题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”
Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.
Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.
Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
小题1:The author states that many educators feel that
[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.
[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
小题2:Research has shown that
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.
the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.
[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
小题3:Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.
[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.
is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.
[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
小题4:After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.
a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.
[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
小题5:It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
academic requirement too high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000 positions.
Vocabulary
dropout 辍学者,中途退学
well-rounded 全面的
attrition 缩/减员,磨损
drain 枯竭
bracket 一类人,(尤指按收入分类的)阶层
lagging behind other fields 落后于其它领域
glum 阴郁的
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:A
解析
难句译注
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s.
【参考译文】教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学的高比率;这对迫切需要博士生的国家是一个人才方面的严重损失。
It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
【结构分析】sent过去分词,修饰questionnaires。Who定语从句修饰students。
【参考译文】这份全面调查报告是以22000份调查表分送给以前在24所大学就读的博士生为基础的。这份全面调查报告似乎说明过去许多担心害怕是没有根据的。
Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.
【结构分析】被动句。To capacity满额,全力。
【参考译文】博士水平的人员的缩减被认为是宝贵的教授时间的浪费和已经被使用到极限的大学资源的枯竭。
This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
【结构分析】the fact的同位语that从句中的where是定语从句,修饰academic fields。
【参考译文】这也可能表明这样一个事实:在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中,高工资仍然落后于其它领域。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文章一开始就提出教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学达50%的问题。而调查报告证明,只有31%。辍学造成不良后果,有人建议中途退学者回炉再念博士学位学业。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。
小题1:A. 许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习,特别是有些学科。这在第三段最后一句话:“有些人建议高级专家和大学教师短缺现象可以通过劝说辍学者返回校园完成博士学位来减少。”
B. 辍学者应回到稍第几的学校去完成学业。 C. 有博士学位的人一般比辍学者具有较好的适应性。 D. 高辍学率主要原因在于教师方面缺乏刺激鼓励。这三项文内没有提。
小题2:D.约三分之一开始就读博士学位的人没有完成学业取得学位。第二段第一句:“辍学率为31%。大多数情况下,辍学人不能完成博士学位学业,就去从事生产性工作”。
A. 辍学者的经济收入比博士生低许多。这是错的。见倒数第二段:“作为辍学者干得真不错的证明,统计图表说明2%人文学科的辍学者年收入为20000多没劲,没有一个同样背景的博士生达到这个数字。7000至15000美元年收入水平为博士生的78%,辍学者仅为50%。” B. 在博士学习中刺激因素较小。 C. 博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。
小题3:C. 博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在第四段有所表示:“约75%的退学者说,他们决定退学并不是处于学术的原因,而处于学术原因的退学者提出:难以通过资格考试,难以完成研究,通不过外语考试”。这里看出外语是博士生课程的基本组成部分。
A. 它是退学最频繁的原因。 B. 它对理科博士生比文科博士应考生更难。 D. 它在大学中的难度并没有不同。
小题4:A. 读完这篇文章,人们不会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最后一段。第三段末:“我们研究的结果并不支持这些一件(包括返回校园之意见):⑴缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。⑵大多数退学者在博士课程上已经达到和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。⑶大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受教育和动机相一致。”最后一段:“至于返回校园的可能性,前景不乐观。至少有25%的退学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读,条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平,有些还要保留他们目前的工作。”
B. 博士生退学者,大体而论,并不具备得到学位所需要的一切。 C. 学院和大学雇佣了许多退学生。 D. 博士生在非学术岗位上没有挣到他们应得的钱。B.、C.两项文内没提。D.不对,参见难句译注4。
小题5:A. 博士生的工资太低。见第四题A.的译注和难句译注4。
B. 学术要求太高。这只是某些因学术原因辍学者之强调点。 C. 辍学者工资太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。见第二题D项注释。 D. 职位低。文内没有提。
核心考点
试题【 Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the do】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Estelle Morris, the UK Education Secretary, opened the 2002 Education Technology Conference in London recently. To start the conference, she presented a video showing a computer—generated model of the school of tomorrow.
Greater use of computer technology and classroom assistants will help students develop their own way of learning, Morris said. She added that this is a more exciting as well as a more interesting way of learning.
At the same time, teachers will be “freed from their traditional role as the source of all knowledge”.
Children of all abilities will “form the curriculum(课程)around their individual needs.” They will “learn in their own time, at their own speed and in their own environment”.
At home or at school, they will follow their learning programmes by looking at online libraries and watching lessons by world-class teachers and subject experts.
Instead of going on field trips, students will use virtual reality. If they don’t understand something, they can ask other students—“take part in virtual communities with learners with similar needs”—or e-mail their teachers. They will hand in their work electronically to be “auto-marked”.
The classroom of the future is fast becoming a reality.
And the Department of Education will soon produce a guide to help schools adapt buildings for new technology, Morris said. These ideas are based on the UK government’s plan to create an education system that provides students with a strong grounding of knowledge and skills at primary school level. And provides the chance for students to develop their individual skills at secondary school level.
小题1:According to the UK’s Department of Education and Skills, the school of the future will ______.
A.cause more problems such as being able to find enough teachers |
B.set no homework and no tests for students |
C.make good use of the computer technology and classroom assistants |
D.enable students to learn by themselves without teachers |
A.helping students develop their own way of learning |
B.enabling students to experience interesting and exciting ways of learning |
C.providing students with knowledge of all sorts |
D.not being considered the source of various knowledge |
A.go on a field trip |
B.go to ask their teachers to help them |
C.send e-mail to ask for a teacher’s help |
D.have a look at other learners’ homework |
A.provided with a basic knowledge from the beginning |
B.given more knowledge at primary school level |
C.helped to use computers better |
D.supplied chance to develop their basic skills |
Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
小题1:With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
[A] Types of mass transportation.
[B] Instability of urban life.
[C] How supply and demand determine land use.
[D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
小题2:Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?
[A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
[B] To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
[C] To show mass transportation changed many cities.
[D] To contrast their rate of growth.
小题3:According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
[A] It was expensive.
[B] It happened too slowly.
[C] It was unplanned.
[D] It created a demand for public transportation.
小题4:The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,
[A] that is large.
[B] that is used as a model for land development.
[C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.
[D] with an excellent mass transportation system.
Vocabulary
1.revise 改变
2.fabric 结构
3.catalyze 催化,加速
4.sort out 把……分门别类,拣选
5.omnibus 公共汽车/马车
6.trolley (美)有轨电车,(英)无轨电车
7.periphery 周围,边缘
8.sprawl 建筑物无计划延伸,蔓延,四面八方散开
9.lot 小片土地
10.underscore 强调,在下面划横线
11.transit lines 运输线路
12.subdivision (出售的)小块土地,再划分小区
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very probably be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.
小题1: The writer is in favor of the view that man’s intelligence is given to him____________.
A.at birth |
B.through education |
C.neither at birth nor through education |
D.both at birth and through education |
A.become a genius |
B.still become a genius if he should be given special education |
C.reach his intelligence limits in rich surroundings |
D.not reach his intelligence in his life. |
A.the importance of their intelligence |
B.the importance of their positions |
C.the role of environment on intelligence |
D.the part that birth plays |
Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on Without it,the earth would be freezing,or it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because we would not get the sun’s heat and light .During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter(过滤)it,so people,plants,and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat.
Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it,if there gets to be too many gases,the each can get unusually warmer, and many plants,animals.and people will die. Plants would die because they would not be able to take the heat .This would cause us to have less food to eat, and it would also limit the food that animals have. With less food for the animals that we need to survive we would even have less food. Gradually, people,plants,and animals would all die of hunger.
People are doing many things to try to stop global warming .One thing is carpooling—driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. Another thing is being more careful about leaving electrical devices turned on. Now, more people are even riding buses or bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air .Although adults do many things to help stop global warming, kids call do just as much.
小题1:By the example given in Paragraph l, the author wants to__________.
A.explain how global warming happens |
B.show his feeling in a car in hot summer |
C.tell us cars are causes of greenhouse gases |
D.say that I there are greenhouse gases in every car |
A.light | B.greenhouse effect | C.temperature | D.heat |
A.IT only traps the heat of the sun. |
B.It does great harm to humans. |
C.It makes the earth neither to hot nor too cold. |
D.It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth. |
A.lf there is greenhouse effect.all the plants will die |
B.Human beings are likely to disappear from the earth |
C.Crops can ′t take in the heat lf there is greenhouse effect |
D.Although greenhouse effect is necessary.Too much of it will cause us to die. |
A.What kids can do to help stop global warming. |
B.Who should be responsible for the environmental problems. |
C.What global warming is doing to the environment. |
D.Why cars and buses pollute the air a lot |
The five music schools in Britain aim to provide all environment where gifted children can develop their skills under the guidance of professional musicians. Children here spend about half of a day on musical activities,for example,individual lessons,orchestras,chamber(室内音乐的)groups,voice training,conducting and theory. They also spend several hours a day practicing in private rooms .The rest of their time is taken up with the subjects:English,maths and basic sciences.
What are the disadvantages? An obvious problem is that the fees are high .However, each school will often scholarships and other forms of financial aid. Secondly, not all parents want to send their children to boarding school, especially at an early age .Almost all the directors of the specialist schools express doubts about the wisdom of admitting children as young as seven into such a tense and disciplined(守纪律的)environment. They stress,however, that their main aim is to turn out “well-rounded and well—balanced individual.”
小题1:If a child’s musical ability is not recognized___________.
A.the child may behave badly |
B.the ability may fade away |
C.the child may lose interest |
D.the parents may become anxious |
A.Their academic work may suffer. |
B.Schools lack musical equipment |
C.Music is not seen as an important subject |
D.Parents and teachers don’t work together. |
A.Their working day is longer. |
B.A range of musical training is offered |
C.More than half the day is spent on music |
D.The children have mostly one-to-one lessons |
A.Poor children may not be included |
B.They may lose their individuality |
C.There may be a discipline problem |
D.They may be too small on arrival |
A.education and development about children |
B.disadvantages of music schools |
C.music schools for children with music gift |
D.how to deal with music talented children |
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