题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
The health and physical condition of 32 was, of course, very necessary. 33 those in very good health and physical condition were chosen.
While being trained to be astronauts. They went through many 34 . They studied the star and the moon, and they also studied geology, the science of rocks. This was necessary 35 astronauts would have to look for rocks on the moon. They would try to find rocks which might help to tell the 36 of the moon. They were all 37 to fly in helicopters （直升飞机）。These helicopters landed 38 down to give them some experience of the way the spaceship would 39 land on the moon , They were also taught the 40 facts about the conditions in space. They learnt all the technical details of the spaceships and rockets. They visited the scientists and engineers who 41 them. They visited the factories where they were 42. They learnt how every 43 of a space-ship and its instruments work. They also learnt every detail of ground-control 44 .
In a word, to be chosen as an astronaut. One must be in good health, 45 in science and good at piloting.
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:D
小题6:A
小题7:C
小题8:B
小题9:C
小题10:B
小题11:C
小题12:B
小题13:D
小题14:D
小题15:C
小题16:C
小题17:B
小题18:A
小题19:C
小题20:D
解析
试题分析：
小题1:句意“在26岁和35岁之间进行筛选”，故between...and容易误选为at。At the age of...在某人多少岁时。
小题2:句意为：他们是有经验的，老练的。在这里old不是岁数的意思比experienced 更贴切。
小题3:上文中的many相对应。句意为：其他人是拥有的两个或三个学位的科学家。
小题4:因为是航天可能会深陷于危险之中，同用in danger.
小题5:根据下文人们都很珍惜这次被选中的机会，在兴奋和危险之间，他们都敢于冒险，不会拒绝这份冒险的工作。注意此处用了一个疑问句。accept 主观接受receive 客观接受offer主动提供
小题6:But, 但是，他们更看重后者。根据上文“任何人都不会拒绝这份令人激动的工作”可知。
小题7:被选中的飞行员的身体健康状况非常重要。根据上下文多次提及Pilot可知。
小题8:只有身体条件符合的才能被选中。最后一段One must be in good health可知。
小题9:根据下文They studied the star and the moon, and they also studied geology, the science of rocks.学习天体，地理等可知，必须学习很多相关的课程。Ways 方面，欠具体。
小题10:前后句构成因果关系，学习岩石科学知识很必要，因为宇航员在月球上必须寻找岩石。for表补充说明的原因; since表显而易见的原因，“既然”。
小题11:根据岩石构成以辨别月球的年代。Background背景
小题12:飞行员们也在特殊直升机上进行模拟训练。Train 训练 show展示
小题13:直升机的垂直下降为月球上的真实着陆提供了经验。 straight 径直的，径直地，形容词副词directly 直接地，副词
小题14:Really，真实情况。possibly 可能主语为物 likely很可能主语可以是人或物 actually 实际上
小题15:他们也会被教授一些太空中的已经知道的事实。Well-known 著名的 unknown 不为人所知的
小题16:他们拜访设计太空飞船和火箭的科学家。Them指的是the technical details of the spaceships and rockets，当然是科学家设计的。draw 画的 produce产生 make制作
小题17:他们也拜访生产飞船和火箭的工厂。
小题18:他可以了解太空船和其设备的每个部件是如何运行的。
小题19:他们也要学习基本操作系统的每个细节。
小题20:一个宇航员必须身体健康，精通航天科学，并且擅长飞行技术。well-done干得好的 well-fed 营养充足的 well- kept 保存完好的 well-informed熟悉的，博学多
点评：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了美国航天员的筛选过程和具体细节。难度中等。本文在命题上注重上下文的内在联系，重点考察了上下文逻辑，词义辨析，包括名词（6个），形容词（4个）和连词（3个），介词，代词，副词（2个），动词（4个）在语境中的具体区别。在解题过程中要抓住文章的结尾这一主题句，就容易理顺思路，围绕三个方面in good health, well-informed in science and good at piloting展开。这就告诉我们在做完形时，一定不要急于求成，要遵循：一看标题，二看句首，三看句尾的好习惯，真正把握文章主旨后，再顺藤摸瓜就容易做对了。
核心考点
试题【It is interesting how NASA(美国航空航天管理局)chose their astronauts for landing them on 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The cashless society
Cash and bank-notes will disappear almost completely. They will be replaced by smart cards, namely plastic cards: microchip（微芯片）processors（处理器）loaded with some money. When we pay for goods，the shop assistant will put our smart card into a payment terminal（终端）and money will come into his card from our card. When all the money is used up，we will be able to reloadit by putting it into a telephone，dialing our bank account and money will be put into the card from the account.
Interactive telephones
Talking computers will play an important part. They will recognize speech, ask us what information we need, look through a database，and put the information into speech．If we want to book a flight or pay a bill by phone, we will interact with a talking computer to do so. Human telephone operators will be used only for more complex operations such as dealing with complaints or solving special problems.
Traffic jams in cities will be reduced because drivers will use electronic route maps to find the quickest route to their destination. Electronic systems will start changing motorists for driving in cities．As soon as motorists have to pay to drive in cities, they will stop using their cars and use public transport instead. Speed control systems will be built into cars. These systems will automatically（自动地）regulate the speed of the car to take account of traffic and weather conditions and prevent accidents. It will be many years before these changes bring results but when they do，there will be a titanic improvement in road safety.
With the development of science and technology, more and more advanced things will be invented or created. Life in the future is undoubtedly different from that at the present.
小题1:Cash and bank-note will disappear because .
| A．they will be out of use sooner or later |
| B．they will be replaced by plastic cards convenient to use |
| C．we can load money from the bank |
| D．they will be rejected by payment terminals |
| A．Go to the bank to deposit some money. |
| B．Put the card into a telephone and dial the bank account. |
| C．Buy a new card. |
| D．We don’t know. |
| A．Future cars | B．Speed control systems | C．Intelligent cars | D．Traffic jams |
| A．When we buy tickets for flying somewhere else, we can have a talk with the computer. |
| B．If you make a complaint, you can use human telephone operation. |
| C．Drivers will stop using their cars and use public transport in order to prevent accidents. |
| D．The help of electronic route maps will decrease traffic jams. |
| A．huge and great | B．the name of a ship | C．slight | D．increasing |
Strangely, dolphins seem to like man, and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphin and its friendship with people.
There is a story about sailors in the 19th century. In a dangerous part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for a dolphin called Jack. From 1871 to 1903, Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way. Then in 1903 a passenger on a boat called The Penguin shot and wounded Jack. He recovered and for nine years more continued to guide all ships through the area－except for The Penguin.
Today, some people continue to kill dolphins, but many countries of the world now protect them and in these places it is against the law to kill them.
小题1:Dolphins are different from many other animals in that they _____.
| A．live in groups | B．have large brains | C．are warm-blooded | D．have their own language |
| A．Its nose. | B．Its ears. | C．Its mouth. | D．Its eyes. |
| A．He was lonely and liked to be with people. |
| B．They enjoyed playing with him. |
| C．He was seriously wounded. |
| D．They wanted his help. |
| A．dolphins are friendly and clever | B．people are cruel to animals |
| C．Jack is different from other dolphins | D．dolphins should be protected by law |
A group of graduates, well established in their careers, were talking at a reunion and decided to visit their old university professor, now retired. During their visit, the conversation turned to complaints about stress in their work and lives.
Offering his guests hot chocolate, the professor went into the kitchen and returned with a large pot of hot chocolate and other things including cups-porcelain(瓷杯子), glass, crystal, some plain looking, some expensive, some elegant -- telling them to help themselves to the hot chocolate.
When they all had a cup of hot chocolate in hand, the professor said: "I notice that all the nice looking and expensive cups were taken, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress. The cup that you"re drinking from adds nothing to the quality of the hot chocolate. In most cases it is just more expensive and in some cases even hides what we drink. What all of you really wanted was hot chocolate, not the cup; but you consciously went for the best cups... And then you began eyeing each others cups. Now consider this: Life is the hot chocolate; your job, money and position in society are the cups. They are just tools to hold and contain life. The cup you have does not define, nor change the quality of life you have. Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the hot chocolate we have. The happiest people don"t have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything that they have. Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply. Speak kindly. Thank the Lord for your blessings in 2011. And enjoy your hot chocolate in 2012!”
小题1: When did they decide to go to see their professor?
| A．After the reunion. | B．During the get-together. |
| C．Before they graduated. | D．Just after the professor retired. |
| A．Because cups were not enough for everyone. |
| B．Because cups were beautiful. |
| C．Because the professor wanted to teach them something. |
| D．Because hot chocolate should be contained in different cups. |
| A．Their graduation. | B．Their reunion. | C．Their visit. | D．Their complaints. |
| A．Life | B．happy things in life |
| C．hot chocolate | D．tools to hold and contain life |
| A．To tell them life is not easy, so try their best to be happy. |
| B．To educate them that the happiest people don"t have the best of everything. |
| C．To wish them to be grateful to their life and make the best of everything that they have. |
| D．To use different cups to tell them they should try different things in life. |
Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today. The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸盐） minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.
Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.
The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have confirmed the information.
Caltech Geology Professor John Eiler was another writer of the report. He says knowing the temperature of Mars from long ago provides valuable information. It shows that early in the planet"s history, at least part of Mars could support a climate like that of Earth.
The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars" surface when another space rock struck its "home."
小题1: The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.
| A．to set up |
| B．to make people accept a belief |
| C．to discover or prove |
| D．to start having a relationship with others |
| A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite. |
| B．By using spacecraft orbiting Mars. |
| C．By studying minerals gathered on Mars |
| D．By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface. |
| A．Measuring the temperature of Mars. |
| B．Taking photos of the surface of Mars. |
| C．Confirming that there is water flowing on Mars. |
| D．Finding where human beings will probably land on Mars. |
| A．From its original place on Mars. |
| B．From where it was found on the earth. |
| C．From the name of the scientist who found it. |
| D．From the name of the aircraft that discovered it |
| A．In a biography of scientists. |
| B．In a geography magazine. |
| C．In an environment report. |
| D．In a science report. |
One of the most important benefits will be the farm computer. A few forward-looking farmers are already using computers to help them run their farms more efficiently. The computers help them keep more accurate records so they can make better decisions on what crops to plant, how much livestock to buy, when to sell their products, and how much profit they can expect. Many computer companies have been developing special computer programs just for farmers. Programs are being written for hog producers, grain farmers, potato farmers, and dairy farmers. In the future, farmers will be able to purchase computer programs made to their needs. Because of the growing importance of computers on the farm, students at agricultural colleges are required to take computer classes in addition to their normal agricultural courses. There can be no doubt that farmers will rely on computers even more in the future. While the old-time farm depended on horse power, and modern farms depend on machine power, farms of the future will depend on computer power.
Another technological advance which is still in the experimental stage is the robot, a real “mechanized hired hand” that will be able to move and, in some ways, think like a human being. Agricultural engineers believe that computer-aided robots will make startling changes in farming before the end of the century. Unlike farmers of the present, farmers of the future will find that many day-to-day tasks will be done for them. Scientists are now developing robots that will be able to shear sheep, drive tractors, and harvest fruit. Even complex jobs will be done by robots. For example, in order to milk their cows, farmers must first drive them into the barn, then connect them to the milking machines, watch the machines, and disconnect them when they are finished. In the future, this will all be done by robots. In addition, when the milking is completed, the robots will automatically check to make sure that the milk is pure. The complete mobilization of the farm is far in the future, but engineers expect that some robots will be used before long.
小题1:Which sentence carried the main idea of the whole passage?
| A．The first sentence of the first paragraph. |
| B．The first sentence of the second paragraph. |
| C．The first sentence of the third paragraph. |
| D．The last sentence of the second paragraph. |
| A．how much money they can earn from their products |
| B．whether to plant a certain kind of crop |
| C．what livestock to raise |
| D．when to sell their products |
| A．Farmers in the future will depend totally on computers. |
| B．Both computers and robots have been in use on today’s farms. |
| C．Farmers mainly use machines on their farms at present. |
| D．Students at agricultural colleges must take computer classes because they can do nothing without the help of computers on today’s farms. |
| A．all farm work | B．milking cows |
| C．most of the farm work | D．some farm work |
| A．Computer, Farmers’ Best Friend | B．Farmers in The Future |
| C．The Agricultural Revolution | D．Computers and Robots |
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