题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Down-cutting is when a flood of water rushes over a landscape (地形) with enough force to cut deeply into the ground and leaves behind a canyon. Such a flood is usually released when a natural or man-made dam (堤坝) bursts.
Robert Webb, a research geologist, says natural dams seem to have formed and broken across the Colorado River several times during the last million years. The dams were built when lava(熔岩) from the eruptions of nearby volcanoes flowed into the river. The lava hardened into hard rocks and blocked the river, causing it to back up and form a lake. Each time the lake grew so huge that it broke the rock dam, releasing a flash flood that furthered the down-cutting process and deepened the canyon.
Down-cutting is not just an earthly event. Satellite photos sent back from Mars suggest that the process has happened there, too, say many other researchers.
The photos, taken by the Mars Global Surveyor, indicate that an enormous lake existed on Mars 3.5 billion years ago. The lake spilled into a large nearby hole. One edge of the hole broke, releasing a flash flood that quickly carved out a grand canyon.
The existence of down-cutting on Mars is just one more piece of evidence that the cold, dry planet was once warm and wet.
小题1:In the past, deep canyons were believed to have formed _______.
| A．as a result of a sudden break of volcanoes |
| B．due to river flows over millions of years |
| C．owing to the burst of artificial dams |
| D．thanks to our ancestors’ creative work |
| A．Several volcanoes broke out on Mars directly creating grand canyons. |
| B．Several great lakes existed on the upper parts of the Colorado River. |
| C．People built high dams on the upper parts of the Colorado River. |
| D．The Colorado River crossed the Grand Canyon to form down-cutting. |
| A．there are great lakes on Mars |
| B．there are active volcanoes on Mars |
| C．there might be cities on Mars |
| D．there might be life on Mars |
| A．Lakes on Earth and Mars |
| B．The Cause of Lake Formation |
| C．The Force of Dam Breaking |
| D．Canyons—Results of Flood Cutting |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:D
解析
试题分析：和以往人们的想法不同的是，这篇文章的作者认为大峡谷的形成是洪水下切侵蚀造成的，主要是上游的湖泊泛滥强大的力量造成了峡谷，文章还介绍在火星也有这种现象。
小题1:细节题：从文章第一段的句子：Some evidence suggests that the process was a gradual one in which the Colorado River (which runs through the canyon) slowly cut deeper and deeper into the ground over millions of years.可知过去深深的峡谷据相信是由于多年的河流造成的，选B
小题2:细节题：从文章第三段的句子：The lava hardened into hard rocks and blocked the river, causing it to back up and form a lake.可知在Colorado 河的上游有几个大湖，选B
小题3:细节题：从文章最后一段的句子：The existence of down-cutting on Mars is just one more piece of evidence that the cold, dry planet was once warm and wet.可知在火星上可能有生命，选D
小题4:标题确定题：从文章的内容和第二段的句子：Down-cutting is when a flood of water rushes over a landscape (地形) with enough force to cut deeply into the ground and leaves behind a canyon.可知这篇文章讲的是峡谷是由洪水下切侵蚀造成的，选D
核心考点
试题【How the Grand Canyon (大峡谷) was created remains one of the geology’s greatest mys】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Even in a weak job market, the old college try isn’t the answer for everyone. A briefing paper from the Brookings Institution warns that “we may have overdone the message” on college, senior fellow Isabel Sawhill said.
“We’ve been telling students and their families for years that college is the only way to succeed in the economy and of course there’s a lot of truth to that,” Ms. Sawhill said. “On average it does pay off… But if you load up on a whole lot of student debt and then you don’t graduate, that is a very bad situation.”
One comment that people often repeat among the years of slow job growth has been the value of education for landing a job and advancing in a career. April’s national unemployment rate stood at 7.5%, according to the Labor Department. The unemployment rate for high-school graduates over 25 years old who hadn’t attended college was 7.4%, compared with 3.9% for those with a bachelor’s degree or more education. The difference is even bigger among those aged 16-24. The jobless rate for those with only a high school diploma in that age group is about 20%. At the same time, recent research by Canadian economists cautions that a college degree is no guarantee of promising employment.
Ms. Sawhill pointed out that among the aspects that affect the value of a college education is the field of one’s major: Students in engineering or other sciences end up earning more than ones who major in the arts or education. The cost of tuition and the availability of financial aid are other considerations, with public institutions generally a better financial bargain than private ones.
She suggested two avenues for improving the situation: increasing vocational(职业的)-technical training programs and taking a page from Europe’s focus on early education rather than post-secondary learning. “The European countries put a little more attention to getting people prepared in the primary grades,” she said. “Then they have a higher bar for whoever goes to college—but once you get into college, you’re more likely to be highly subsidized(资助).”
She also is a supporter of technical training—to teach students how to be plumbers, welders and computer programmers—because “employers are desperate” for workers with these skills.
小题1:People usually think that _____.
| A．the cost of technical schooling is a problem |
| B．one will not succeed without a college degree |
| C．technical skills are most important for landing a job |
| D．there is an increased competition in getting into a college |
| A．Hearing from. | B．Changing from. |
| C．Differing from. | D．Learning from. |
| A．Public institutions charge more for education. |
| B．European universities are stricter with students. |
| C．Students with certain skills are in great demand. |
| D．Canadian students prefer to major in engineering. |
| A．too much stress has been put on the value of college degrees |
| B．technical training is more important than college education |
| C．a college degree will ensure promising employment |
| D．it’s easier for art students to find favorite jobs |
Most young people believe that cheating is wrong. However, they have cheated at least once in their high school years. So, why do they do it? Are they too lazy to study? Perhaps, it’s not as simple as that. According to some experts, one main reason why students cheat is that they see their friends get away with it. It’s an easy way out. They avoid embarrassment and their parents’ anger for not doing well in an exam. Another reason is that students think it’s OK to cheat if the subject isn’t important for their future career. What’s more, most students have to put up with the pressure of getting into university. They need to get good marks to carry on with their studies. This means that there will always be students who will do anything for a better mark.
It has never been easier to cheat than it is today. With all the technology available, students needn’t cheat by looking over their shoulders anymore. They use mobile phones to send answers to each other during a test. There is also the Internet. With hundreds of websites, students don’t have to worry because they can find lots of material which they can copy and use in projects. There are even tips on the art of cheating in exams.
Obviously, if you get caught cheating, you fail the exam or the subject. But it doesn’t really matter whether you get caught or not. What’s important is that it’s wrong. You mustn’t cheat because cheating is a lie. It deceives (欺骗) people into thinking you know more than you actually do. How can you be proud of something you have achieved through cheating? In the end, it’s not about deceiving your teachers and your parents, but about fooling yourself that you can do something you really can’t.
小题1:The tough decision that many students have to make before an exam is .
| A．whether to cheat or not | B．what to do if they fail |
| C．how to cheat | D．how to keep calm |
| A．The subjects are important for their future. | B．They are too lazy to study. |
| C．Cheating can help them please their parents. | D．Their friends ask them to cheat. |
| A．you cheat others and yourself |
| B．you can get caught and fail |
| C．you give others a bad impression |
| D．your teacher will inform your parents |
| A．Cheating can be explained but not excused. |
| B．Technology has made cheating easier. |
| C．Students cheat to get into university. |
| D．Cheating is a social and psychological problem. |
There are, of course, problems with the education system. Because of economic inequality some schools are significantly better than others and the ideas of equality of education and equality of opportunity are cruel jokes. However, the mere fact that there are some serious problems does not mean that all the dire claims are true.
One stock (陈腐的) claim is that America has fallen behind the world in education in terms of performance on various tests. While the fact that America is behind other countries is a point of concern, there are at least three points worth considering here. The first is the above-mentioned economic inequality which will tend to result in poorer performance when taking the average for America. The second is that many countries have put considerable effort into improving their education systems and hence it is worth considering that America’s decline is also due to the improvement of others. The third is the matter of the measures— do they, in fact, present an accurate picture of the situation? I am not claiming that the data is bad. I am merely raising a reasonable concern about how accurate our picture of education is at this time.
Another stock claim is that American students are doing badly on standardized tests. While there is clearly value in assessment, it is reasonable to consider whether or not such tests are a proper and adequate measure of education. It is also worth considering whether the puzzle with these tests is itself causing damage to education. That is, as teachers teach for the test and students learn for the test, it might be the case that what is being taught is not what should be taught and what is being learned is not what should be learned.
小题1:According to the professor, many people’s attitude towards American colleges is .
| A．negative | B．positive | C．approving | D．indifferent |
| A．Exact or precise. | B．Extremely serious or terrible. |
| C．Fair or objective. | D．Long and boring. |
| A．what should be taught in the American classroom |
| B．fair judgment of American education |
| C．American students’ performance on tests |
| D．an accurate picture of American colleges |
| A．defend American education |
| B．show dissatisfaction with American education |
| C．explain why American students do badly on tests |
| D．offer advice on American education reform |
“We believe that the case is closed - supplementing(补充) the diet of well-nourished adults with (most) mineral or vitamin supplements has no clear benefit and might even be harmful,” concluded the authors of the editorial summarizing the new research papers. They urge consumers to not ‘waste’ their money on multivitamins. “The ‘stop wasting your money’ means that perhaps you’re spending money on things that won’t protect you long term,” editorial co-author, Dr. Edgar Miller said, “What will protect you is if you spend the money on fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans, low fat dairy, and things like that. Exercising would probably be a better use of the money.”
The strong message was based on a review of the findings from three studies that tracked multivitamins link to cancer protection, heart health, and brain and cognitive(认知的) measures. The first study looked at vitamin supplementation’s role in preventing chronic(慢性的) disease. The next study looked at whether long-term use of multivitamins would have any effect on slowing cognitive decline. The third study looked specifically at multivitamins and minerals role in preventing heart attack. “The three studies found no difference in rates of chronic disease, heart attack and the need for hospitalization between vitamin-takers and placebo(安慰剂)-takers.” Dr. Edgar Miller stated.
One expert agreed some nutrient-deficient people may still benefit from multivitamins. “There might be an argument to continue taking a multi(vitamin) to replace or supplement your not healthy diet,” Dr. Edgar Miller added. He also notes that vitamins can benefit people with celiac disease and those who are pregnant.
小题1:This text is likely to be selected from a book of .
| A．medicine | B．education | C．food | D．business |
| A．Vitamins should not be used for chronic disease prevention. Enough is enough. |
| B．Having a balanced diet and exercising would probably be a better way to keep healthy. |
| C．The three studies do not provide support for use of multivitamin supplements. |
| D．Taking vitamins to replace or supplement your healthy diet is necessary. |
| A．Vitamin supplements have proved harmful to the health of adults. |
| B．Vitamin supplements are beneficial in certain conditions. |
| C．Nowadays taking vitamin supplements is common to most people. |
| D．Daily multivitamins will make you healthier. |
| A．persuade | B．describe | C．inform | D．instruct |
The odour of a familiar human apparently lingers like perfume in the animal’s brain – where it triggers an instinctive emotional response, research published yesterday reveals.
Our scent acts on a part of the canine brain associated with reward and the strongest reactions are produced by humans that pets know best, say scientists in America.
Gregory Berns, of Emory University in Atlanta, said: ‘While we might expect that dogs should be highly tuned to the smell of other dogs, it seems that the “reward response” is reserved for their humans.
"When humans smell the perfume or cologne of someone they love, they may have an immediate, emotional reaction that"s not necessarily cognitive.
"Our experiment may be showing the same process in dogs. But since dogs are so much more olfactory(嗅觉的) than humans, their responses would likely be even more powerful than the ones we might have.
"It"s one thing when you come home and your dog sees you and jumps on you and licks you and knows that good things are about to happen.
"In our experiment, however, the scent donors were not physically present.
Why do animals avoid pylons? Because they emit terrifying flashes of light that are INVISIBLE to humans.
Dolphins use sponges to protect their sensitive noses while foraging for food on the sea floor
"That means the canine brain responses were being triggered by something distant in space and time. It shows that dogs" brains have these mental representations of us that persist when we"re not there."
The university’s experiment - the first of its type - involved 12 dogs of various breeds who underwent brain scans while five different scents were placed in front of them.
The scent samples came from the subject itself, a dog the subject had never met, a dog that lived in the subject"s household, a human the dog had never met, and a human that lived in the subject"s household.
The familiar human scent samples were taken from someone else from the house other than the handlers during the experiment, so that none of the scent donors were physically present.
The results showed that all five scents elicited a similar response in parts of the dogs" brains involved in detecting smells. Responses were significantly stronger for the scents of familiar humans, followed by that of familiar dogs.
The findings, which were published in the journal Behavioural Processes, showed that dogs reacted strongest to the scent of a familiar human even when they were not there.
Pets trained as help or therapy dogs showed greater brain activity than the other dogs in the test.
Researchers say the findings could improve the way animals who assist wounded veterans or disabled people are selected.
小题1:Why does your dog look pleased to see you ?
| A．because your dog wants to play with you |
| B．because your dog is hungry |
| C．because your dog wants to attract your attention |
| D．because your dog loves the particular way you smell. |
| A．To study dog’s reaction while five different scents were placed in front of them. |
| B．To learn how to get along well with dogs |
| C．To know how to tell the difference between dogs |
| D．To improve the way animals who assist wounded veterans or disabled people are selected. |
| A．familiar dogs |
| B．a human the dog had never met |
| C．a dog the dog had never met |
| D．familiar humans |
| A．The dog’s olfactory responses would likely be even more powerful than the ones we might have. |
| B．In our experiment, the scent donors were physically present. |
| C．Dogs reacted strongest to the scent of a familiar human even when they were there. |
| D．Dog’s brain responses were not being triggered(引发) by something distant in space and time. |
最新试题
- 1名著阅读（4分）（A）“万卷经书曾读过，平生机巧心灵，六韬三略究来精。胸中藏战将，腹内隐雄兵。谋略敢欺诸葛亮，陈平岂敌才
- 2—Mum, can I go to the movies today? —Sure, but yo
- 3全球海陆所占比例的是（ ）A．三分陆地，七分海洋B．三分海洋，七分陆地C．四分陆地，六分海洋D．四分陆地六分海洋
- 4揭开人民解放军全国性战略进攻序幕的是 [ ]A、西北解放军收复延安 B、三大战役开始 C、渡江战役开始 D、刘邓
- 5如图（1），把边长为1的等边三角形每边三等分，经其向外长出一个边长为原来的三分之一的小等边三角形得到图（2），称为一次“
- 6下列词语没有错别字的一项是 [ ]A．吵作 忙碌 娇嫩 再接再厉 B．游弋 陪伴 琐屑 历历在目 C．急燥 安祥
- 72010年2月23日，经中央批准，贯彻实施《中国共产党党员领导干部廉洁从政若干准则》电视电话会议在北京召开，中央纪委书记
- 8把90克10℃的硝酸钠饱和溶液蒸干，得到了40克硝酸钠固体，则硝酸钠在10℃时的溶解度是 [ ]A、80克 B
- 9先化简下式，再求值：2x2+y2x+y-x2+2y2x+y，其中x=2+1，y=22-2．
- 10如果三角形的两边分别为3和5，那么连结这个三角形三边中点所得三角形的周长可能是（ ）A．5.5B．5C．4.5D．4
热门考点
- 1下列词语中加点字的读音，完全相同的一组是 （ ）A．踝骨（huái） 鞭挞（dā） 杯盘狼藉（jí）B．威慑（shè）
- 2根据语境，下面加粗字注音错误的一项是[ ]A、情郁（yù）于中，自然要发之于外；家庭琐屑（xiè）便往往触他之怒
- 3已知椭圆的离心率为的最小值为A．B．C．2D．1
- 4听句子，选择与所听内容相符的图画。( )1. ( )2.( )3.( )4.(
- 5下面是某位同学在竞选学生会干部时的竞选发言，读后完成下面的题目。 ①尊敬的评委，对各位聆听我的竞选答辩表示欢迎。②我竞
- 6Every morning at eleven, a bright new car drove through the
- 7结合划线处，仿写句子。 有人说，冰心的生命，____________，像玫瑰一样芬芳、艳丽。长长的一个世纪，
- 8Tom has been in the factory _________he left school.A．whenB．
- 9用方框中所给的词语的适当形势填空，使短文正确、通顺、连贯（每词限用一次）。not support, zoo, ca
- 10已知，则的最小值是 ( )A．B．C．D．