题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Vaccines battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.A weakened form of the germ (病菌) is introduced into the body.The body makes special substances called antibodies (抗体) to fight the germs.If the actual germs were to attack，the antibodies would fight.Because there are many kinds of flu viruses，scientists must create a new vaccine formula (处方) each year.Researchers must make a prediction.
It is like forecasting the weather.Sometimes they are right on，and sometimes they are off.But even when the vaccine does not closely match circulating flu types，it can make the illness less serious.
“The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小儿麻痹症) vaccine or the measles vaccine，” says Dr.William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.“It’s not a great vaccine，but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.”
But a flu vaccine doesn’t work for everyone.There are certain people who should be careful about taking it，because the vaccine is produced in eggs.Those who are allergic (过敏的) to eggs should not take it.If you have a fever，you should wait until you recover.
Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot.Scientists say that it is not possible，because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated.But some minor side effects such as lowgrade fever and body ache could occur.If they do，they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.
Did you know？Smallpox was the first disease people tried to prevent by putting a virus into a healthy person.In 1796，English scientist Edward Jenner placed some infected material under a boy’s skin.
小题1:The underlined word “vaccine” (in Para.1) refers to________.
| A．virus used for fighting against disease |
| B．antibody to fight the germs |
| C．formula to fight against disease |
| D．germ to be injected into the body |
| A．is as effective as the polio and the measles vaccines |
| B．is worse，compared with the polio and the measles vaccines |
| C．does help to make illness less serious |
| D．is quite good because it works for everyone |
| A．those who are not allergic to eggs can take the flu vaccine |
| B．not all the flu vaccines are effective for everyone |
| C．you should go to a doctor if you have a fever after taking the flu vaccine |
| D．it is possible that some people might get the flu from the flu shot |
| A．they’ll be allergic to eggs |
| B．their bodies will ache for 5 days |
| C．they probably have a low fever |
| D．they won’t catch a flu ever after |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:C
解析
小题1: D
解析 词义猜测题。由第二段可知，一种形式受到弱化的病菌被注入体内，人体就会产生抗体。病毒入侵时，抗体就能抗击病毒，因而vaccine是一种注入人体的病菌，故选D项。
小题2: C
解析 细节理解题。William Schaffner说流感疫苗不像小儿麻痹症疫苗或麻疹疫苗那么有效，后又说它不是一个效果特别好的疫苗，但是效果还不错，也就是说多多少少对疾病会有帮助。
小题3: B
解析 推理判断题。文章第三段说流感疫苗就像天气预报那样，有的时候能对上正在流行的流感类型，有的时候则对不上。第五段第一句又说疫苗不是对每个人都管用，也就是说流感疫苗并不是对每个人都有效。
小题4: C
解析 细节理解题。由文章倒数第二段可知，注射流感疫苗后，人体可能会有反应，比如发低烧和身体疼痛等，但这些症状在一两天内就可消失。
核心考点
试题【Did you get a flu shot this year？For the first time，the Centers for Disease Cont】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
For home stuff，being organized means having a place to put your things and putting them back as you go.It means hanging your coat up instead of dropping it on the floor or throwing it on a chair.It means keeping your schoolbag，your shoes，and your clean underwear in the same places so you always know where to find them.
Planning is part of being organized，too.Planning means deciding what you will do and when you will do it.Calendars，lists，and schedules can help you plan.You can buy or draw a calendar and keep it near your workplace.Making a schedule or a “todo” list for yourself is a good idea.Looking at your list helps you keep track of what you need to do.Add new things as you get assignments，and check off things when you’ve done them.Use your list to help you decide which thing is the most important to work on first.
It takes some extra efforts to organize yourself and your stuff.But once you’re organized，you feel great.The less time you spend hunting around for things or panicking about homework，the more time you have for better things，like reading a good book or playing.
小题1:According to the first paragraph，“being organized” probably means “________”．
| A．looking for something with others here and there |
| B．doing something according to the plan made ahead of time |
| C．getting together every now and then |
| D．telling you what you have to do every day |
| A．leave all the things as they are |
| B．hang your coat on a chair |
| C．know where your clean underwear is |
| D．ask your mom where your shoes are |
a．Deciding what you have to do and when.
b．Finding a notebook where you can write down your “todo” list.
c．Getting rid of the things that have been done in the list.
d．Making a “todo” list for yourself.
| A．b，a，d，c | B．a，d，c，b |
| C．c，b，a，d | D．d，c，b，a |
| A．Planning Is Part of Being Organized |
| B．A Good Beginning Is Half Done |
| C．Being Organized—an Important Skill |
| D．Where There Is a Will There Is a Way |
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periods—even if you also exercise regularly—could be bad for your health.And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place—at the office，at school，in the car or before a computer or TV—just the overall number of hours it occurs.Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat，have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial published this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine，Elin EkblomBak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity，they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position.
“After four hours of sitting，the body starts to send harmful signals，”said EkblomBak.She explained that genes regulating(调节) the amount of glucose(葡萄糖) and fat in the body start to shut down.
Even for people who exercise，spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.Tim Armstrong，a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization，said people who exercise every day—but still spend a lot of time sitting—might get more benefit if that exercise was spread across the day，rather than in a single bout(一回)．
Still，in a study published in 2009 that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years，researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk，whether or not they exercised.
“We don’t have enough evidence yet to say how much sitting is bad，” said Peter Katzmarzyk of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge，who led the Canadian study.“But it seems the more you can get up and interrupt this sedentary behavior，the better.”
Figures from a U．S. survey in 20032004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting，from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous，and what might be possible to offset those effects.
“People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits，” EkblomBak said.“But when they’re in the office，they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible，” she said.
小题1:What is the best title for the text?
| A．Not Sitting Too Much While Working |
| B．How to Avoid Sitting Too Much |
| C．Sitting Too Much Could Be Deadly |
| D．More and More People Sit Too Much |
| A．the more time you spend in exercising in a single bout(一回)，the healthier you will be |
| B．those who often sit too much are sure to grow fat or suffer from a heart attack |
| C．regular exercise is effective to get rid of the side effects of sitting too much |
| D．you had better not sit for more than four hours in a single bout |
| A．It results in a higher death risk. |
| B．It increases glucose and fat in the body. |
| C．It makes a person unable to exercise long enough in a day. |
| D．It causes the gene to fail to balance the glucose and fat in the body. |
| A．improve | B．avoid |
| C．ignore | D．achieve |
Being home most of your life and then suddenly finding yourself on your own in a large campus without your parents to hold your hand can be annoying.However，rather than thinking about your missing home too much，why not see this new stage in your life as an opportunity for selfgrowth and develop the right attitude that will prepare you for the rigors of postgraduation life，particularly when you join the workforce?
Specialinterest clubs or organizations are great for selfgrowth.Here，not only do you get the opportunity to meet with likeminded people，you can also discover more things about your field of interest.Club meetings usually include lively discussions，so go there with the right attitude.You should try to build a good name in the organization by being respectful，active and considerate to others.
You might not like all of your professors，but they are there to provide knowledge you need to be successful in your chosen field.Thus，show up for each class with the right attitude and determination to learn.Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your selfgrowth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.
Actively participating in a class debate(辩论) or lecture contributes to your selfgrowth as it helps you build confidence in speaking up and improves your communication skills.It also helps you develop the right attitude by exercising diplomacy(外交术) when you choose your words carefully especially when discussing a very politically sensitive issue and exercising patience when dealing with classmates who shoot down your ideas.
小题1:In the writer’s opinion，how can college students develop a positive attitude?
| A．By joining specialinterest clubs. |
| B．By focusing on their studies. |
| C．By taking up parttime jobs. |
| D．By making friends with others. |
| A．forget the family |
| B．be respectful at club meetings |
| C．try to attend each class |
| D．take an active part in a class debate |
| A．college life is very interesting |
| B．friendship can help college students avoid stress |
| C．students should choose words carefully at any occasion |
| D．it is important to have a good teacherstudent relationship |
| A．introduce how to show yourself in college |
| B．tell college students how to socialize with others |
| C．give college students some advice on selfgrowth |
| D．explain the importance of fouryear college life |
The first thing to do if you decide to try Internet dating is to build your profile (简介) which can include your hobbies，hopes for the future，and so on.A photograph is optional，but many sites claim that a photograph increases the number of people who look at your profile.Many Internet dating sites will charge a onetime registration fee to use their services.
Internet dating makes it possible to meet people from all over the world.Your call even narrow the search down to your area by zip code (邮政编码)．Another advantage is that you can communicate by email before you meet in person.Thousands of people have met，fallen in love，and married through Internet dating.It is an excellent way for shy people to meet.It is also a way for people with busy lives to connect with others，and an easy way to meet people who share your interests.
Just as in conventional dating and love，there are some pitfalls to be aware of in Internet dating.The person you have been talking to on the Net may not be who they say they are.Be very aware that there are some people who misrepresent their appearance or private details，such as marital status，income，and so on，for their own reasons.It would not be the first time that someone has been taken in，and talk shows are full of cheating partners who have been caught dating over the Internet in their spare time.Nevertheless，taking a few simple precautions (防范措施) should help ensure that your Internet dating experience is fun.
小题1:The purpose of writing the passage is to________.
| A．persuade readers to go dating on the Internet |
| B．inform us how to date on the Internet |
| C．warn readers against web love |
| D．introduce Internet dating to us |
| A．A photo. | B．A profile. |
| C．Registration fee. | D．Business experience. |
| A．rules | B．trends |
| C．problems | D．skills |
| A．Conventional dating. | B．Hidden advantages. |
| C．Safety measures. | D．Romantic love. |
Most people learn best using a variety of____，but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people.They____an environment where you can practice under the ____ of someone who’s good at the language.We all lead ____ lives and learning a language takes____.You will have more success if you study regularly，so try to develop a____.It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years，but learning to get by takes____.
Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“I’m too____，” they say.Yes，children do learn languages more ___ than adults，but research has shown that you can learn a language at any____.And learning is good for the health of your brain，too.I’ve also heard people____ about the mistakes they make when____.Well，relax and laugh about your mistakes ____you’re much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never ___.But with some work and devotion，you’ll make progress.And you’ll be ____by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in ___ own language.Good luck！ (2013·安徽)
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| C．routine | D．project |
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| A．worry | B．hesitate |
| C．think | D．quarrel |
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