题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
"in the last 50 years there has been a 1 6-fold increase in ozone(臭氧)pollution”in the Beijing area,said Hanqin Tian of Auburn University in Alabama,who studies the effects of China"s pollution and climate change on plants.
Ozone is particularly harmful to plants because it damages the pores(气孔) on leaves,called stomata,which plants use to regulate how much water evaporates from the leaves.That,in turn,affectS how much water a plant must take up through its roots.Changes in water uptake by plants have been documented in other parts of the world,including the United States,as having major impacts on regional groundwater and surface water supplies.
In studies of the long-term productivity of plants,Hanqin Tian and some of his colleagues show that ozone pollution,along with climate change,has been lowering plant productivity in China,which reduces the amount of carbon and other pollutants that the plants Can absorb to fight all the emissions from the burning offossil fuels.
The worst effects on plants are likely to be in areas where the growing pollution problem is just fairly new, said Arthur Chappelka, also a plant researcher at Auburn University.Some plants are more resistant to pollutants than others,he said,and the plants that are living today in long-polluted urban areas are likely to be only those that are very pollution tolerant.
Away from the cities, however, where crops are necded to feed China’s yast population, the effeets of the growing pollution on crops is a significant concern.
“In some ways it affects the crop production and food securiy of China,”said Hanqin Tian.“Air quality is really important for human health, plants and ecosystem and sustainability.”
The problem is bound to get worse as China continues to develop economically, he said, and so he and other researchers continue to urge the Chinese government to take action to reduce emissions from cars and industries.
小题1:ozone does harm to plants mainly by ________.
A.exposing them to strong sunlight |
B.damaging the structure of their leaves |
C.adding more pores to the roots |
D.making the land unfit for the plants to grow |
A.Ozone pollution has increased 1 6 times in the past 30 years. |
B.Ozone pollution has lowered plant productivity alone. |
C.Plants can take in a large amount of carbon and other pollutants. |
D.The toxic air has few effects on food supply in China. |
A.Healthy foods are not available in Beijing. |
B.Some kinds of plants aren’t affected by air pollution. |
C.Crops in China are hard to feed its large population. |
D.People should stop developing economically |
A.care more about developing economy |
B.reduce the number of cars and industries |
C.continue to make more researches |
D.take measures to reduce carbon emissions |
A.Polluted air damages plants and crops |
B.Air pollution is becoming more serious |
C.China’s air pollution and climate changes |
D.Food security in China |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:A
解析
试题分析:文章介绍了臭氧和其他有害气体对植物的生长和农作物的产量所具有影响和危害。
小题1:细节题:根据第三段第一句“Ozone is particularly harmful to plants because it damages the pores(气孔) on leaves”臭氧对植物特别有害因为它破坏叶子气孔。故选B。
小题2:推理题: 根据第四段最后一句“ the plants Can absorb to fight all the emissions from the burning offossil fuels”植物可以吸收所有排放燃烧矿物燃料。故选C。
小题3:推理题:根据第四段中“which reduces the amount of carbon and other pollutants that the plants Can absorb to fight all the emissions from the burning offossil fuels.”减少二氧化碳和其他污染物的数量,植物可以吸收对抗所有的排放燃烧矿物燃料。由此可知有些植物不受空气污染影响。故选B。
小题4:细节题:根据最后一段最后一句“urge the Chinese government to take action to reduce emissions from cars and industries.”敦促中国政府采取行动来减少汽车尾气排放和工业。故选D。
小题5:主旨题:全文介绍了臭氧和其他有害气体对植物和农作物的影响和危害。故选A。
核心考点
试题【As people in Beijing and northern China struggle with severe air pollution this 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The daughter of one of my friends English in primary school, her foreign teacher’s blindness psychology. She did not want to go on English until middle school, a college student studying English slowly her interest in the language.
It is better to have the child learn Chinese than to have some difficulty learning English for several years. Having been engaged in English education, find that despite(尽管) their excellent , many students have command of English words and phrases. So I suggest that children
classical Chinese prose(散文),rather than them to learn English hurriedly. Otherwise, they may let go the best time to the language ability of their mother tongue.
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E-mails, screen savers, and electronic greeting cards can carry a secret code which is able to turn on the computer’s microphone, make a recording, and forward it to someone else without the user’s knowledge.
In fact any attachments (附件) sent to a computer, whether it is a game of Space Invaders, or a moving picture, can possibly be used to spy (窥探).
Experts say people should always think twice about opening attachments because --- although not common --- bugging (窃听) by computer can and has been done.
Bill Lyons, head of the Internet Security Company Finjan, said, “People in the army have tested this and you can be sure, if people in general are aware of it, then computer hackers (黑客) are aware of it. The frightening thing is that there are tools on the Internet which people, using a simple search method, can find, and which will enable them to attach this dangerous code to simple attachments.”
小题1:What is the advice given in the passage?
A.Use secret codes to record other people’s conversation. |
B.Be careful when opening an attachment. |
C.Never open any attachments. |
D.Never use secret codes. |
A.nobody seems to believe such things |
B.nobody knows the danger of the code |
C.tools can easily be used to tie dangerous codes to e-mails |
D.effective ways can never be found to deal with the problem. |
A.A moving picture cannot be used to spy. |
B.Electronic greeting cards cannot carry a secret code. |
C.A secret code is used to destroy the computer system. |
D.Any attachments sent to a computer may carry a secret code. |
Should the color be white or black? Or perhaps navy blue! Well, choosing the right graduation dress for middle school students can be a little difficult at times. Here are some ideas for graduation dress for middle school students.
For many students, middle school graduation marks a big change in their lives. This is a step that takes students away from junior high school but towards the elementary level before senior high school. Compared to elementary (初级的) school, middle school means more lessons and more classes, but of course, students can also see it as an opportunity to make new friends.
Well, it is no wonder that the graduation day of a middle school is often planned formally. Although this occasion is not considered to be really formal like a high school graduation, it is still celebrated in many ways. Besides, it is also considered to be a very important part of someone"s life.
Many schools often have middle school graduation parties. Well, the question that often arises in the minds of young students is about the right graduation dress for themselves. Long flowing dress with caps are commonly seen. Students should always stick to a common graduation dress that creates uniformity (统一) among all. The dress can be royal blue, black or even golden. If they seem too formal for the party, you can even plan for a common color for all the students. For example, white shirts with black pants or skirts can serve the needs of such a special occasion.
Whether the graduation party is simple or great, the graduation dress for middle school students should be planned accordingly. The main idea would be to accept the success of the students and celebrate with family and friends.
小题1:What does the text mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________
小题2:What does middle school mean to students compared to elementary school? (no more than l2 words)
_____________________________________________________________
小题3:Please explain the underlined word “arises’’ in Paragraph 4 in English. (no more than 3 words)
_____________________________________________________________
小题4:What is the common graduation dress like? (no more than 9 words)
_____________________________________________________________
小题5:What is the purpose of a graduation party? (no more than l5 words)
_____________________________________________________________
Moss(藓类植物) found buried beneath the Teardrop glacier(冰川) on Ellesmere Island in Canada has been brought back to life. Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps. Plants that were buried beneath thick ice in Canada more than 400 years ago and were thought to have frozen to death have been brought back to life by Canadian scientists.
Samples of the moss plant, covered by the glacier during the Little Ice Age of 1550 to 1850 AD, were replanted in a lab at the University of Alberta and grew new stems(茎). Researchers now think these findings can give indication as to how regions can recover as the ice covering them melts.
Biologist Dr. Catherine La Farge and her team at the University of Alberta were exploring the region around the Teardrop glacier on Ellesmere Island. Ice on Ellesmere Island region has been melting at around four meters each year for the past nine years. This means that many areas of land that were previously covered by ice have since been exposed. Many ecosystems that were thought to have been destroyed during the Little Ice Age between 1550 and 1850 AD can now be studied, including many species that have never been studied before.
While examining an exposed area of land, La Farge and her team discovered a small area of moss called Aulacomnium turgidum. It is a type of bryophyte(苔藓类植物) plant that mainly grows across Canada, the US and the Highlands of Scotland.
Dr La Farge noticed that the moss had small patches of green stems, suggesting it is either growing again or can be encouraged to repopulate. Dr La Farge told the BBC, “When we looked at the samples in detail and brought them to the lab, I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches, suggesting that these plants are growing again, and that blew my mind. When we think of thick areas of ice covering the landscape, we’ve always thought that plants have to come from refugia(濒绝生物保护区), never considering that land plants come from underneath a glacier. It’s a whole world of what’s coming out from underneath the glacier that really needs to be studied. The ice is disappearing pretty fast. We really have not examined all the biological systems that exist in the world; we don’t know it all.”
Dr La Farge took samples of the moss and, using carbon-dating techniques, discovered that the plants date back to the Little Ice Age. Dr La Farge’s team took the samples, planted them in dishes full of nutrient-rich potting soil and fed them with water.
The samples were from four separate species including Aulacomnium turgidum, Distichium capillaceum, Encalypta procera and Syntrichia ruralis. The moss plants found by Dr La Farge are types of bryophytes. Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.
However, Dr La Farge was surprised that the plants buried under ice have survived into the twenty-first century. Her findings appear in proceedings(论文集)of the National Academy of Sciences.
小题1:Dr La Farge’s research is of great importance to ________.
A.knowing what the plants during the Little Ice Age were like |
B.understanding how ecosystems recover from glaciers. |
C.regrowing many species that have been destroyed before. |
D.figuring out the effects of melting ice caps on moss. |
A.surprised me | B.greatly frightened me |
C.put my doubt out of my mind | D.was exactly what I had in my mind |
A.lives better in small groups |
B.is very active in hot weather |
C.is strong enough to survive coldness |
D.is chosen from Canadian refugia |
A.Bryophyte ecology is greatly affected by climate change. |
B.400-year-old moss’s survival is a mystery to solve. |
C.Moss in ancient times was discovered in Canada. |
D.400-year-old plants were brought back to life. |
These experiments were conducted by psychological scientists, Nadia Chernyak and Tamar Kushnir of Cornell University. They found that sharing things with others when they are given a difficult choice leads children to think of themselves as people who like to share. It also makes them more likely to act in a pro-social (亲社会的)manner in the future.
Previous research has explained why rewarding children for sharing can backfire. Children come to think of themselves as people who don"t like to share since they had to be rewarded for doing so. Because they don"t view themselves as "sharers", they are less likely to share in the future.
Chernyak and Kushnir were interested in finding out whether freely chosen sacrifice might have the opposite effect on kids" willingness to share. To test this, the researchers introduced five-year-old children to Doggie, a sad puppet. Some of the children were given a difficult choice: Share a precious sticker(贴纸) with Doggie, or keep it for themselves. Other children were given an easy choice between sharing and putting the sticker away, while children in a third group were required by the researcher to share.
Later on, all the children were introduced to Ellie, another sad puppet. They were given the option of how many stickers to share (up to three). The kids who earlier made the difficult choice to help Doggie shared more stickers with Ellie. The children who were initially faced with an easy choice or who were required to give their sticker to Doggie, on the other hand, shared fewer stickers with Ellie. Therefore, children did not benefit from simply giving something up, but rather from willingly choosing to give something up of value.
“You might imagine that making difficult, costly choices is demanding for young children or even that once children share, they don’t feel the need to do so again,” Chernyak says. “But this wasn"t the case: once children made a difficult decision to give up something for someone else, they were more generous, not less, later on.” Chernyak concludes.
小题1:_______ helps children to share more in the future.
A.Rewarding children for sharing |
B.Forcing children to share |
C.Allowing children to share precious things willingly |
D.Allowing children to share what they don’t need |
A.have an opposite effect | B.serve as a push |
C.cause anger | D.avoid taking things back |
A.they regret what they did | B.it’s not their own choice |
C.Ellie is not as sad as Doggie | D.they like to share with a real person |
A.parents will never find a way to get children to share toys |
B.a gift should be given to make up for children’s sacrifice |
C.children pretend to be generous when they are being observed |
D.making difficult choices may influence sharing behavior |
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