题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
European researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments. The study may help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the years it would take for a space flight to distant planets. "If there was an effective technology, it could make deep-space travel a reality," said Mark Ayre of the European Space Agency last month.
What seems like a science fiction is not completely unlikely. Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep-like state where they don’t age. They have now moved on to the small, non-hibernating mammals (哺乳动物) like rats.
A major challenge is the fact that cells can be very simple systems, whereas body organs are far more complex (复杂的). "It’s like moving from a simple Apple computer to a supercomputer," said Marco Biggiogera, a hibernation researcher at Italy’s University of Pavia．Just like bears and frogs, the hibernation of human beings would cause a person’s metabolism (新陈代谢) to lower so they would need less energy.
Medical research, however, is just half of a space flight hibernation system. There is a challenge of designing a suitable protective shelter (栖身所). Such a shelter would provide the proper environment for hibernation, such as the proper temperature. It would also have to monitor (监控) life functions and serve the physiological needs of the hibernator.
According to Ayre, the six-person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission (使命) to Jupiter’s moon (木星的卫星) Callisto could be an opportunity to use human hibernation. The mission aims to send six persons on a five-year flight to Callisto, where they will spend 30 days, in 2045.
小题1:According to the article, the hibernation research ______.
| A．is just an idea | B．is always a science fiction |
| C．has already finished successfully | D．has made some progress |
| A．less sleep | B．more food | C．less energy | D．more movement |
Exploration Mission to Jupiter’s moon Callisto.
| A．will be | B．has been planned for |
| C．is certain to be | D．may be |
| A．Hibernation Study For Space Travel | B．Welcome To Our Space Travel |
| C．To Hibernate, To Live Longer | D．Welcome To The Milky Way |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析
小题1:推断题。根据短文第三段内容可以推出人类“冬眠”技术已经取得了进展。
小题2:细节题。根据短文第四段的最后一句they would need less energy可知。
小题3:推断题。根据短文最后一段的第一句话中could一词的委婉语气可知。
小题4:主旨题。认真分析原文可知，本文自始至终介绍的是在星际探索中使用冬眠技术的研究情况，因此以Hibernation Study For Space Travel为题既具有高度的概括性、强烈的针对性，又具有一定的醒目性。
核心考点
试题【Have you ever dreamed of visiting a planet in the Milky Way (银河系)? While the tri】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
A NASA satellite called QuikSCAT has discovered highways of wind over the Earth"s oceans. Scientists believe these invisible roads may explain why many nonflowering plants, such as mosses (苔) and lichens (地衣), grow where they do.
The satellite is able to send microwaves (微波) from space to the surface of the ocean. The pattern of signals that come back shows which way the winds are blowing.
Using this data, the scientists studied a group of islands in the southern hemisphere (半球), near Antarctica．Winds tend to blow anticlockwise (逆时针) in this region, but there are lots of local differences.
When the researchers compared these local patterns to botanical (植物学) data, they found that the wind had an important effect on where species of mosses, lichens, and other nonflowering plants grow.
For example, Bouvet Island and Heard Island, share 30 per cent of their moss species, 29 per cent of liverworts (叶苔), and 32 per cent of lichens — even though they are 4,430 kilometers apart. In contrast, Gough Island and Bouvet Island, separated by just 1,860 kilometers of sea, share only 16 per cent of mosses and 17 per cent of liverworts. They have no lichens in common.
Ferns (蕨类植物) and flowering plants don"t travel as well in the wind, so they don"t show the same kinds of distribution (分布) patterns.
小题1:This story is about _____.
| A．the discovery of wind highways | B．how wind travels |
| C．how wind affects different plants | D．one function of the wind |
| A．signal | B．pattern | C．information | D．research |
| A．Bouvet Island, Heard Island and Gough Island are all in the southern hemisphere. |
| B．Winds in the researched area blow anti-clockwise. |
| C．The scientists shouldn"t base this research on how winds affect where ferns grow. |
| D．Without the discovery of QuikSCAT, the research wouldn"t have made sense. |
Since the earth"s creation millions of years ago, the ecosystem has worked as an interdependent system relatively undisturbed by outside forces. But recently, especially since the Industrial Revolution, human beings have begun to disturb the balance of nature. Natural resources have been severely depleted (消耗) (forests have been destroyed, fertile land worn away, water polluted, and minerals used up), and the life-support system of air, water, and land has been poisoned by a variety of waste products and chemicals.
The degree of these problems was noted in a report by the U.N. Developing Council on Environmental Quality. This report predicted that if present trends continue, the world will be more crowded and polluted and less stable ecologically and politically than the world we live in now.
The twin problems of resource shortages and pollution are caused by three social forces. First, the tremendous increase in population growth constantly increases the demand for food, energy, and other products. As the current population continues to increase, the stress on an already overburdened environment will be increased．A second source of the problem is the concentration of people in urban areas, where the ecosystem simply cannot absorb their waste products. Finally, environmental problems are worsened as more and more nations move toward modem development: an increased reliance on modern technology. As these nations become more technological, they will consume more energy, deplete more natural resources, and create more waste products than the biosphere can absorb.
小题1:The life-support system is composed of _____.
| A．air, water and land | B．the earth, the sun and energy |
| C．food, land and energy | D．food, energy and the sun |
| A．change energy from the sun into food for humans |
| B．depends on the sun for enough supplies of air, water and land |
| C．exists in the surface layer of the earth and the surrounding atmosphere |
| D．is a complex but independent system |
| A．natural forces | B．human activities | C．social movements | D．political changes |
| A．the effects of Industrial Revolution on human beings |
| B．the importance of life-support system to human beings |
| C．the significance of balance of nature |
| D．the destruction of life-support system and its causes |
The team has just finished a second year of work on the 1,020-mile highway. "The road is the greatest single footprint of activity we"ve seen in the Antarctic (南极洲)," said Alan Hemmings, an Australian environmentalist.
The highway will provide a new way for supplies to be trekked (拉, 搬) across the earth on tractor-pulled sleds (雪橇). This method will use a lot less fuel than an aircraft, the current (当前的) way that scientists and supplies reach the Amundsen-Scott Base, a U.S. research station in the South Pole. The highway will also allow for equipment that is too big for planes to carry to be brought to Antarctica．Even with these benefits, there is one disadvantage—a round trip on the road will be 30 days, compared to a few hours by plane.
Making this 20-foot-wide road isn"t easy, and it takes a lot of time. The crew (工作队) has been working on the road for two summers, when it"s warmer and easier to work with the ice. It probably won"t be completed until 2006.
Crevasses (裂缝), or cracks, in the land often make the construction difficult. Crevasses are kind of like pot holes that form when surface ice is stretched．This can be very dangerous, especially when the crevasses are hidden under a layer (层) of snow and can"t be seen.
"Last year it took us three months to go three miles across a crevasse field, full of dangerous, hidden crevasses," said the project"s manager, John Wright. Each year, more crevasses appear and they have to be filled with snow and ice so the road is safe for travel. The road will also be lined with green flags so travelers know where the safe surface is.
小题1: It will probably take ______ years to complete the ice highway.
| A．2 | B．4 | C．6 | D．8 |
| A．giving supplies to the research station in the South Pole |
| B．taking scientists to the South Pole |
| C．taking travelers to a tour of Antarctic |
| D．bringing huge equipment to Antarctic |
Pole?
| A．30. | B．34. | C．68. | D．88. |
| A．Other crevasses won’t appear if a crevasse has been filled. |
| B．Many new crevasses will form after a crevasse has been filled. |
| C．Travelers can drive their sleds on the ice highway freely. |
| D．There will be less danger if the crevasses are covered by snow. |
Today, more and more schools are reaching out to involve parents, community members and businesses（工商企业）to help shape a child"s future.
Parents need to be involved in their children"s education in many ways. Helping children with homework and studying, going on a field trip, teaching a craft（手工艺）or coaching a child"s sports team are all great ways to be involved with your child"s education. And don"t forget to communicate with teachers ---- they need and respect your input. Studies show that children learn more and schools function better when parents and schools work together. It"s important to stay in touch with your child"s education all through his or her school career.
Communities can help children create and achieve new goals. Help with homework, read to a child, coach a children"s team, or provide emotional（情感上的）support. Help solve problems and build self-esteem（自尊心）. Kids need role models and advisers can be role models by sharing their experiences and wisdom.
Businesses can also help shape our children"s future. Invite a class from your local school to visit your workplace. You may be providing a glimpse that opens a new world of possibilities. Show students what goes on during a typical day. Give a mini course for students: how to use a computer; how products are made; how machinery works. You may have a developing electrician, teacher, nurse, or even a newspaper reporter on your hands.
It really does take an entire village to raise a child．So share the responsibility（职责）-- and the joy -- of bringing a child to his or her full potential（潜能）.
小题1:The implied advice in the proverb "It takes an entire village to raise a child." is that ______.
| A．All the people in a village should give food to a child. |
| B．Schools, parents, and other organizations should share the responsibility of shaping a child"s future. |
| C．Children should be brought up in the village where they were born. |
| D．Schools should be set up in the village where a child was raised. |
| A．parents and members in organizations |
| B．teachers and students |
| C．newspaper reporters and developing electricians |
| D．education experts and government officials |
| A．parental involvement | B．community activities |
| C．business training | D．school teaching |
| A．Parents play an important part in children’s education. |
| B．Communities have not a bit effect on the way to new and high ideal. |
| C．Educating a child well demands of the work not only from school but from other organizations. |
| D．Businesses may arrange some training courses for students. |
But something is happening to the children. Up until the age of two they develop normally. Their proud parents watch and smile as they take their first steps and speak their first words. But then everything seems to go backwards. The children become locked into their own small world, unable to communicate at all.
They call it the “curse of Silicon Valley,” but the medical name for the condition is autism（孤独症）. It used to be thought that autism was a mental illness. Now doctors are sure that it is a disease transmitted genetically (遗传). It seems that the people leading the communications revolution are having children who cannot communicate at all.
But even the parents have trouble communicating. Asperger’s Syndrome (综合症) is connected with autism. People who have it are highly intelligent and often brilliant with numbers or systems but have no social skills, which makes Asperger’s sufferers into excellent computer professionals. Unfortunately, many of the children of two Asperger’s parents in Silicon Valley seem to be developing serious autism.
There is little anyone can do. And there is no cure in sight. Some argue that no cure should be found．“It may be that autistics are essentially (本质上) different from normal people, but that these differences make them valuable for the evolution (进化) of the human race,” says Dr Kirk Wilhelm of the University of California．“To remove the genes (基因) for autism could be terrible.
It seems that the children of Silicon Valley are paying the price of genius.
小题1:A person who has autism usually _____.
| A．has difficulty in speaking | B．loses communication skills |
| C．has difficulty in working | D．hates people around |
| A．The children are brought up in Silicon Valley. |
| B．Autism is just a result of working in Silicon Valley. |
| C．The children suffer from autism due to their parents in Silicon Valley. |
| D．Autism makes the children in Silicon Valley unable to communicate. |
| A．autism cannot be cured | B．autism isn’t a disease |
| C．harm will be done to the children | D．autism is necessary in some way |
| A．It’s a pity that they cannot have a normal life. |
| B．They are the pride of the human race. |
| C．They are sure to have a bright future. |
| D．It’s likely that they will have a normal life. |
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