题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Research shows that much of our predisposition (倾向) towards determination, sociability and self - control and sense of purpose is in our genes.In fact, our DNA plays a bigger role in influencing these traits ( characteristics)than our upbringing (儿童期的教养)and the company we keep.Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure, say the Edinburgh University researchers.
They questioned more than 800 pairs of twins about their attitudes to life to tease apart the influences of nature and nurture.Comparing identical twins, who share all their DNA and their up bringing, with non-identical twins, who have a shared background but are no more genetically alike than other brothers and sisters, is a technique often used by researchers to quantify the influence of genetics.
The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with self-control particularly etched (铭刻) into our DNA.
Our genes a222so largely determine how determined and persistent we are.This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone who throws in the towel at the first hiccough.
Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, "Ever since the ancient Greeks, people Lave de hated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life.Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously, the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people" s ideas about what affected psychological well-being.However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics."
However, those who haven" t been dealt a helpful hand of genes shouldn" t he too depressed.The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making a difference.
小题1:What does the result of the research indicate?
A.Our DNA is the only factor to decide our traits. |
B.Our DNA plays a decisive role, in achieving success. |
C.Education plays little part in the formation of our character. |
D.Society has Little effect on us in our personality. |
A.is born successful | B.determines to make a difference |
C.makes great effort | D.admits defeat easily |
A.some people can live a good life because they can manage their lives |
B.people haven"t made it clear yet what is the key personality trait(持点,特征) to be a success |
C.in ancient Greece the role of family and the environment was ignored |
D.the relationship between personality and success has always been people"s concern |
A.determination | B.kindness | C.politeness | D.sociability |
A.How do people work hard? | B.Why can some people succeed? |
C.DNA determines success or failure | D.Several factors determine personality |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:C
解析
试题分析:
小题1:细节题。根据文章第三段The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with self-control particularly etched (铭刻) into our DNA.实验结果说明基因比生活方式在自我控制方面所起的作用还要大。故B正确。
小题2:推理题。根据文章第四段as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone who throws in the towel at the first hiccough.说明该词与more likely to achieve their dreams是一组反义词,故D的说法正确。
小题3:推理题。根据文章倒数第二段2,3,4行Ever since the ancient Greeks, people Lave de hated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life.Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not?说明古希腊的人很注意人性和成功之间的关系,故D正确。
小题4:细节题。根据第四段第一行Our genes a222so largely determine how determined and persistent we are说明我们的基因决定了我们有多么有毅力多么有决心,而意志力和决心恰恰是决定我们成功的因素。故A正确。
小题5:主旨大意题。根据文章第一句Research shows that much of our predisposition (倾向) towards determination, sociability and self - control and sense of purpose is in our genes.说明基因是决定因素。故C的说法即DNA决定了我们的成功或者失败正确。
点评:文章详细说明了我们的成功或者失败不是由我们的生活方式决定的,而是由我们的基因决定的。本文的难点在于扫除文字的障碍,要根据上下文来推测文章中一些不熟悉的词义,不要受这些词的影响而导致对文章意思的把握不到位,此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行合理的概括和判断。
核心考点
试题【Research shows that much of our predisposition (倾向) towards determination, socia】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Pay attention in class
Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention.
Take good notes
Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It’s a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject.
Plan ahead for tests and projects
Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday’s test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn’t happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic.
Break it up
When there’s a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let’s say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night.
Ask for help
You can’t study effectively if you don’t understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you’re at home when the confusion occurs, your morn or dad might be able to help.
Sleep tight
So the test is tomorrow and you’ve followed your study plan—but suddenly you can’t remember anything! Don’t panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you’ve given it. Try to get a good night’s sleep and you’ll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning.
小题1:We know from the passage that a loud person is .
A.a student who always answers questions loudly in class |
B.someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice |
C.a student who likes speaking with others in class |
D.a person who makes a lot of noise in public places |
A.Don’t try to review everything you have learned in one go. |
B.Try to review what you’ve learned in one go. |
C.To read all your notes the night before the test. |
D.Try to remember everything on the first try. |
A.read your notes over and over again |
B.turn to people around you for help |
C.put aside the material for later review |
D.ask your teacher to explain it the next day |
A.Sleep again after waking up. |
B.Sleep holding your breath deep. |
C.Get a good night’s sleep. |
D.Go to sleep early every night. |
Mark has been attracted by the way how the world works since he was a baby. When he was 3, Mark was reading fluently, mostly self-taught. His parents haven"t been able to keep him away from books since.
"I tried many times to stop him reading. We worry about his crazy fond of reading because he constantly wants to read every-thing whatever it is.”
A psychologist at the Centre for gifted children tested Mark and gave him an IQ of 200. The average child of Mark"s age has an IQ of 100. At 200, Mark is a genius-even compared with other child geniuses.
"With children like Mark you can tell that"s a bright child as soon as they walk in. They just have this sort of intensity, and maybe they"re not so good at communicating with people," the psychologist said. "He will never fit perfectly into a class where he"s with children of his age.”But Mark"s mother worries about the "socially isolated" labels. "Nobody wants their child to grow up with that image. I want him to communicate with others freely, but not to be frustrated academically, so it"s really hard to find a balance," she says.
Helen Dudeney from the Talented and Gifted Children Association says Mark is one in a million with such a high IQ. She points out that geniuses are still rare and difficult for the public education system to handle. "The lack of coping comes because teachers aren"t trained in teaching gifted children," says Dudeney.
Helen believes it"s also extremely important for them to be recognized and supported in their talents. Mark"s parents are trying to figure out how best to help Mark. At the moment, there are few options. Mark finds first year work boring and simple, but he must learn to complete the work. His mother says, "We just want to be happy. Just to have a happy childhood and want to go to school every day.”
小题1:By saying "But his intelligence comes at a cost. ",the author means that
A.Mark must pay for his intelligence at a high price |
B.Mark"s intelligence brings him negative effects at the same time |
C.Mark"s intelligence results from his parents |
D.Mark"s parents make Mark clever at all costs |
A.Mark"s parents are very satisfied with his love for reading. |
B.Mark began to teach himself reading at the age of 3. |
C.Many child geniuses are not good at communicating with others. |
D.It is hard for parents to bring up a genius. |
________.
A.about 4,400 | B.about 5,500 | C.about 6,600 | D.about 7,700 |
A.A genius" craziness for books |
B.The life of the genius" parents |
C.The burden of being gifted |
D.The characteristics of Mark |
Professor Claire McDermott agrees that there’s a lot to be gained from sometimes putting those scheduled lessons and activities away. “Relaxing time is important for children. It’s time just to do the things they want to do. A child can go up to their room, or they can play around. It doesn’t look like productive time; parents certainly wouldn’t be saying ‘Wow, are they ever learning things now?’ But this relaxing time gives both the body and the brain just a wonderful chance to relax after a day. It helps a child prepare for sleep, but it also helps to understand the learning that’s gone on that day.”
It’s hard to prevent signing our kids up for some activities and lessons. After all, many of us want our children to have a head start in life and the chance to join in great activities in the arts or sports is a part of that. However, Loisie feels that in the long run most children feel better with just a few key activities because it gives them an opportunity to master them. “When we get our children in too many activities because we want our children to experience everything, then what we’re doing is setting them up not to be good at one thing or gaining a skill.” So choose your children’s activities wisely. It may be one of the best things you’ve ever done for your kids… and for the family drivers!
小题1:What is the biggest disadvantage for children to attend too many lessons after school?
A.They can get bored easily about everything. |
B.They might have no time to do the homework. |
C.They might not pay much attention to learning. |
D.They cannot easily focus on learning during the day. |
A.It is productive. | B.It is helpful. | C.It is a bad habit. | D.It is a waste of time. |
A.Because children have no time. |
B.Because children cannot learn many things. |
C.Because children do not have enough sleep. |
D.Because children cannot focus on too many activities. |
A.Don’t be children’s drivers after school. |
B.Choose activities for your children wisely. |
C.Make your children learn as much as possible. |
D.Let children learn something from various subjects. |
Many of us don’t like what we see around us but the last thing we do is to change it. I think that is the beginning of failure and that is why what we hate remains around us. If you don’t want to see things around you, don’t just hope it’ll change.
We have such an amazing power of creativity inside us to change the way things work around us. Only lazy people go about and say that is the way things have been working. I’ve come to discover that things around us depend on our actions and inactions. What I mean is that the circumstances that we like depend only on the things we do and the things we don’t do.
Do you want your country to change? Start by changing the small things around you. Before you think too far about any small thing to change, your habit should be the first thing to change. Change what you think about and talk about. Can you remember how difficult it was for you to break a habit that you desired to break some years back? If so, then you must accept that things aren’t just going to change by a magic thought. If it isn’t so easy to change yourself when you want to, it isn’t going to be so easy to change the people around you.
I think the best way I’ve changed people around me is that I changed myself. When you change, they’ll change. Just change yourself and see how many people will tell you later that you are the one who changes them. That’s one simple way young people can change their nations.
小题1: According to the text, why do we fail to change what we don’t like? _______
A.Because we lack the power of creativity. |
B.Because we never plan to change them. |
C.Because they cannot be changed. |
D.Because we don’t have the ability. |
A.things around us decide what we do |
B.the further you think, the better |
C.his actions can affect things around him |
D.he has to change the nation first |
A.telling readers one of the author’s interesting experiences |
B.giving an example to show how to change things around us |
C.showing readers how to change a nation |
D.asking us to remember to change our nation |
A.Circumstance creates a person. |
B.It is never too late to change your habits. |
C.A long journey begins with the first step. |
D.Changing ourselves means changing others. |
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Three kids to go until my turn to dive (跳水). At the front of the line, a girl in a pink swim suit is 36 and climbs onto the diving board. Will she change her 37, like I did last week, I wonder? Encouraged by the teacher, the Pink Girl 38. Only two kids to go. I feel very 39. You don’t have to do this, I tell myself. 40 next week is the pool party, my brain 41. You will be the 42 one who can’t go on the diving board.
As I am thinking, another girl dives into the 43. Then it’s my little brother Travis’ turn. I 44 my eyes, and then open them just in time to see him jump off the 45. He comes out of the water and smiles. I can’t help 46, too. Nothing scares that kid.
Then I realize it’s my 47. I climb onto the diving board. 48 are diving at the other end of the pool. Everywhere, everyone is 49. Except me.
“What are you 50?” asks the kid after my turn.
I step forward. Then I 51 Travis standing by the pool. “You can do it!” he shouts. That’s what I’ve 52 told him when he was 53 to tie his shoes or write his name.
I take a deep breath and step out into nothing. My body 54, and then I feel the water. I swim in the water for a while before I pull myself to the 55, where my face finds the sun. I DID IT!
小题1:
A.slow | B.right | C.ready | D.tired |
A.answer | B.mind | C.plan | D.role |
A.climbs | B.jumps | C.kicks | D.walks |
A.nervous | B.strange | C.surprised | D.angry |
A.Because | B.Unless | C.But | D.Though |
A.argues | B.doubts | C.decides | D.understands |
A.same | B.next | C.last | D.only |
A.sea | B.river | C.lake | D.pool |
A.close | B.wipe | C.cover | D.hurt |
A.roof | B.line | C.board | D.ladder |
A.dancing | B.smiling | C.opening | D.stopping |
A.way | B.hope | C.mistake | D.turn |
A.Parents | B.Kids | C.Classmates | D.Teachers |
A.moving | B.laughing | C.studying | D.changing |
A.looking for | B.waiting for | C.paying for | D.caring for |
A.imagine | B.remember | C.see | D.watch |
A.never | B.seldom | C.sometimes | D.always |
A.offering | B.agreeing | C.learning | D.refusing |
A.drops | B.shakes | C.breaks | D.rests |
A.surface | B.door | C.beach | D.sky |
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