题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcanoes, super typhoons, blizzards (暴风雪), landslides and droughts killed at least a quarter million people in 2010 – the deadliest year in more than a generation. More people were killed worldwide by natural disasters this year than have been killed in terrorism attacks in the past 40 years combined.
“It just seemed like it was back-to-back(接二连三) and it came in waves,” said Craig Fugate, who heads the US Federal Emergency Management Agency. It handled a record number of disasters in 2010.
“The term “100-year event’ really lost its meaning this year.”
And we have ourselves to blame most of the time, scientists and disaster experts say.
Even though many disasters have the ring of random chance, the hand of man made this a particularly deadly, costly, extreme and strange year for everything from wild weather to earthquakes.
Poor construction and development practices make earthquakes more deadly than they need be. More people live in poverty in vulnerable buildings(危房) in crowded cities. That means that when the ground shakes, the river floods, or the tropical cyclone hits, more people die.
Disasters from the Earth, such as earthquakes and volcanoes “are pretty much constant,” said Andreas Schraft, vice president of catastrophic perils for the Geneva-based insurance giant Swiss Re. “All the change that’s made is man-made.”
The January earthquake that killed well more than 220,000 people in Haiti is a perfect example. Port-au-Prince has nearly three times as many people – many of them living in poverty- and more poorly built shanties(棚户区) ,than it did 25 years ago. So had the same quake hit in 1985 instead of 2010; total deaths would have probably been in the 80,000 range, said Richard Olson, director of disaster risk reduction at Florida International University.
Climate scientists say Earth’s climate also is changing thanks to man-made global warming, bringing extreme weather, such as heat waves and flooding.
The excessive(过多的) amount of extreme weather that dominated 2010 is a classic sign of man-made global warming that climate scientists have long warned about. They calculate that the killer Russian heat wave – setting a national record of 111 degrees – would happen once every 100,000 years without global warming.
Data show that 18 countries broke their records for the hottest day ever.
“The Earth strikes back in response to bad human decision-making,” said Debarati Guha Sapir.” “It’s almost as if the policies, the government policies and development policies, are helping the Earth strike back instead of protecting from it. We’ve created conditions where the slightest thing the Earth does is really going to have a surprising impact.” White House science adviser John Holdren said we should get used to climate disasters or do something about global warming. “The science is clear that we can expect more and more of these kinds of damaging events unless and until society has sharply reduced the amount of heat-trapping gases and particles(颗粒).”
小题1:From paragraph 1 to paragraph 3, we learn ___________________________.
A.what natural disasters mean to the people all over the world |
B.how terrorism attacks struck in the past four decades |
C.how the Earth struck back in 2010 |
D.why the world saw so many disasters in 2010 |
A.poor construction largely accounts for more deaths than expected |
B.man’s behaviours are to blame for the constant occurrence of natural disasters |
C.the extreme weather mainly contributes to the disaster of the quake |
D.the country’s poverty and over- crowdedness results in the disaster |
A.Environment protection should be taken into account in policy-making. |
B.Natural disasters are causing increase. |
C.The earth wouldn’t strike back but for the destruction by man. |
D.Conditions should be created to rid the influence of disasters. |
A.to forecast the happening of natural disasters accurately |
B.to build stronger houses that can stand severe earthquakes and floods |
C.to make better decisions and policies of city development |
D.to send out much fewer greenhouse gases and particles |
A.The major causes of natural disasters. |
B.The human unawareness of environment protection. |
C.The harmonious relationship between humans and nature. |
D.The serious results of global warming and earthquakes. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:D
小题5:C
解析
试题分析:
小题1:C 段落大意题。本文前三都都是讲述的是2010年在世界各地所发生的接二连三的自然灾害,故C正确。
小题2:B 推理题。根据前一段最后一句. “All the change that’s made is man-made.”说明很多的灾难都是人为因素导致的,接下来就列举海地的地震灾难,主要就是为了说明人类的行为导致了自然灾难的频繁爆发。故B正确。
小题3:A 推理题。根据最后一段前三行“The Earth strikes back in response to bad human decision-making,” said Debarati Guha Sapir.” “It’s almost as if the policies, the government policies and development policies, are helping the Earth strike back instead of protecting from it说明Debarati Guha Sapir认为人们在做决定的时候一定要考虑到环境的因素,故A想的观点与他的观点是一致的,故A正确。
小题4:D 推理题。根据文章最后三行White House science adviser John Holdren said we should get used to climate disasters or do something about global warming. “The science is clear that we can expect more and more of these kinds of damaging events unless and until society has sharply reduced the amount of heat-trapping gases and particles(颗粒).”说明他认为我们要减少温室气体的排放以此来减少全球变暖的驱使。故D项与之相符。故D正确。
小题5:C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的就是人类的行为导致了自然的报复,担心人和自然之间的关系。故C正确。
点评:本文主要讲述的就是人类的行为导致了自然的报复,担心人和自然之间的关系。集中考查推理题,解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节,在文章中要准确定位考查点。
核心考点
试题【2010 was the year the Earth struck back. Earthquakes, heat waves, floods, volcan】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
“Oh good,” he said, “Have you got the results of the test?”
The professor looked at him and smiled.
“Ah, it’s you, Baines, just a minute.”
Then he reached into his pocket and took out a coin. He threw it into the air, caught it in his hand and looked at it.
“I’m terribly sorry, Baines,” he said, “You failed!”
小题1: Fred often went to the Students’ Union where he ________ .
A.worked extra hours | B.enjoyed himself in the bar |
C.borrowed books | D.attended a few lectures |
A.an excellent mark | B.a low mark | C.his usual mark | D.the pass mark |
A.didn’t mark the test papers correctly |
B.tossed a coin when he marked test papers |
C.knew about Fred’s method |
D.thought Fred’s method was good |
A.unnecessary | B.valuable | C.useless | D.a waste |
Some days I didn’t want to go to school because I felt so disappointed in myself but I don’t regret a thing. It makes you stronger as a person, and if you are able to mend your friendships like I have done, then you can do anything.
My mom always told me, “Stephanie, remember that a friend is a gift that you give to yourself. A friend will always be there for the good and the bad. A true friend will never make fun of you. If a friend is a piece of work, then he or she has never been a friend at all. A friend is the biggest gift to you.”
Everyone is going to make mistakes but please don’t push them away, especially if it’s someone you really care about. I know when I make mistake I beat myself up about it. I just wish someone would have reached out a hand to help me back up on my feet like my best friend did. If someone is new or doesn’t have a friend, please reach out and befriend them because that small action could mean the world to them. Now that I’m older, I understand what my mom has been trying to tell me, and now I know that the friends that I choose will also be the kinds of friends that I would want to be surrounded by forever.
小题1:The writer was unwilling to go to school because ______.
A.she was disappointed in herself |
B.she regretted something he had done |
C.she was busy trying to fix a friendship |
D.she went to by a gift for her mother |
A.often gives you gifts |
B.makes you happy |
C.does both good and bad things to you |
D.never makes fun of you |
A.doesn’t have many friends |
B.doesn’t think that friends will make her truly happy |
C.understands what a friend means to her |
D.has nothing except her family and three girlfriends |
A.Making friends with some lonely people will bring them warmth |
B.Your friend should not make mistakes in face of you. |
C.Mother told me what friend is. |
D.You should care about your friend. |
小题1:Hundreds of years ago, Sir Francis Bacon found _______.
A.the temperature of warm water drops faster than that of cold water |
B.warm water is heavier than cold water |
C.warm water has the same temperature as cold water |
D.warm water is not as useful as cold water |
A.late in the 19th century | B.early in the 20th century |
C.three years ago | D.late in the 20th century |
A.cold water freezes first |
B.warm water turns into ice before cold water |
C.warm water and cold water freeze at the same time |
D.much of cold water is changed into air. |
A.Because some of the warm water turns to vapor, the amount(数量) becomes less than that of cold water. |
B.Because warm water is lighter than cold water. |
C.Because the temperature of warm water is lower than that of cold water. |
D.Because cold water freezes with more difficulty than warm water. |
Researchers studied 29 dogs. The dogs were shown a movie where a woman looked directly at them and said “Hi dog!” Then, the woman looked at a flowerpot sitting next to her. The researchers found that when the woman looked at and spoke directly to a dog, the dog usually followed her eyes to the flowerpot. It proved that the dogs knew that the woman was thinking about the flowerpot.
“By following the eye movements of dogs, we were able to get a first-hand look at how their minds are actually working,” said Jozsef, the senior researcher.
Later in the movie, the woman said “Hi dogs” in a low voice and didn’t look at the dog before looking at the flowerpot. In that situation, the dogs didn’t seem to understand what the woman was thinking. There was no eye contact, and the woman didn’t appear to speak to the dogs directly.
That comes as no surprise to dog trainer Jones. “Dogs normally speak through nonverbal signals. It’s more natural to them,” she said. “If you’ve ever watched dogs at a dog park, you’ve seen it. Within 30 seconds they enter the park, much information has passed between the new dog and the ones already in the park. They’re exchanging looks, observing eyes and body posture. On the other hand, when you speak to a dog, they are learning a foreign language.”
Picking up your nonverbal signals seems more natural. So, if you were hoping that all this means your dog could help you solve your math problems, you’re probably out of luck. But he or she might be a lot more in tune with what you’re thinking than you previously thought.
小题1:How could the researchers find that the dogs understood the woman’s intention?
A.By speaking to them directly. |
B.By reading their eye movements. |
C.By following their facial expressions. |
D.By asking the dog trainer questions. |
A.dogs usually speak through verbal signals |
B.dogs learn a great deal more at a dog park |
C.dogs can understand humans’ words easily |
D.dogs speak through eyes and body language |
A.you manage to get their attention |
B.you like making friends with them |
C.you are familiar with their behavior |
D.you can pick up their verbal signals |
A.refuse | B.approve | C.understand | D.love |
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad at ourselves.
And that’s only natural. Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, and we should try to avoid mistakes. We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious(无意识的)reaction.
Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world. They make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible.
By trial and error—trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, and make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn:We don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You don’t just read about painting,or writing,or computer programming,or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or from observing usually...then you construct a model in your mind...then you test it out by trying it in the real world...then you make mistakes...then you revise the model based on the results of your real world experimentation...and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something. That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed at something, it’s probably something you already knew how to do. You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey is made up of mistakes, if it’s a good journey.
So if you value learning,if you value growing and improving,then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.
小题1:Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?
A.Because mistakes make us suffer a lot. |
B.Because it’s a natural part in our life. |
C.Because we’ve been taught so from a young age. |
D.Because mistakes have ruined many people’s careers. |
A.We should try to avoid making mistakes. |
B.We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes. |
C.We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn. |
D.We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction. |
A.a small child learning to walk |
B.a kindergarten child learning to draw |
C.a primary pupil learning to read |
D.a school teenager learning to write |
A.most of us can really grow from success |
B.growing and improving are based on mistakes |
C.we learn to make mistakes by trial and error |
D.we read about something and know how to do it right away |
A.Value Mistakes | B.Mistakes Make Things Possible |
C.Try to Avoid Mistakes | D.Life is a Journey Full of Mistakes |
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