he searched for words of wisdom |
| A．the author is a college student |
| B．the author cares much about his future |
| C．Steve Jobs failed because of his decision |
| D．Steve Jobs" words had no effect on the author |
| A．Courage to drop out of school. | B．Confidence in defeating Jobs. |
| C．Interest in computer industry. | D．Bravery to face uncertainties. |
| A．Be content with what they know. |
| B．Have the desire to learn more. |
| C．Stay calm in the face of hardships |
| D．Be modest so as to learn more. |
| A．an experience of a speech |
| B．a memorable meeting with Jobs |
| C．the most impressive quotation in life |
| D．the wisdom drawn from a speech |
Now, scientists say the microbes that live on our hands could be used in a surprising way: fighting crime.
When police visit the scene of a crime, they often look for fingerprints to try to identifythe criminal. But according to a recent study, investigators could even use microbes to help break a criminal case.
Every person has his or her own set of microbes that live on their hands, according to scientists at,the University of:Colorado. That means the mix of different kinds of microbes on everybody"s hand is unique-much like one"s fingerprint.
The scientists wanted to know whether this microbe mix could be used as a new kind of fingerprint-especially in a crime scene where fingerprints might be hard to find. And policemen use forensics such as studying fingerprints to identify the criminal.
"Microbe fingerprints are harder to hide," said Noah Fierer, one of the scientists.
"You can"t sterilize(为……***菌) a surface just by wiping it off. "
His team compared the bacteria on the hands of 273 people with the bacteria found on each person"s computer keyboard. For the study, the keyboards had been used only by the people who were being tested. The study showed that the mix of microbes from each per- son"s hands matched the mix of microbes on that person"s keyboard. The scientists were easily able to tell the 273 people apart-just by looking at their keyboards.
But there are a lot more than 273 criminals. Other scientists wonder whetherthe microbe fingerprint can really be that useful.
Fierer agrees that scientists have a lot more work to do before the microbe fingerprint will be a useful tool．
小题1:According to the passage, microbes on people"s hands_____
| A．do more harm than good | B．are easy to get rid of |
| C．are almost the same | D．might help find crimes |
| A．the scientific test used by police |
| B．a new kind of fingerprint |
| C．a kind of bacteria"in people"s hands |
| D．a kind of newly invented keyboard |
| A．They found the criminal among the 237 people. |
| B．They could tell who had used which computer. |
| C．Computer keyboards couldn"t keep people"s microbe fingerprints. |
| D．People"s characters could be identified by the keyboards they used. |
| A．your microbes may give you away |
| B．scientists will come to a clear conclusion soon |
| C．many scientists think microbe fingerprints useless |
| D．the microbe fingerprint has been used in many cases |
| A．the importance of fingerprints | B．how to clean our hands |
| C．the usefulness of microbes | D．different germs on our hands |
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “~” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “="”" sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985 A.J.T., A.VM
小题1:The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for .
| A．a middle school teacher | B．a primary school student |
| C．a senior high student | D．a college student |
| A．compares modern English with old English |
| B．gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty |
| C．attaches more importance to conversational forms |
| D．pays little attention to strict grammatical forms |
| A．This book keeps up with the latest usages of the America English language. |
| B．This edition offers more information about pronouns. |
| C．It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book. |
| D．One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”. |
| A．the two parts before and after the sign “~” mean the same |
| B．the two parts before and after “~” are said by two different people |
| C．the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says |
| D．the topic is changed in the part after the sign “~” |
| A．they have helped the authors with this edition |
| B．they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors |
| C．the authors want to make use of the fames of those people |
| D．those people will make advertisements for this book |
The skeletal muscles are attached to the bones; they actually hold the skeleton together. Strong cords, called tendons(肌腱), help connect these muscles to the bones. Skeletal muscles give us strength and allow us to move in many ways. If you look at skeletal muscles through a microscope, you will see that it has bands of fibers that look like stripes(条纹). These stripes are called striations. Skeletal muscles usually move because the brain has sent a conscious message to them telling them what to do. This is called voluntary movement.
Another type of muscle is smooth muscle. Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle does not have striations. This is found in organs such as the stomach, the bladder(膀胱), the lungs and the eyes. Smooth muscles are smaller than the skeletal muscles and they move involuntarily. The brain tells these muscles what to do, but we aren’t even aware of it. For example, we don’t have to think about breathing or digesting food. The smooth muscles just do their jobs automatically. For this reason smooth muscles are sometimes called involuntary muscles.
Like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle also works involuntarily. It is a very thick muscle that is found only in the walls of the heart. Its job is to pump blood out of the heart and into blood vessels called arteries(动脉). The arteries help carry the blood to all parts of the body. When the cardiac muscles relax, they let blood back into the heart. Cardiac muscles have striations, just like skeletal muscles do.
小题1:When we _______, the job is done by smooth muscles.
| A．close our eyes | B．kick a ball | C．hug our friends | D．lift a suitcase |
| A．both can move voluntarily |
| B．both are thick muscles |
| C．both are bigger than smooth muscles |
| D．both have stripes called striations |
| A．Heart muscles are very important because they give us strength and allow us to move. |
| B．The heart of human beings completely consists of heart muscle. |
| C．The skeletal muscles are connected to the bones by tendons. |
| D．Smooth muscle does its work without receiving message from the brain. |
Two of them, Mercury (水星) and Venus, are nearer while the other six, namely Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto, also in their given order from the sun, are farther from the sun than the earth is. The farther they are, the longer trips they make around the sun. People noticed long ago that these traveling bodies moved around in the sky in definite paths. It is a force called gravity that holds them in their paths.
We know that every little bit of matter in the universe pulls upon every other bit of matter. The pull between two bodies is proportional (成比例的) to the product of their masses. Because the sun is so large the pull between the sun and the planets are thus great. If it were not for this pull, the planets would fly off into space. In the same way there exists a pull between the earth and the moon, which keeps the moon traveling in its orbit around our planet, the earth. Gravity holds you to its surface, and pulls back to it the ball which you throw into the air. Of course the ball also pulls on the larger earth but the earth is so much larger that the pull is not noticed.
Now remember that large bodies exert a greater pull than smaller ones which contain less material. But each object in the universe, no matter how small, pulls on all other objects to some degree.
小题1:There are ________ that travel around the sun in the sun’s family.
| A．nine planets | B．eight planets |
| C．one star and ten planets | D．the earth and the sun |
| A．Mercury and Venus. | B．Neptune and Pluto. |
| C．Saturn and Uranus. | D．Mars and Jupiter. |
| A．all the objects, big or small, must exert the same pull on one another |
| B．large objects exert the same pull on anybody as small objects |
| C．small objects exert the same on large ones |
| D．each object in the universe exerts a pull on all other objects |
| A．the sun and the moon is greater than between the sun and the earth |
| B．the earth and the moon is greater than that between the sun and the earth |
| C．the sun and the earth is greater than that between the earth and the moon |
| D．the sun and the earth is the same as that between the earth and the moon |
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