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Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623, when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. IP rights protect an artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing, but today intellectual property rights are also enjoyed by those who create music, art and literature.
In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether: the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recoding of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, from a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.
小题1:According to the writer, in the beginning, IP rights were mainly of use to _______.
A.those creating music, art and literature
B.novelists
C.those not receiving financial reward for their work
D.engineers and inventors
小题2:What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?
A.It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.
B.It sells songs and films.
C.It makes IP rights harder to protect.
D.It prevents the production of artwork.
小题3:According to paragraph 2, what has “taken the world by storm”?
A.Intellectual property rights.B.Free downloading.
C.The Internet.D.The large number of songs, films and books.
小题4:A possible title for this passage could be _______.
A.IP Rights and Our Attitudes B.Ways to Protect Your IP Rights
C.The Present and the Future of IP rightsD.A History of IP Rights

答案

小题1:D
小题1:C
小题1:B
小题1:A
解析

核心考点
试题【Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. T】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
BEUING (Associated Press 美联社) —China has a growing middle class, a tradition of expecting education and 21 million new babies every year. Selling educational toys should be easy.
While China may be the world’s biggest toymaker, many of the best are exported . Department stores here do not have enough high quality toys. It is said that the demand for educational toys is low.
A US company, BabyCare, is trying to change that with a new way to sell toys in China.
BabyCare works basically together with doctors in Beijing hospitals.  People who join the company’s "mother club"can get lectures and newsletters on baby and child development at no extra cost, if they agree to spend 18 dollars a month on the company’s educational toys and childcare books.
"We want to build a sevenyear relationship with those people," said Matthew J. Estes, BabyCare’s president. "It starts during pregnancy , when the anxiety and needs are highest." BabyCare works on a onetoone basis. Doctors, nurses, and teachers paid by BabyCare advise parents, explain toys that are designed for children at each stage of development to age six.
BabyCare opened its first store in China last June in a shopping center in central Beijing and another near Beijing Zoo. It plans to have 80 stores in China within six years.
It is a new model for China and develops a market in young children’s education and health that no other companies are in.
小题1:What do the first two paragraphs mainly tell us?
A.Educational toys and foreign toy markets.
B.Problems with China’s toy market and education.
C.Reasons for pushing sales of educational toys in China.
D.Baby population and various kinds of toys made in China.
小题2: Which of the following is a fact according to the passage?
A.Club members buy BabyCare products for free childcare advice.
B.Doctors in Beijing help in making BabyCare products.
C.Parents are encouraged to pay $ 18 for club activities.
D.BabyCare trains Chinese doctors at no extra cost.
小题3:BabyCare is developing its business in China by.
A.opening stores in Beijing hospitals
B.offering 18month courses on childcare
C.setting up children’s education centers
D.forming close relationships with parents
小题4:Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.Mother’s Club in China.B.BabyCare and Doctors.
C.American Company Model.D.Educational Toys in China

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Listening to a radio broadcast in a foreign language is difficult for many of us. We may have studied the language for several years, and are able to read it, perhaps even write in it. But listening and understanding the spoken language require special skills. Some people have a natural ability that helps them to learn a language quickly, while others must study for a long time. Everyone, however, can improve his or her listening skills with practice.
We are good listeners in our own language because we have had years of practice. We understand the grammar and the language. We know what to expect a person to say to us in almost any situation. We have been in similar situations many times, and we have heard it all before. We can understand it, even if we do not listen carefully.
But this is not true with a foreign language. We must listen with our full attention. And we must try not to let the cultural style of our language affect our understanding of the foreign language. Listening to a foreign language broadcast is easier if we know something about it. There are clues that can help us. One clue is the time of a day. Morning programs usually contain many short items of news, information or entertainment. The items are short because most of us are getting ready to go to work in the morning. Often we do not have time to listen to long programs. Evening programs are different. There is time for more details about the subjects discussed.
We can get a clue about the program from the music at the beginning, but we must be familiar with the music of the foreign culture. The kind of music—serious and slow, or fast and light—can tell us what kind of program to expect. The name of the program can give us good information about what it will contain.
Another good clue is the broadcaster. The more we listen to the same person, the easier it will be to understand him. His speaking style will become familiar to us. Further, the broadcaster provides clues to the organization of the broadcast at the beginning of the program. The broadcaster usually gives us the highlights of the program to prepare us for the details that will follow.
小题1:We are good listeners in our own language because ________.
A.we have a natural ability of learning languageB.our own language is much easier
C.we listen to our own language more carefullyD.we have practiced it for years
小题2: If you don’t have enough time, you can listen to ________.
A.evening programs B.programs with soft music
C.morning programs D.familiar programs
小题3:You can know the information of the program according to ________.
A.its music B.the broadcaster
C.its name D.the time of the program

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There is a famous story about British poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He was writing a poem when he was interrupted by a knock at the door.
This was an age before telephones. Someone was delivering a message. When Coleridge got back to his poem, he had lost his inspiration. His poetic mood had been broken by the knock on his door. His unfinished poem, which could otherwise have been a masterpiece, would now never be more than a fragment (片段).
This story tells how unexpected communication can destroy an important thought,which brings us to the cellphone.
The most common complaint about cellphones is that people talk on them to the annoyance of people around them. But more damaging may be the cellphone’s disruption (中断) of our thoughts.
We have already entered a golden age of little white lies about our cellphones, and this is by and large a healthy, protective development. “I didn’t hear it ring” or “I didn’t realize my phone had shut off” are among the lies we tell to give ourselves space where we’re beyond reach.
The notion of being unreachable is not a new concept – we have “Do Not Disturb” signs on the doors of hotel rooms. So why must we feel guilty when it comes to cellphones? Why must we apologize if we decide to shut off the phone for a while?
The problem is that we come from a long-established tradition of difficulty with distance communication. Until the recent mass deployment (使用) of cellphones, it was easy to communicate with someone next to us or a few feet away, but difficult with someone across town, the country or the globe. We came to take it for granted.
But cellphones make long-distance communication common, and endanger our time by ourselves. Now time alone, or a conversation with someone next to us which cannot be interrupted by a phone, is something to be cherished. Even cellphone devotees, myself usually included, can’t help at times wanting to throw their phone away, or curse the day they were invented.
But we don’t and won’t, and there really is no need. All that’s required to take back our private time is a general social recognition that we have the right to it. In other words, we have to develop a healthy contempt (轻视) for the rings of our own phones. Given the ease of making and receiving cellphone calls, if we don’t talk to the caller right now, we surely will shortly later.
A cellphone call deserves no greater priority (优先考虑的事) than a random (随机的) word from the person next to us. Though the call on my cellphone may be the one–in–a–million from Steven Spielberg–who has finally read my novel and wants to make it his next movie. But most likely it is not, and I’m better off thinking about the idea I just had for a new story, or the slice of pizza I’ll eat for lunch.
小题1:What is the point of the anecdote(轶事,趣闻) about the poet Coleridge in the first three paragraphs?
A.To direct readers’ attention to the main topic.
B.To show how important inspiration is to a poet.
C.To emphasize the disadvantage of not having a cellphone.
D.To encourage readers to read the works of this poet.
小题2:What does the writer think about people telling “white lies” about their cellphones?
A.It is a way of signaling that you don’t like the caller.
B.It is natural to tell lies about small things.
C.It is basically a good way to protect one’s privacy.
D.We should feel guilty when we can’t tell the truth.
小题3:According to the author, what is the most annoying problem caused by cellphones?
A.People get annoyed by the cellphone rings that they fail to notice anything else.
B.People feel guilty when they are not able to answer their cellphones.
C.Cellphones interrupt people’s private time.
D.With cellphones it is no longer possible to be unreachable.
小题4:What does the last paragraph suggest?
A.A person who calls us from afar deserves more of our attention.
B.Steven Spielberg once called the author to talk about the author’s novel.
C.You should always finish your lunch before you answer a call on the cellphone.
D.Never let cellphones interfere too much with your life.

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University is generally regarded as one of the most important times in a person’s life, yet the function of this institution continues to arouse debate. Many believe that arts subjects are  too easy, that practical skills are more useful and that a chosen subject for study should be clearly linked to a career. However, this view is far too simplistic. Arts subjects are very difficult. They can prepare students for any number of careers as well as allowing the student to take time to make a decision. The function of the modern university is to cater to different types of student.
Arts subjects are not easy. For example, a degree in Literature is not an easy option. No question in a Literature class has a single, simple answer. Debate is conducted in a spirit of openness, texts are very closely analyzed and skills in close reading are developed. Literature is about language, our primary means of communication. Arts subjects require the same concentrated study as any other subject.
Arts subjects can prepare students for any number of careers. A degree in an arts subject teaches skills in well organized debates and defence of a position through the provision of evidence. These are applicable to many types of career. Law, for example. The point is that an undergraduate degree in any Arts subject trains the student in analysis and structure. Therefore, Arts graduates can pursue any number of careers.
Arts subjects allow the student to take time to choose a career. Love of the subject for its own sake may well be the initial motivation for the Arts undergraduate but because the subject they have chosen is not so clearly linked to a career they have time to reflect, making a decision only when they are absolutely certain. Students who pursue Arts subjects therefore have the leisure to make a carefully considered choice.
In conclusion, it is clear that Arts subjects are not a waste of time. They are flexible when it comes to relating them to a career and they allow the student to discover an appropriate career path. Many industries now acknowledge that a degree in Literature can be just as valuable as any other subject, especially when it is evident that Arts graduates tend to think more creatively. Not all undergraduates have clearly defined goals and not all subjects can be simply matched to a career. Acknowledging this difference should be the main function of a modern university
小题1: What does the author mainly argue in this article?   
A.Universities should be aware of diversityB.Universities should focus on practical courses.
C.Arts courses should be promoted.D.Arts subjects are inappropriate for work.
小题2:What does the author imply about universities’ attitude to students?   
A.They need to be more understanding of students’ needs.
B.They need to keep out arts students.
C.They need to link courses to careers.
D.They need to offer more arts courses.
小题3:The author suggests that technical subjects ____________.  
A.are more important than arts subjects.B.are more useful to the modern world.
C.have equal value to arts subjects.D.are not as important as arts subjects.
小题4:From the article, we know skills acquired by arts undergraduates include___________. 
A.Perception and investigationB.Technique and motivation
C.Appreciation and dedicationD.Analysis and structure
小题5:According to the author, the students choose arts courses initially because ___________. 
A.they are unsure about a careerB.they are interested in the subject
C.they hate technical subjectsD.they are creative people

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.
I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.
Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. "You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you," said the woman. "It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I  would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, 1 know you will feel as good about it as I do now."
Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mark enjoyed giving them to us.
I would like to say ’"thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.
小题1:When did the story probably happen?
A.On Christmas Day. B.Before Christmas Day,
C.On New Year’s Day. D.After New Year’s Day.
小题2:Why did the writer want to say ’’thank you" to the woman?
A.Because she bought Mark a nice present.
B.Because she always paid money for others.
C.Because she collected clothes for the homeless.
D.Because she taught Mark to help people in need.
小题3:What’s the best title for this passage?
A.A big supermarket B.A kind woman
C.A happy family D.A wonderful gift

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