题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods. It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, and the impact could be amazing. “One little change in product packaging could save 1, 500 trees,” says Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott．“If everybody saves 1, 500 trees or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you have made a huge difference.”
Scott wants Wal-Mart to do its part too. He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse-gas emissions（排放）over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient. He wants Wal-Mart’s fleet of more than 7, 000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015. Factories that show Wal-Mart they’re cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Wal-Mart says it’s working with consumer-product manufacturers to reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so.
Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Wal-Mart’s controversial labor and health-insurance practices. But it’s not just window dressing, because Wal-Mart sees profits in going green. Scott says, “This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy. We don’t go where we don’t think there’s a great interest in change.”
Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Wal-Mart’s image at a time when his company’s reputation is declining. He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield （保护）Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming. “By doing what we’re doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything,” he says. “At some point businesses will be held responsible for the action they take.” Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit.
小题1:We can infer from the passage that ______.
| A．Lee Scott is Wal-Mart’s CEO |
| B．there are 5, 200 stores in the world |
| C．Wal-Mart has a great influence on the world market |
| D．Wal-Mart has more than 7, 000 trucks all over the world |
| A．Wal-Mart predicts huge profits in its green activity. |
| B．Wal-Mart’s green activity is just window dressing. |
| C．Wal-Mart aims to solve its health-insurance practices. |
| D．Wal-Mart doesn’t have any social responsibility at all. |
| A．Reduce air pollution in its present stores. |
| B．Give favorable treatment to its consumers. |
| C．Ask the factories to reduce their packaging. |
| D．Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before. |
| A．Provide the background of the green plan. |
| B．Stress the purpose of Wal-Mart’s green plan. |
| C．Present the risk that Wal-Mart is facing nowadays. |
| D．Analyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:B
解析
试题分析：文章介绍沃尔玛采取环保的措施，包括节约能源，减少空气污染，和采取这项措施的目的，以及带来的利益。
小题1:推理题：从第二段的句子：The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods.可以推断出沃尔玛对全世界的市场都有影响，选 C
小题2:句意理解题：从第四段的句子：But it’s not just window dressing, because Wal-Mart sees profits in going green. Scott says, 可知这句话的意思是：沃尔玛从这次环保的活动中获得了经济利润，选A
小题3:细节题：从第三段的句子：Factories that show Wal-Mart they’re cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. 可知未来沃尔玛会减少现在的商店的空气污染，选A
小题4:段落大意题：从最后一段的句子：He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield （保护）Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming.可知这段讲的是沃尔玛采取这项措施的目的，选B。
核心考点
试题【All around the world, shoppers flock to Wal-Mart to buy everything. In Texas, th】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The World Tourism Organization claims that the industry looked after 592 million travelers last year who spent $423 billion, and of all the types of tourism, ecotourism seems to be the fastest growing. By the broadest measure -- a trip with some sort of nature or wilderness element -- ecotourism already accounts for perhaps a third of these travelers. On a stricter definition favored by the Ecotourism Society, it is “responsible travel that preserves natural environments and keeps up the well-being of local people,” which accounts for no more than 5% of tourism.
Ideally, ecotourism helps both people and nature. Before the disastrous civil war, Rwanda’s Mountain Gorilla Project was one such model. Visits to the gorillas were limited, local guides ensured good behavior or on the part of the humans, and the high admission charge - $170 a day -- paid for salaries and presentation of the gorillas’ living areas. As this made the gorillas worth more alive than dead, poaching (偷猎) decreased. As another example, preservation Cooperation, Africa’s largest ecotour operator, uses only local labor, buys products 5om local farmers, and supports building projects: such as clinics and schools. This contribution to social advance is also good business sense. Projects from which local people benefit directly are less likely to be affected by poaching and theft.
Ecotourism’s biggest problem is labeling. Going on an eco-tour is no guarantee of good ecology. So far, only Australia has an official system to grade tour operators and tourist attractions on the basis of their “greenness”. Another issue is how eco-tourists damage the environment. Dolphin-feeding, for instance, is innocent and enjoyable, but after too many free meals, the dolphins forget how to catch their own dinners.
Keeping prices high is one way to limit enthusiasm. But measuring the effect of ecotourism on human environments is trickier. It is common, for villagers to see ecotourism as a source of new income. Hence, the very tourists who venture in search of traditional cultures end up breaking them up. As ecotourism becomes more popular, it will finally threaten the very things that are good for business.
小题1:According to the passage, ecotourism may _________.
| A．harm its own purpose by becoming too popular |
| B．save the environment by becoming more popular |
| C．harm its own purpose by becoming less popular |
| D．save the environment by becoming less popular |
| A．has no single, clear definition that would satisfy everybody |
| B．has expanded less rapidly than other types of tourism |
| C．claims that no comfortable hotels should be used by tourists |
| D．most often has a negative effect on local culture |
| A．tourists were free to visit the gorillas whenever they wanted to |
| B．local people’s attitudes toward animals were not affected |
| C．the gorillas were protected from both tourists and local people |
| D．the gorillas’ living area was modernized because of the high admission |
| A．Rwanda’s Mountain Gorilla Project | B．Preservation Corporation |
| C．Australia’s grading system | D．Dolphin-feeding |
The hard, parrot-like beak（喙）of an octopus is not used for attacking deep-sea divers, but for cutting open shellfish. Indeed, the octopus possesses such a tiny throat that it cannot swallow large pieces of meat. Instead, it feeds by pouring digestive juices into its victims, and then sucking up the soupy remains. A shellfish that finds itself in the grasp of an octopus has only a short time to live. But human beings are perfectly safe. Still, people rarely care to go close enough to these careful creatures to get a good look at them.
小题1:This passage is mainly about .
| A．the horrors of the octopus |
| B．the largest octopus in the world |
| C．octopi and their behavior |
| D．the octopus’s deadly hunting method |
| A．people have unreasonable fears about the octopus |
| B．the octopus is not interested in human beings |
| C．the octopus is afraid of human beings |
| D．the octopus is a very cruel sea animal |
| A．Octopi. | B．Shellfish. | C．Fish. | D．The victims. |
| A．attacking deep-sea divers | B．cutting up large pieces of meat |
| C．cutting open its victims | D．defending itself |
| A．the octopus is not dangerous to man |
| B．people often fear creatures that are not dangerous to them |
| C．the octopus only hunts its natural victims |
| D．things described in movies are not to be believed |
A“paperless classroom”is what more and more schools are trying to achieve.Students don"t do any handwriting in this class. Instead, they use palm (手掌) size, or specially-designed computers. The teacher downloads texts from Internet libraries and sends them to every student"s personal computer.
Having computers also means that students can use the Web. They can look up information on any subject they"re studying from math to social science.
High school teacher Judy Herrell in Florida, US, described how her class used the Web to learn about the war in Afghanistan (阿富汗) over one year ago.
"We could touch every side of the country through different sites? from the forest to refugee camps (难民营)," she said. "Using a book that"s three or four years old is impossible."
And exams can go online too. At a high school in Tennessee, US, students take tests on their own computers. The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and then copies them to his own electronic grade book.
A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper. High school teacher Stephanie Sorrell in Kentucky, US, said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper each week to each student.
"Think about the money and trees we could save with the computers," she said.
But, with all this technology, there"s always the risk that the machines will break down. So, in case of a power failure or technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available for these hi-tech students.
小题1:What does the part of the last sentence in the first paragraph, “run out of ink at the critical moment”, mean?
| A．Pens may not write well at the critical moment. |
| B．Pens get lost easily, so you may not find them at the critical moment. |
| C．Pens may have little or no ink at the critical moment. |
| D．Pens use ink, while pencils don"t. |
| A．Pens. | B．Computers. | C．Information. | D．Texts. |
| A．the Web could take them everywhere |
| B．the Web taught them a lot |
| C．the Web is a good tool for information |
| D．the Web better than the textbooks, can give the latest and comprehensive (全面的) information |
| A．students | B．teachers | C．trees | D．computers |
| A．Break into pieces. | B．Stop working |
| C．Fall down. | D．Lose control. |
Now campuses(校园) around the country have started recruiting（吸收某人为新成员） fresh faces for all kinds of clubs．Upperclassmen and experts suggest a hobby-based choice of clubs, which might have a lasting impact（影响）on one" s life and career Zhang Ling did not get many chances to write stories as an environmental protection major at Jiangxi University of Science and Technology．But this changed when she joined the university broadcast station．Her daily interviews with students and teachers expanded her horizon．Now she is determined to become a journalist on environmental issues with her degree in environmental protection．"Journalism changed my life track," said the 22 –year-old girl．"I only wanted to be a science teacher in a local senior high school．But now I am applying for a graduate school in journalism."
Lan Yujie, professor at Anhui University of Technology, regards Mu and Zhang as good examples of choosing "what I like" instead of " what is practical" in finding jobs and seeking further study． "Some freshmen don"t know what to choose," said Lan．"Just following a hobby and doing something you like can easily give you the experience that makes you happy and special．"
Lan further says that joining clubs should not necessarily have a purpose, As part of campus life, a club experience will impact one"s life and career m one way or another．"The point of clubs is to have as many diverse（多样的）experiences as possible so that students can explore more of their life," said Lan．
小题1:Why did Mu Yumin join the computer club?
A．To get another diplomA. B．To change his major．
C．To find a good joB. D．To have a good time．
小题2:Which of the followings is true about Zhang Ling?
| A．She didn"t intend to be a journalist． |
| B．She changed her major to journalism． |
| C．She now works as a science teacher |
| D．She"s graduated from the university． |
| A．helping you know what you really like |
| B．making you plan your career better |
| C．helping you to make more friends |
| D．obtaining more life experiences |
| A．Club experiences will affect students" life and career |
| B．Students should be practical in finding jobs |
| C．Joining clubs should have a clear goal． |
| D．Students will have a colorful campus life by joining clubs． |
| A．How to change your major． |
| B．Joining a campus club for a diploma． |
| C．How to find a job after graduation |
| D．Joining a club to explore more of your life． |
It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly, this apparent diversity (多样化) is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future.
Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmes recruit (招聘) their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior (以前的) academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school’s picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach—arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters.
Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context.
Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated (根除) completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management—at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative (合作的) management models, such as those prevalent (流行的) in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.
小题1:What characterizes the business school student population of today?
| A．Greater diversity. | B．Exceptional diligence. |
| C．Intellectual maturity. | D．Higher ambition. |
| A．It will arouse students’ unrealistic expectations. |
| B．It will produce business leaders of a uniform style. |
| C．It focuses on theory rather than on practical skills. |
| D．It stresses competition rather than cooperation. |
| A．Age and educational background. | B．Attitude and approach to business. |
| C．Social and professional experience. | D．Ethnic origin and gender. |
| A．It is eradicating the tough aspects of management. |
| B．It encourages male and female executives to work side by side. |
| C．It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model. |
| D．It is shifting towards more collaborative models. |
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