题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
In the study, women who were new mothers scored better on tests of visuospatial memory – the ability to understand and remember information about their surroundings—compared with women who didn’t have children.
The findings contradicts the old belief that women develop“baby brain" or a decline in memory and cognitive(认知的) function, after they have kids, said study researcher Melissa Santiago, a doctoral student at Carlos Albizu University in Miami. “You don’t have to feel that because you have kids, your memory isn’t the same," Santiago said.
The study was small, and the findings will have to be tested in larger groups of people, Santiago said.
Previous studies on the topic have had mixed results—some showed motherhood hurts cognition, and others showed the opposite. Studies on rats show those with pups have better memory than those without offspring.
Santiago analyzed information from 35 first-time mothers whose children were ages 10 to 24 months, and 35 women who had never been pregnant. Both groups scored similarly on intelligence tests. The average age of mothers was 29 and the average age of never-pregnant women was 27.
To test visuospatial memory, the women were shown a paper containing six symbols for 10 seconds, and then asked to draw what they remembered. This task was repeated several times. The first time women were shown the paper, both groups remembered about the same amount. But on the second and third pass, mothers performed better than those without children, indicating that the mothers collected more information each time than the other women.
Later, the women were shown a variety of different symbols, and asked to remember which ones were presented on the earlier task. Mothers did not make a mistake in this task—they remembered every symbol correctly—but those without children made one or two errors, Santiago said.
小题1: How did Santiago lead to the findings?
| A．By observation. | B．By comparison. |
| C．By analyzing intelligence tests. | D．By asking women questions. |
| A．The study received little attention. |
| B．The study has just started. |
| C．The study was carried out among a small group of people. |
| D．A small group of researchers were involved in the study. |
| A．Ways to test visuospatial memory. |
| B．Why having kids improves memory. |
| C．How young mothers are different from never-pregnant women. |
| D．The negative effects that worries of women without children have. |
| A．may cause a heated discussion among parents |
| B．may cause an increase in the birth rate |
| C．are tested by previous similar studies |
| D．are encouraging news for mothers |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:D
解析
试题分析：研究人员Santiago通过对比试验表明，有孩子的妈妈和没有孩子的女性比起来，视觉空间的记忆力不会减少而且会增强。
小题1:推理题：从第五段的句子：可知Santiago 做研究的时候是将第一次做妈妈的妇女和从未做过妈妈的妇女做比较，所以是通过对比得出发现的，选B
小题2:细节题：从第四段的句子：The study was small, and the findings will have to be tested in larger groups of people, Santiago said. 可知Santiago说这个实验很小，需要在更大的群体中做研究。选C。
小题3:细节题：从第二段的句子：In the study, women who were new mothers scored better on tests of visuospatial memory – the ability to understand and remember information about their surroundings可知在这篇文章中讨论是检验视觉空间记忆力的方法，选A
小题4:推理题：从第三段的句子：“You don’t have to feel that because you have kids, your memory isn’t the same," Santiago said.可知这项研究对有孩子的妈妈来说，因为有了孩子记忆力增加，是个好消息。选D。
核心考点
试题【Having a child may improve a woman’s memory, a new study suggests.In the study, 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also economic losses. Farmers lose money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell quickly.
But in nineteen ninety-five a teacher in northern Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He developed the “Pot-in-Pot Preservation/Cooling System.” It uses two round containers made of clay. A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one. The space between the two pots is filled with wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit, vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system.
Food stored in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation(蒸发) process. Water in the sand between the two pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot, where drier outside air is moving.
The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees. This cools the inner pot and helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. Some foods can be kept fresh this way for several weeks.
People throughout Nigeria began using the invention. And it became popular with farmers in other African countries. Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first five thousand pot-in-pot systems for his own community and five villages nearby.
In two thousand, the Rolex Watch Company of Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to develop projects aimed at improving human knowledge and well-being. A committee considers projects in science and medicine, technology, exploration and discovery, the environment and cultural history. Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.
小题1:Which is the best title of the passage?
| A．A Few Degrees can Make a Big Difference for Storage |
| B． A Cool Way to Keep Food from Spoiling |
| C． Spoiled Food Creates Health Risks and Economic Losses |
| D． The Evaporation Process Creates a Drop in Temperature |
| A．the structure of the invention |
| B．the usage of the invention |
| C．the cost of the invention |
| D．the inspiration of the invention |
| A．the wet cloth covering the cooling system. |
| B．the moving drier air outside the container |
| C．the wet sand between the containers |
| D．a drop in temperature by evaporation |
| A．rich and advanced families |
| B．scientific experiment laboratory |
| C．poor and underdeveloped area |
| D．supermarket needing to store goods |
| A．invented the controversial cooling system |
| B．financed the systems in all communities |
| C．received financial assistance for his invention |
| D．invented more complicated cooling system later |
All this saves time, but at a price.When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag；our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also , according to some scientists；too much use may put harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about.
However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.
There was a time when some people"s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation(耕耘) of the land or the care of cattle. No multi tasking there；their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced: they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to make tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.
小题1:What"s the passage mainly about?(within 10 words)
小题2:List the difficulties our ancestors met according to the text.(within 15 words)
①
②
③
小题3:Fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words or phrases.
小题4:Why do we make new products more and more time-saving according to Paragraph 1 of this passage?
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the 3rd paragraph into Chinese.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru’s real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate (磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine（带状矿）. When a company strip-mines, it removes the top layer（层） of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroys the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
小题1:What might be the author’s purpose in writing the text?
| A．To seek help for Nauru’s problems. | B．To give a warning to other countries. |
| C．To show the importance of money. | D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war. |
| A．Rich and powerful. | B．Modern and open. |
| C．Peaceful and attractive. | D．Greedy and aggressive. |
| A．soil pollution | B．phosphate over mining |
| C．farming activity | D．whale hunting |
| A．Its leaders misused the money. | B．It spent too much repairing the island. |
| C．Its phosphate mining cost much money. | D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war. |
| A．The phosphate mines were destroyed. | B．The leaders will take the experts’ words seriously. |
| C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans. | D．The ecological damage is difficult to repair. |
Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources(资源), we are short of(缺乏) others, for example, fresh water(淡水). It is reported that we will have no coal(煤) or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move? Think about it. I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible.
In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps(水龙头) when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best.
小题1:From the passage we know that some students often _______ in the school.
| A．eat too much | B．don’t work hard | C．waste things | D．throw rubbish everywhere |
| A．Fresh water. | B．Forest. | C．Oil. | D．Coal. |
| A．We may still have enough oil. | B．We may still have enough coal. |
| C．We may have a little oil. | D．We may have no coal or oil to use. |
| A．Stop Wasting | B．School life |
| C．Waste in the School | D．Rich Resources in China |
These belief systems usually develop around the animals that interact (互动) with humans most frequently. Therefore, it should not be surprising that so many stories surround the most common of animals: rats. Rats live side by side with humans all over the world and regularly interact with people. Human-rat coexistence may be common all around the world, but different cultures respond to that closeness in different ways.
In the United States and Europe, one typical attitude is that the rat is a pest. This could be due to the common belief that rats spread disease. Actually, they don’t, at least not directly, but many people don’t know that. The Pied Piper of Hamlin, a well-known children’s story, is one example of how rats have been described in Western literature: in that story, rats cause such a problem that a town has to hire a piper to call them all away.
In many Latin American countries, the rat is described in a very different way. The story of the tooth fairy (a fairy believed by children to leave money while they sleep in exchange for a tooth that has come out) is common all over the world, but in Latin America, the “fairy” is a rat! Rats do have very strong teeth, which could explain the association. Clearly, this shows another attitude toward rats that is much more positive.
Yet another attitude toward the rat can be seen in the Chinese Zodiac (生肖). The Rat is one of the animals of the Zodiac. Like the other zodiac animals, the Rat is neither entirely good nor entirely bad. It’s described as clever and friendly, but also tricky and not entirely honest. That may be the most accurate description of the rat so far. Whether you like rats or not, it’s hard to deny their reputation for cleverness.
As many people are discovering these days, rats can even make excellent pets, so long as you remember to close the cage carefully!
小题1:What does the passage mainly talk about?
| A．A trend of keeping rats as pets. |
| B．How different cultures look at rats. |
| C．How humans get along with animals. |
| D．Favored animals in different cultures. |
| A．unpleasant | B．honest | C．smart | D．unusual |
| A．the tooth fairy is lovely |
| B．rats look very frightening |
| C．rats are welcome in Latin American countries |
| D．the story of the tooth fairy is common all over the world |
| A．don’t spread disease |
| B．should be treated as pests |
| C．are fairly described in the Chinese Zodiac |
| D．are kept as pets by more and more people |
| A．travel guide | B．news report | C．nature magazine | D．history textbook |
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