题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
DISCOVER magazine once reported on a curious event in the woods : a group of monkeys applied mud (泥) to their faces in order to keep away insects , but when they were done they seemed to have lost their ability to recognize each other ---two monkeys that were supposed to be friends even started fighting.
“Faces are really important to how monkeys and apes (猿)can tell one another apart,” explained Michael Alfaro, a biologist at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), to the New York -based International Science Times . This is quite different from many other animals , which depend heavily on smells.
Since faces play such a crucial part in the social lives of monkeys , could this explain why certain monkey species have such colorful faces while others have simpler, plainer ones ?
To test this theory , a group of researchers from UCLA studied 139 monkey species , mainly from Asia and Africa, and analyzed hundreds of headshot (头像）photos of those monkeys from their databases.
It was found that species that live in larger groups have faces with more complex color patterns than those that live in smaller groups. According to Live Science, researchers believe that this is nature’s way of making it easier for monkeys to recognize each other since those living in larger groups have to distinguish between a greater number of faces.
This is actually not that hard to understand . Just imagine if there were 10 people standing in front of you, all wearing white clothes. It would be much more difficult to tell them apart than if they wore clothes with colorful patterns. However, if there were only two people that you had to identify, a lack of color wouldn’t be much of a problem.
Apart from the need to recognize group members , researchers found that geography and environment also affect monkeys’ facial colors. Species that live closer to the equator in thick, humid (潮湿的）forests were found to have darker faces than those who live in dry areas further away from the equator. This is because darker faces help camouflage (伪装）the monkeys in the woods so that they go unnoticed by predators (捕食者）.
小题1:We can learn from the article that monkeys mainly recognize each other by their __.
| A．Smells | B．Facial appearances | C．body shapes | D．Voices |
| A．Larger monkeys have more complex face color patterns. |
| B．Monkeys with colorful face patterns usually take higher social positions within groups. |
| C．Monkeys living in smaller groups usually have simpler, plainer face patterns. |
| D．Colorful face patterns keep monkeys safe from predators. |
| A．The social lives of monkeys. |
| B．How monkeys tell each other apart. |
| C．A comparison between the face patterns of monkeys and those of human beings. |
| D．The different factors that determine monkeys’ face patterns. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
解析
试题分析：文章介绍猴子通过面部表情辨认彼此的，它们的脸可以透露它的社会生活，那么猴子为什么有不同的脸部图案，文章给出了解释。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：but when they were done they seemed to have lost their ability to recognize each other ---two monkeys that were supposed to be friends even started fighting. 和第二段的句子：“Faces are really important to how monkeys and apes (猿)can tell one another apart,”可知猴子用泥涂在脸上后，就认不得彼此了，说明它们是通过面部表情辨认彼此的，选B。
小题2:细节题：从第五段的句子：It was found that species that live in larger groups have faces with more complex color patterns than those that live in smaller groups. According to Live Science, 可知在小的群体里面生活的猴子有更简单更普通的脸部图案，选C
小题3:主旨题：从全文和第三段的句子：Since faces play such a crucial part in the social lives of monkeys , could this explain why certain monkey species have such colorful faces while others have simpler, plainer ones ? 可知这篇文章介绍了决定猴子面部图案的不同因素。选D
核心考点
试题【Monkeys , face to face DISCOVER magazine once reported on a curious event in the】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness. About 66 percent of those surveyed suffer from nomophobia or “no mobile phone phobia”. Interestingly, more women worry about losing their phone than men.
Fortunately, there’s a solution.
The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia. Checking your phone too often is one thing, but the true sign of a problem is that you can’t conduct business or go about your routine when the fear becomes so severe.
Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That’s another sign of a problem. If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour, or a total of an hour per day, there may be a problem.
Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks: Leaving the phone behind and not checking e-mail or text messages, and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety. Even if this leads to a high level of worry and stress, the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal with not having your phone.
Of course, there are also technological alternatives. Luis Levy, a co-founder at Novy PR, says he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone. To find it, he can just go to a Web site and see the phone’s location.
He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion. The company’s description of its product reads like a prescription for anxiety: “60 million phones are lost, stolen or damaged each year. You’ll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect with family, friends and work, as soon as the very next day!”
小题1:Why does the author mention Kelly’s experience in the first paragraph?
| A．To inform us that mobile phones are useful. |
| B．To introduce the topic for discussion. |
| C．To warn us that we should be careful. |
| D．To tell us we should get phones ready for a trip. |
| A．Fear of losing mobile phones. |
| B．Habits of using mobile phones |
| C．Eagerness for new mobile phones. |
| D．Independence of mobile phones. |
| A．Avoiding using phone for some time |
| B．Learning more about modern technology. |
| C．Protecting one’s phone against any damage. |
| D．Not using a mobile phone in one’s daily work. |
| A．It lets you know other people also lose their phones. |
| B．It will give you a new phone through insurance. |
| C．It enables you to reconnect with your acquaintance. |
| D．It gives you a prescription to treat nomophobia. |
| A．Solutions to nomophobia. | B．New mobile phone technology. |
| C．Disadvantages of mobile phone. | D．Attitude toward mobile phone. |
In the study, women who were new mothers scored better on tests of visuospatial memory – the ability to understand and remember information about their surroundings—compared with women who didn’t have children.
The findings contradicts the old belief that women develop“baby brain" or a decline in memory and cognitive(认知的) function, after they have kids, said study researcher Melissa Santiago, a doctoral student at Carlos Albizu University in Miami. “You don’t have to feel that because you have kids, your memory isn’t the same," Santiago said.
The study was small, and the findings will have to be tested in larger groups of people, Santiago said.
Previous studies on the topic have had mixed results—some showed motherhood hurts cognition, and others showed the opposite. Studies on rats show those with pups have better memory than those without offspring.
Santiago analyzed information from 35 first-time mothers whose children were ages 10 to 24 months, and 35 women who had never been pregnant. Both groups scored similarly on intelligence tests. The average age of mothers was 29 and the average age of never-pregnant women was 27.
To test visuospatial memory, the women were shown a paper containing six symbols for 10 seconds, and then asked to draw what they remembered. This task was repeated several times. The first time women were shown the paper, both groups remembered about the same amount. But on the second and third pass, mothers performed better than those without children, indicating that the mothers collected more information each time than the other women.
Later, the women were shown a variety of different symbols, and asked to remember which ones were presented on the earlier task. Mothers did not make a mistake in this task—they remembered every symbol correctly—but those without children made one or two errors, Santiago said.
小题1: How did Santiago lead to the findings?
| A．By observation. | B．By comparison. |
| C．By analyzing intelligence tests. | D．By asking women questions. |
| A．The study received little attention. |
| B．The study has just started. |
| C．The study was carried out among a small group of people. |
| D．A small group of researchers were involved in the study. |
| A．Ways to test visuospatial memory. |
| B．Why having kids improves memory. |
| C．How young mothers are different from never-pregnant women. |
| D．The negative effects that worries of women without children have. |
| A．may cause a heated discussion among parents |
| B．may cause an increase in the birth rate |
| C．are tested by previous similar studies |
| D．are encouraging news for mothers |
Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also economic losses. Farmers lose money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell quickly.
But in nineteen ninety-five a teacher in northern Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He developed the “Pot-in-Pot Preservation/Cooling System.” It uses two round containers made of clay. A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one. The space between the two pots is filled with wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit, vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system.
Food stored in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation(蒸发) process. Water in the sand between the two pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot, where drier outside air is moving.
The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees. This cools the inner pot and helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. Some foods can be kept fresh this way for several weeks.
People throughout Nigeria began using the invention. And it became popular with farmers in other African countries. Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first five thousand pot-in-pot systems for his own community and five villages nearby.
In two thousand, the Rolex Watch Company of Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to develop projects aimed at improving human knowledge and well-being. A committee considers projects in science and medicine, technology, exploration and discovery, the environment and cultural history. Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.
小题1:Which is the best title of the passage?
| A．A Few Degrees can Make a Big Difference for Storage |
| B． A Cool Way to Keep Food from Spoiling |
| C． Spoiled Food Creates Health Risks and Economic Losses |
| D． The Evaporation Process Creates a Drop in Temperature |
| A．the structure of the invention |
| B．the usage of the invention |
| C．the cost of the invention |
| D．the inspiration of the invention |
| A．the wet cloth covering the cooling system. |
| B．the moving drier air outside the container |
| C．the wet sand between the containers |
| D．a drop in temperature by evaporation |
| A．rich and advanced families |
| B．scientific experiment laboratory |
| C．poor and underdeveloped area |
| D．supermarket needing to store goods |
| A．invented the controversial cooling system |
| B．financed the systems in all communities |
| C．received financial assistance for his invention |
| D．invented more complicated cooling system later |
All this saves time, but at a price.When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag；our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also , according to some scientists；too much use may put harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about.
However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.
There was a time when some people"s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation(耕耘) of the land or the care of cattle. No multi tasking there；their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced: they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to make tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.
小题1:What"s the passage mainly about?(within 10 words)
小题2:List the difficulties our ancestors met according to the text.(within 15 words)
①
②
③
小题3:Fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words or phrases.
小题4:Why do we make new products more and more time-saving according to Paragraph 1 of this passage?
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the 3rd paragraph into Chinese.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine（带状矿）. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer（层） of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
小题1:What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?
| A．To seek help for Nauru’s problems. | B．To give a warning to other countries. |
| C．To show the importance of money. | D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war. |
| A．Rich and powerful. | B．Modern and open. |
| C．Peaceful and attractive. | D．Greedy and aggressive. |
| A．soil pollution | B．phosphate over mining |
| C．farming activity | D．whale hunting |
| A．Its leaders misused the money. | B．It spent too much repairing the island. |
| C．Its phosphate mining cost much money. | D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war. |
| A．The phosphate mines were destroyed. | B．The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously. |
| C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans. | D．The ecological damage is difficult to repair. |
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