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The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆).
Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning plant didn’t have to be imported.
The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.
During summer’s cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.
This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature swings—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters,” Pearce said.
The engineering firm of Ove  Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditioned building, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.
小题1:What’s the meaning of “complex” in the second paragraph? 
A.Something that is difficult to understand.
B.A group of buildings together in one place.
C.A group of things that are connected.
D.A mental state that is not normal.
小题2:How is fresh air from outside drawn out?
A.By fans.B.Via ceiling vents.
C.Through chimneys.D.Via ceiling vents and through chimneys.
小题3:What is NOT the factor that makes Eastgate Building work well?
A.Skies without clouds.
B.Little dampness.
C.Daily rapid temperature changes
D.Seasonal rapid temperature changes.
小题4:In general, how is the daily temperature of the building?
A.It changes in a certain range with some exception.
B.It changes from one extreme to another.
C.It remains the same without any exception.
D.It is hard to endure.
小题5:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners.
B.How air-conditioning works.
C.Fans make Eastgate Building’s temperature comfortable.
D.How Eastgate Building’s temperature control system works.

答案

小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:D
解析

试题分析:本文讲新型的建筑Eastgate,它比传统的建筑省钱,因为不需要装空调,它是利用天井和风扇把外面新鲜空气吸到办公室里面,这样空气即新鲜又经济。
小题1:B 细节理解题。根据第二段提到The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size这个建筑物,用了传统建筑物尺寸的10%,全国最大的商业购物中心,意思所有的建筑物在同一个地方,所以选B项。
小题2:D 细节理解题。根据第三段提到Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.可知新鲜空气一个通过通风口,另外当它上升变暖,最后通过被烟囱从天花板吸走,所以得知有两个途径,一通风口二烟囱,所以选D项。
小题3:D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段提到This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature swings—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters,得知只有一定海拔高度,并且白天的气温30度而夜晚气温14度的条件才能实现,而纽约的天气是近季节变化而不是天,所以D不是主要因素。
小题4:A 细节理解题。根据最后一段提到It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, 除了 the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night得知建筑物内的温度保持在23到25度,除10月与11月的雨季之外。所 以选A项。
小题5:D 主旨大意。本文讲新型的建筑Eastgate,它比传统的建筑省钱,因为不需要装空调,它是利用天井和风扇把外面新鲜空气吸到办公室里面,尤其是最后三段讲其是如何工作的,所以D项符合题意。
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试题【The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, is said 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
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Homework and stress are rarely reduced inside the classroom. Meanwhile, outside the classroom, the pressure is on to find scholarships for college.
According to Braintrack, a higher education database with worldwide reach, more than 3 billion US dollars (18 billion yuan) in private scholarships are awarded to college students annually. Average awards range from $2,000 to $3,000.
The scholarship application process is similar to the college application process: forms to be completed, test scores and transcripts to be sent, essays to be written and often interviews to be prepared for.
A few great places to start looking for scholarships are: www.fastweb.com, www.finaid.org and www.collegexpress.com.Check out the annual scholarship guidebooks Scholarships, Grants & Prizes by Peterson’s and the Ultimate Scholarship Book: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships, Grants and Prizes by Gen Tanabe and Kelly Tanabe.
Be selective. Thoroughly research the qualifications required by each of the scholarships. Don’t waste your time applying for those that are need-based if you can’t produce the appropriate documents.
Research past recipients (接受者). Check out the websites of the organizations sponsoring the scholarships. Many post the biographies of past recipients. You don’t need to have cured cancer, but if you don’t think your résumé (履历) measures up to the past winners’, you might be better served by moving onto the next scholarship on your list. Prepare for the interview.
You’ll want to dazzle them with your personality, but above all you’ll want to be prepared. Find someone you trust to conduct a similar interview with you – someone who will be honest with you and provide valuable suggestions.
Let your personality shine through in your essays. The essays are the best way for students to share who they are, where they’ve come from, what they’ve overcome and so on. Tell your story in an interesting and persuasive  way. And if you do have an interview, send a thank-you note afterward.
By Lee Bierer
小题1:What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?
A.To explain where to find scholarships for US colleges.
B.To inform readers of the scholarship application process.
C.To introduce some typical scholarships offered by US colleges.
D.To give tips on applying for US college scholarships.
小题2:If you want to learn about past recipients of a scholarship, you can use __.
A.www.collegexpress.com
B.the annual scholarship guidebooks published by Peterson’s
C.the websites of the organizations sponsoring the scholarships
D.The Ultimate Scholarship Book: Billions of Dollars in Scholarships, Grants and Prizes
小题3:The underlined word “dazzle” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ___.
A.influenceB.impressC.guideD.present
小题4:To increase your chance of winning a scholarship, you are advised to ____.
A.apply for as many scholarships as you can
B.tell an interesting story in your essay
C.do a similar interview to help you prepare for the real one
D.have a talk with past recipients and try to talk like they do

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Bottled water has become the choice for people who are healthy and thirsty. Bottled water is all over the world. But some say the planet’s health, and people’s health may be suffering from it.
The idea that bottled water is safer for humans may not be true. The Natural Resources Defense Council of America said, “There is no promise that because water comes out of a bottle, it is cleaner or safer than water from the tap.” Another New York City-based action group added that some bottled water is “really just tap water in a bottle—sometimes more clean, sometimes not.”

It is not proven that bottled water is better than tap water. Nick Reeves from the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management said, “The high mineral content (含量) of some bottled water makes them not good for feeding babies and young children.” Also, most bottled water doesn’t have fluoride (氟化物), which can make teeth stronger. Kids are drinking more bottled water and less fluoridated tap water, and some say that’s behind the recent rise in bad teeth.
Storing is another problem. Placed near heat, the plastic bottles can produce bad chemicals (化学物质) into the water.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, some 2.7 million tons of plastic are used worldwide to bottle water each year. The plastic can take between 400 and 1,000 years to break down.
In terms of energy use, plastic bottles are also not cheap. One report said that if water and soft drink bottlers had used 10 percent recycled materials in their plastic bottles, they would have saved about 72 million gallons of gas.
So, if you are worried about the effect of bottled water on the Earth, you can take the following steps.
● Drink from your tap. Unless your government warns against this, it should be fine.
● Get a container (容器). Carry your tap water in a steel or a lined drinking container, and clean it between uses.
● Keep it cool. Don’t drink from a bottle that has been sitting in the sun, don’t store it near chemicals, and don’t reuse plastic bottles.
● Choose glass containers over plastic if possible. When finished, recycle!
小题1:What is the main idea of the article?
A.Drinking tap water is the only choice for people.
B.Glass containers are better than plastic bottles.
C.Plastic bottles are harmful to the environment.
D.Bottled water may not be as good as we think.
小题2:What can we learn about plastic bottles from the article?
A.They break down in less than 300 years.B.They can be used for many other things.
C.They are a risk to the environment.D.They are cheap to make.
小题3:According to the article, we can know that bottled water is __________.
A.no problem for the environmentB.more expensive than tap water
C.always safer than tap waterD.better for babies
小题4:Which of the following about tap water is NOT mentioned in the article?
A.There are a lot of problems storing tap water.
B.Bottled water can be just tap water in a bottle.
C.It may be better for your teeth.
D.It may contain fluoride.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Animals are considered to be endangered if the species is close to extinction throughout all or most of its environment. Animals become endangered for a variety of reasons.
Some animals become endangered when their habitats contain resources for humans. For example, commercial forest cutting in the Amazon Rainforest has seriously reduced the population of many animal species and lead to the extinction of other groups. Land itself is an important resource to humans since it provides us with living space, and when people replace animal habitats with human habitats, it can lead to larger loss of natural species.
Commercial and industrial operations may reduce land or water for animals and pollute their environment. Due to water pollution, the baiji, a fresh water dolphin native to China, was declared extinct, meaning it’s unlikely the population can recover. Even noise pollution from human activities can lead to the disorder of animal behavior.
Another cause that makes animals become endangered is over-fishing or over-hunting. Over-hunting whales led to near extinction of many species of whales.
The introduction of a non-native species to a habitat may make animals become endangered. The native species may not defend against a new one, and the effects can be dangerous. In Australia, the introduction of the common house cat led to the extinction of the red-fronted parakeet and has seriously damaged the populations of several small animals.
Introduced species can also bring new diseases with them. As a result, animals become endangered. Native animals may not have the power to fight against non-native diseases, and population levels can suffer. Another cause of disease is human-introduced chemicals. The use of DDT is believed to be one of the leading causes in driving the California Condor to near extinction.
When animals become endangered, the entire food chain can be affected. For example, in 2008 disease seriously harmed the honeybee, which is largely responsible for pollinating(授花粉)  plants, including many fruits and vegetables. Without their pollination, a very large part of the human diet could be reduced. In fact, if the honeybee should become extinct, our life would be affected and billions of dollars would be lost. Therefore, many people argue that when animals become endangered it is in man’s own self-interest to protect them.
小题1:The passage is mainly about ______.
A.ways of protecting animals’ habitats
B.effects caused by species endangerment
C.dangers of bringing in non-native species
D.reasons why animals become endangered
小题2:Which of the following examples shows that environmental pollution may cause species endangerment?
A.The extinction of the whales.
B.The extinction of the red-fronted parakeet.
C.The decreasing population of the dolphin.
D.The effect of the honeybee on the human diet.
小题3:Why is it dangerous to introduce a non-native species to a habitat?
A.Native species are likely to die from the new diseases.
B.It’s hard for non-native species to survive.
C.Non-native species will take up more space.
D.Native species are so powerful for non-native species.
小题4:The California Condor is in danger of dying out because of ______.
A.loss of habitatB.harmful chemicals
C.forest cuttingD.unfamiliar diseases
小题5:We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.
A.humans are to blame for species extinction
B.small animals mean little to the whole food chain
C.protection of the honeybee has cost billions of dollars
D.humans protect animals for the benefit of themselves

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Alabama
Students in Alabama take the Alabama High School Graduation Exam, which consists of multiple-choice questions. In the classroom, Alabama high school students must prove specific skills in English and take certain math classes.
Among the 2013 U.S. News Best High Schools in Alabama, two were awarded gold medals, 16 received silver medals and 72 were considered bronze medal schools. One of the gold medal schools, Loveless Academic Magnet Program High School, lies about 90 miles south of Birmingham in the state capital of Montgomery, within the Montgomery County School District.
Alaska
To graduate, Alaska high school students must get at least 21 credits, including a half credit in Alaska history. Alaska judges students from the third grade through senior grades. Students first take the Alaska High School Graduation Qualifying Examination at the tenth grade. It includes math, reading and writing skills.
10 schools were awarded silver medals and 21 received bronze medals among the U.S. News Best High Schools in 2013. While Alaska"s capital is Juneau, several of the state"s Best High Schools are in or near Anchorage, in the Anchorage School District.
Delaware
Delaware students have a high GPA(平均绩点)and 10 hours of community service. If they hand in their FAFSA(自愿联邦奖学金)by a certain date, they may get the Inspire Scholarship, which helps pay for tuition at Delaware State University. Before they go to college, however, students must pass the Delaware Student Testing Program Exams.
Among the Delaware schools in the 2013 U.S. News Best High Schools, there are three silver medal schools and four bronze medal schools. The top school in the state is Delmar Senior High School. It is part of the Delmar School District and is about 50 miles from Delaware"s capital, Dover.
小题1:What"s the passage mainly about?
A.The introduction to the Best High Schools in three states.
B.The different examinations in several high schools.
C.Scholarships in the Best High Schools in three states.
D.The things students should do before going to college.
小题2:It can be inferred from the text that______.
A.students with a high GPA can get the Inspire Scholarship
B.reading and writing skills are included in the tests in all the schools
C.Alabama has the most best high schools of the three states
D.at least 21 credits are needed to graduate from all the schools
小题3:Which of the following in TRUE according to the passage?
A.The High School Graduation Exams are multiple-choice questions.
B.Both the gold medal schools in Alabama are in its capital.
C.There were 21 silver medal schools in Alaska in all.
D.Delmar Senior High school is the best in Delaware.
小题4:Alaska"s graduation exam is different from the others" in the aspect that______.
A.it includes all the subjects the students learn
B.it includes its own state history as well
C.it includes math, reading and writing skills
D.it includes 10 hours of community service
小题5:The Inspire Scholarship is a prize______.
A.that any student in gold medal schools can apply for
B.that is given to the top students in gold medal schools
C.that helps to pay for tuition at Delaware State University
D.that is very difficult to get for students in silver medal schools

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Parents are fuelling bad behavior among their children by attempting to "buy" their love with expensive gifts nowadays.
Over recent decades we seem to have created a "must have" culture among our young people. Many mothers and fathers believe they are "failing as parents" if they are unable to ensure that their children have the latest toy, electronic devices (the lap-top, cellphones, Game Boy, etc.) along with their friends. In many cases, families also feel pressured to enroll (使加入) children in ""every interest club or after-school activity that is available" to fill up their time like most of the other children.
But experts warned that the move might affect "precious family time" negatively. Graham Gorton, chairman of the Independent Schools Association, said that parents spent too much time filling their children"s lives, which had a series of negative effects on "the very precious family time that exists".
"It seems that those times when a whole weekend without planned work was seen as a luxury (奢侈) and a perfect opportunity to spend time together and share those valuable moments of childhood are long gone," Mr. Gorton said. "As a child I only once said that phrase that parents feared "I"m bored". Immediately my mother took action and produced a list of jobs and then insisted that I complete every one of them. Though l didn"t think cleaning all the floors could really get rid of my boredom, I enjoyed the feeling of staying at home with my mother and brothers."
Earlier this year, some researchers suggested that relatively wealthy parents were sometimes guilty of failing to teach basic social skills to children. "Often, it’s the rich middle classes that buy off their children through the computer and the TV. That then sets them apart from their family, and then the parents are surprised when their child isn’ t coming to school."
小题1:The second paragraph mainly tells us that ________.
A.today’s children have little time to play
B.today’s children depend on electronic tools too much
C.today’s parents feel pressured by the ""must have" culture
D.being qualified parents becomes harder for today"s young people
小题2:What does the "must have" phenomenon refer to based on the passage?
A.That children must have what other children have.
B.That children must have proper pressure to work hard.
C.That children must have special skills to ensure a better future.
D.That parents must have patience to know their children better.
小题3:Which of the following is the best advice you could give to parents based on Gorton’s statement?
A.Plan fewer activities for their children to improve family time.
B.Buy their children fewer things that they are fond of.
C.Give their children more housework to do.
D.Leave their children alone when the kids feel bored.
小题4:Mr. Gorton tended to think that in the past ________.
A.children enjoyed doing housework
B.children never thought life was boring
C.children liked to spend time with their family
D.children often had some planned work after school
小题5:From the passage we can infer that ________.
A.wealthy parents don’t like teaching basic social skills to children
B.parents should be much more strict with their children at home
C.children should not be brought up in a wealthy and pleasant environment
D.only satisfying children’s material needs is not a good way of parenting

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