It is commonly believed that school is where people go to get education. _1 , it has been said that
today children _2 their education to go to school. The _3 between schooling and education suggested by this is important.
Education is _4 , compared with schooling. Education knows no _5 . It can take place _6 ,
whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the _7
learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of learning out of class. 8_ the experience of schooling can be known in advance, education quite often produces _9 . A chance talk with a 10
may lead to a person to discover how 11 he knows of another country. People obtain education
from 12 on. Education, 13 , is a very 14 and unlimited term. It is a lifelong experience that starts
long 15 the start of school, and one that should be a necessary part of one"s entire life. Schooling, on
the other hand, is a 16 experien
ce, whose style changes 17 from one way to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at the same time, take 18 seats, use similar textbooks, do homework,
and 18 , and so on. Schooling has usually been 20 by the edges of the subjects being taught.
( )2.A. understand
( )3.A. difference
( )4.A. unexpected
( )5.A. answers
( )6.A. anywhere
( )7.A. part-time
( )8.A. If
( )9.A. pride
( )10.A. neighbour
( )11.A. wonderfully
( )12.A. babies
( )13.A. still
( )14.A. long
( )15.A. that
( )16.A. basic
( )17.A. unusually
( )18.A. large
( )19.A. take exams
( )20.A. changed
B. need
B. importance
B. endless
B. ways
B. anywhere else
B. public
B. Because
B. surprises
B. friend
B. well
B. grown-ups
B. next
B. broad
B. when
B. strict
B. differently
B. new
B. hold exams
B. limited
C. enjoy
C. use
C. countless
C. edges
C. somewhere
C. standard
C. So
C. knowledge
C. foreigner
C. greatly
C. women
C. then
C. narrow
C. after
C. final
C. little
C. fixed
C. mark papers
C. chosen
D. interrupt
D. problem
D. simple
D. meanings
D. somewhere else
D. strict
D. Though
D. progress
D. teacher
D. little
D. men
D. yet
D. short
D. before
D. irregular
D. frequently
D. small
D. read papers
D. controlled
hopeless about it. Can you learn to read better, or must you agree that nothing can be done about it?
To be sure, people are different. You cannot expect to do everything as well as certain other people
do. If all the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would
be very poor; and many would be in between. But even the very poor players can become much better
players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading. Some
seem to enjoy reading and to read well without any special help. Others find reading a slow and tiring job.
In between, there are all degrees of reading ability.
Many experiments have shown that just about every poor reader can improve his reading ability. In
these experiments, the poor readers were given tests of reading ability. After some of the causes of their
reading were discovered, they were given special instruction and practice in reading. After a few months,
another test of the same kind was given. In nearly all cases, these people had raised their reading scores.
B. that there are differences in people’s abilities
C. why some people are good basketball players
D. that good basketball players can be good readers
B. take different forms of tests
C. have special help and practice
D. try different reading materials
B. almost all poor readers can make progress
C. causes of poor reading were difficult to find out
D. tests help people improve their reading ability
B. It means that many are the worst basket players.
C. It means that many are standing in the middle of the line.
D. It means that there are several levels of players in many students.
B. To suggest that readers should do practice only in reading.
C. To tell us that readers can’t improve their reading ability without special help.
D. To tell us that to be a good reader, one should be guided in the right way.
and real．You don"t show your secret personality when you"re awake because you can control your
behaviour，but when you"re asleep， your sleeping position shows the real you．In a normal night，of
course，people frequently change their position．The important position is the one that you go to sleep
in．
If you go to sleep on your back，you"re a very open person．You normally trust people and you are
easily influenced by fashion or new ideas．You don"t like to upset people，so you never express your real
feelings．You"re quite shy and you aren"t very confident．
If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive（不坦率的）person．You worry a lot
and you"re always easily upset．You"re very stubborn（顽固的），but you aren"t very ambitious．You
usually live for today not for tomorrow．This means that you enjoy having a good time．
If you sleep curled up（卷曲），you are probably a very nervous person．You have a low opinion
of yourself and so you"re often defensive．You"re shy and you don"t normally like meeting people．You
prefer to be on your own．You"re easily hurt．
If you sleep on your side，you have usually got a well-balanced personality．You know your
strengths and weaknesses．You"re usually careful． You have a confident personality．You sometimes
feel anxious，but you don"t often get depressed．You always say what you think even if it annoys
people．
B．only when you go to sleep
C．only when you refuse to show yourself to the world
D．only when you change sleeping position
B．He or she always likes new ideas earlier than others．
C．He or she is always easily upset．
D．He or she tends to believe in others．
her stomach？
B．He or she doesn"t want to stick to his or her opinion．
C．He or she can"t be successful in any business．
D．He or she likes to bring others happiness．
B．He or she is rarely ready to help you．
C．He or she prefers staying at home to going out．
D．He or she wouldn"t like to get help from you．
B．he or she is confident，but not stubborn
C．he or she has more strengths than weaknesses
D. he or she often considers annoying people
words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better
to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the
time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad
thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have
read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think,
some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises(出现)
from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into
the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true,
that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond
of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such
people, I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were
sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or
covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believe
d that it was.
B. treated as a joke
C. made some changes by the parent
D. set in the present
B. heard for the first time
C. repeated too often
D. told in a different way h
B. develops their power of memory
C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of
D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs
B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales
C. people try to modernize old fairy stories
D. there is more concern for children"s fears nowadays
B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth
C. they are not interesting
D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach
with 2 (confident) and without hesitation. Thirdly, we must be able to read the language, and fourthly,
we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are 3 (grammatical) correct.
There is no easy way to succeed 4 language learning. 5 good memory is a great help, but it is
not enough only 6 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long
lists of words and their meanings, 7 (study) the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the
language. If we are 8 (satisfy) with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the
language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of advice for those 9 are studying a new language.
Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language 10 we can.
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep
than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be
better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-lack crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century
ago. From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have
reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep
habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize
they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can manage with 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic.”
Perhaps the most cruel robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever
pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least
expensive item on their programme. “In our society, you’re considered energetic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you have to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”
To determine the consequences of sleep-lack, researchers have put subjects through a set of
psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a
passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re lacking in sleep, performance
suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, so are abilities to make decisions and to
concentrate.”
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-lack.
B. The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C. The history of people’s sleeping patterns.
D. The minimum of our sleeping hours.
2. Which of the following is Dr. David’s opinion?
A. People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don’t.
B. Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5 hours’ sleep a night.
C. If they get 8.5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition.
D. People’s performance becomes worse if they are lacking in sleep.
3. People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night because __________.
A. they were forced by their parents to do so
B. they knew what was best for their health
C. they had no electricity
D. they were not so energetic and ambitious as modern people are
4. The major cause of sleep-lack of modern people is _______.
A. the endless TV programmes in the evenings and on the Internet
B. the heavy work load of the day
C. the enough energy modern people usually have
D. loud noises in the modern cities
5. What does the word “subject” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Person or thing that is being discussed or described.
B. Branch of knowledge studied in a school.
C. Person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D. Any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler.
- 1He used to _______in the sun ,but now he is used to ______a
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- 9已知等式y=+4恒成立，求yx的值。
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