题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
When trained, the rats can smell special metals in the mines and then signal(发信号) to their human team. Then why use rats for such an important job?
In the past, dogs have been used to find bombs. Rats have a good sense of smell and can respond to orders, just like dogs do. But rats are much lighter than dogs. They stand less of a chance of setting off the mines, which explode under a certain amount of weight. What’s more, the best rats are cheaper to keep than dogs. It costs about the same amount of money to take care of one dog as it does 70 rats.
The rats have already been used in Tanzania, an African country with many land mines. Luisa Fernanda Méndez and her team in Colombia are training the even lighter Wistar rats. These are the white rats with red eyes that scientists often use in laboratory experiments. “They even train their babies to perform their jobs, which saves us a lot of time, ” Méndez said.
Colombia has the second-highest rate(比率) of deaths from land mine accidents in the world. Last year, land mines killed 695 people — 56 of whom were children. A criminal group called the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC, as well as other organizations, have placed the mines. FARC are strongly against Colombia’s government. The group has placed mines all around its own bases and in many places in the countryside.
In the past, the Colombian government hired peasants and poor farmers to find mines. Many of them died trying to find the well-hidden bombs.
Colombian police official Erick Guzmán hopes the team of rats can come to the rescue(援救). “These rats will be a great help,” he said.
小题1:How do rats help to find land mines?
| A．By their special sight. | B．By their light weight. |
| C．By their sense of smell. | D．By their excellent hearing. |
| A．they are cleverer. |
| B．they run faster |
| C．they have a better sense of smell |
| D．they don’t make mines explode as easily |
| A．scientists | B．Wistar rats |
| C．dogs | D．Méndez and her team |
| A．Specially-trained rats help clear land mines. |
| B．People in Tanzania are suffering from land mines. |
| C．Dogs are no longer used to find land mines. |
| D．Land mines have become a great danger to Colombians. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了科学家们在哥伦比亚已经训练一组老鼠帮助在农村清除地雷。以前用狗来帮助清除地雷，老鼠的优势他有灵敏的嗅觉，能够闻出特殊的金属味，并且他们的体重轻引爆地雷的可能性小，还有养它们的费用比养狗的费用低。
小题1:细节理解题。根据the rats can smell special metals in the mines and then signal(发信号) to their human team.老鼠可以闻到特殊的金属在煤矿,然后给人发信号，故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据But rats are much lighter than dogs. They stand less of a chance
of setting off the mines,但是老鼠比狗更轻。他们的体重轻引爆地雷的可能性小，故选D。
小题3:词义猜测题。根据The rats have already been used in Tanzania, an African country with many land mines. Luisa Fernanda Méndez and her team in Colombia are training the even lighter Wistar rats. These are the white rats with red eyes that scientists often use in laboratory experiments.上文提到的是Wistar rats ，故选B。
小题4:主旨大意题。根据全文的内容主要说的是受过特殊训练老鼠帮助清理地雷，故选A。
点评：主旨大意题的难度较大，此类题目一般不易直接找到答案，最简单的方法是仔细研究文章开头的一二句，因为他们常是文章的主题句，然后，快速浏览文章首句和结尾句。如果第一句的主题不明，可注意结尾是否有概括总结，对选项要注意全面性和概括性。
核心考点
试题【Scientists in Colombia have trained a team of rats to help remove land mines fro】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The researchers found in a series of linked studies - using a messy desk and a messy shop front - that people actually thought more clearly when all around was chaos, as they sought to simplify the tasks at hand.
Visual and mental clutter（阻塞） forces human beings to focus and think more clearly.
Famous thinkers and writers such as Albert Einstein and Roald Dahl have been notorious（声名狼藉的） for their untidy desks.
“Messy desks may not be as detrimental（有害的） as they appear to be, as the problem-solving approaches they seem to cause can improve work efficiency or increase employees" creativity in problem solving,” say the authors.
“Business and government managers often promote "clean desk" policies to avoid disorganized offices and messy desks, for the purpose of boosting work efficiency and productivity,” writes lead researcher Jia Liu of the University of Groningen in a paper published in the Journal of Consumer Research.
“This practice is based on the conventional wisdom that a disorganized and messy environment can clutter one"s mind and complicate one"s judgments.”
“However, not all evidence supports this conventional link between a messy environment and a messy mind.”
The scientists tested people"s response in various "messy" environments - including a messy shop front, a disorganized desk, and even a work environment where a language task "reminded" people of messiness.
The authors found in the series of six studies people tended towards simplicity in their thinking.
“They categorized （分类） products in a simpler manner, were willing to pay more for a T-shirt that shows a simple-looking picture, and sought less variety in their choices.” said the researchers.
小题1: The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to show that _____．
| A．A messy desk cannot contribute to clearer thinking |
| B．People thought more clearly about a messy desk and a shop front |
| C．People will feel confused when all around are chaos |
| D．People manage to simplify the tasks in messy environments |
| A．to support the idea that clearer thinking comes from messy environment． |
| B．to tell the fact that Einstein was known for his untidy desks． |
| C．to stop us from learning from Albert Einstein． |
| D．to call on us to develop a good habit． |
| A．Messy environment will create clearer thinking． |
| B．Messy environment will simplify one" s judgment． |
| C．Messy environment can promote work efficiency． |
| D．Messy environment can block one" s mind． |
| A．People believe messy environment creates clearer thinking． |
| B．People sought more simplicity in the choices． |
| C．People were not willing to choose those complicated products． |
| D．Not all the people accept messy environment and complicated things |
When it comes to long life, Jeanne Calment is the world’s recordholder. She lived to the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the upper limit to the human life span（寿命）? If scientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could we possibly make it to 150－or beyond?
Researchers don’t entirely agree on the answers. “Calment lived to 122, so it wouldn’t surprise me if someone alive today reaches 130 or 135, ”says Jerry Shay at the University of Texas.
Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees. “People can live much longer than we think, ”he says. “Experts used to say that humans couldn’t live past 110. When Calment blew past that age, they raised the number to 120. So why can’t we go higher? ”
The trouble with guessing how old people can live to be is that it’s all just guessing. “Anyone can make up a number, ”says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan. “Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine. ”
Won’t new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centuries? Any cure, says Miller, for aging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120. Researchers are working on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most. So, if the average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, “adding another 50 percent would get you to 120. ”
So what can we conclude from this little disagreement among the researchers? That life span is flexible（有弹性的）, but there is a limit, says George Martin of the University of Washington. “We can get flies to live 50 percent longer, ”he says. “But a fly’s never going to live 150 years. ”Of course, if you became a new species （物种）, one that ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he adds.
Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve （进化）their way to longer life? “It’s pretty cool to think about, ”he says with a smile.
小题1: What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us?
| A．People can live to 122. |
| B．Old people are creative. |
| C．Women are sporty at 85. |
| D．Women live longer than men. |
| A．the average human life span could be 110 |
| B．scientists cannot find ways to slow aging |
| C．few people can expect to live to over 150 |
| D．researchers are not sure how long people can live |
| A．Jerry Shay. | B．Steve Austad |
| C．Rich Miller | D．George Martin |
| A．Most of us could be good at sports even at 120. |
| B．The average human life span cannot be doubled |
| C．Scientists believe mice are aging at a slower speed than before. |
| D．New techniques could be used to change flies into a new species |
To study in Canada is very cost effective. These universities are affordable compared to other universities in the world such as in the US, New Zealand and UK where cost of education and living is very high. According to a survey in 2006, “Canada offered the lowest tuition fees（学费） for foreign students compared to UK and Australia.”
The low rate of crimes and the peaceful safe environment of the country also attracts a lot of international students to Canadian universities. Canada has 92 universities and 175 community colleges and university degrees have three levels—Bachelor’s(学士), Master’s（硕士） and Doctoral（博士）.
A Bachelor’s degree in Canada is for three or four years’ full-time study depending on the nature of the program you are doing. On the other hand, a Master’s degree consists of two years of study. For a Doctoral program in Canadian universities, you require a minimum （最低/小的） of three to four or sometimes five years of research and study.
You can also find many diploma and certification （认证） program in Canadian universities where the time is generally one year. Some of the Canadian universities are well-regarded worldwide and the degree and diploma obtained from these Canadian universities are recognized globally and promise bright future. After the completion of studies, a person could also find great job offers in Canada itself. International students require a work permit to work on campus.
小题1: How long will you spend at least in total if you want to finish your Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctoral degrees in Canada?
| A．11 years | B．9 years | C．8 years | D．7 years |
①Quality education ② Safe environment
③ Versatile culture ④ Bright job future
⑤ High scholarships ⑥ Low tuition fees
| A．①②④⑤⑥ | B．①②③⑤⑥ | C．①③④⑤⑥ | D．①②③④⑥ |
| A．Favorable | B．Critical |
| C．Doubtful | D．Not mentioned |
| A．Canadian culture |
| B．The life in Canada |
| C．Benefits of studying abroad |
| D．Study in Canada — a unique experience |
At the present time, learning isn’t only limited to the classroom. It’s quite common for kids to learn from outdoor experiences. Teachers commonly take their pupils on field trips to museums as well as other interesting areas. If you wish to help pupils to take care of the ocean, one of the best areas to take them to is a marine association, the place where the ocean biome (生物圈) is shown.
Taking your pupils to a marine association is a prefect way to help them learn. Education professionals agree that there are topics that children can learn more successfully whenever they experience them directly.
Several organizations that focused on protecting the ocean now operate on the coast of different areas in America and all around the world. It’s quite common for marine associations nowadays to open their doors several times a week to kids, parents, and ocean lovers to learn more about the ocean biome.
A marine association has different programs for children of different ages. You’ll find programs that are developed specially for pupils. Pupils are involved in interactive (互动的) learning. This learning experience allows young children to recognize the value of the role each species performs in their environment. They not only get to research creatures from the ocean, but they also get to see, touch, and smell most of these animals and plants. This type of exposure offers students an idea about the life of a marine scientist. It could help them choose a career afterwards.
These programs are generally held on Saturdays and Sundays in order that kids and parents can have more hours in which to have fun. Teachers who want to arrange these activities for their students can call a local marine association near them.
小题1:According to the text, pupils can have a better understanding of the ocean biome by _______.
| A．learning about it from books |
| B．going to a marine association |
| C．attending marine biologists’ meetings |
| D．taking part-time jobs at marine associations |
| A．the advantage of learning at a marine association |
| B．different activities offered by a marine association |
| C．a marine association’s working conditions |
| D．the way to develop children’s interest in ocean |
| A．the way of explaining something |
| B．the way of choosing a career |
| C．a marine association’s working condition |
| D．the way to develop children’s interest in the ocean |
| A．Young children can enjoy indirectly what it is like to be a marine biologist at a marine association. |
| B．To help your pupils to take care of the ocean, the best area to take them to is a marine association. |
| C．Children can learn the topics more successfully when they experience them directly. |
| D．A marine association has the same program for children of different ages. |
| A．a teacher’s presentation |
| B．a marine biologist’s report |
| C．a student’s field trip journal |
| D．an introduction to a marine association |
One of the 20 dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule, who had been 21 to work out a very difficult problem in physics. He had 22 and analyzed the problem from every angle for days, but there seemed to be no way of 23 out the answer. Then one night he went to bed and dreamed．When he 24 up, he realized that he knew the answer. He had solved the problem in his 25 .
The hypnotist(催眠者) sat in the chair opposite him and spoke 26 : I want you to concentrate on my voice. Think about nothing. You know nothing but my voice. And as you pay attention to my voice, your 27 will get heavier. Soon you’ll be asleep.
You will hear my voice and 28 my words, but your body will be asleep, your eyes are too heavy. You are almost asleep, and when you wake up you will 29 nothing.
You will forget everything. Now I am going to 30 slowly from one to five. One, two, three, four, five.
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