题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ("befriend").
Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.
In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.
The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.
The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.
小题1:The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _____ .
| A．turn to friends for help | B．solve a conflict calmly |
| C．find an escape from reality | D．seek comfort from children |
| A．Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. |
| B．Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. |
| C．Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. |
| D．Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men. |
| A．Male hormones help build up the body"s resistance to stress. |
| B．In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. |
| C．Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. |
| D．The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings. |
| A．How men and women get over stress |
| B．How men and women suffer from stress |
| C．How researchers overcome stress problems |
| D．How researchers handle stress-related disorders |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
【文章大意】本文是一篇科技调查报告。本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。
小题1:根据第二段“men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response”和“they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight")”可判断男人更可能从现实中逃脱出来。
【考点定位】细节推断题。
小题2:根据第三段 an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body和men also secrete(分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones可判断，激素扮演重要角色，但是男人也分泌oxytocin，但受男性荷尔蒙的影响，它的作用降低了。故选D。
【考点定位】细节推断题。
小题3:根据第五段第一句“The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work”可判断选D。
【考点定位】细节推断题。
小题4:根据第一段的中心句：a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress.可知：本文由介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因然后主要谈男女如何克服压力。
【考点定位】主旨大意题。
核心考点
试题【Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
It is natural that a tree would grow best in a climate with plenty of sunlight and rainfall. It is also expected that little sunlight or rainfall would reduce the growth of a tree. The change from a favorable to an unfavorable climate can be found out by the reading pattern of rings in a tree trunk. To find out the weather of ten years ago, you can count the rings of a tree trunk from the outside to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the other rings, then it is certain that plenty of sunny and rainy weather occurred. If the rings are close together, then the climate was bad for the tree.
Studying trees is important not only for the history of weather, but also for the history of man. In an area of New Mexico you can find only sand — no trees or people. However, many centuries ago a large population lived there. They left suddenly. Why?
A scientist studied the pattern of the rings of dead trees that had grown there. He made up his mind that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees. Trees were necessary to make fires and buildings. So, after the people destroyed the trees, they had to move.
In this example studying tree rings uncovered an exciting fact about the history of man.
小题1:We can find out the weather of five years ago by counting the rings of a tree trunk ____.
| A．from the left to the right |
| B．from the right to the left |
| C．from the inside to the outside |
| D．from the outside to the inside |
| A．bad | B．sunny | C．favorable | D．rainy |
| A．why the people had to leave |
| B．where the people had to go |
| C．what the people had to eat |
| D．how the people left |
| A．trees provided an exact record of weather for research |
| B．trees could supply them with fruit and food to live on |
| C．trees could supply them with shades |
| D．trees were materials for fires and buildings |
| A．trees can’t live in the area without population |
| B．that studying trees is important for the history of man and weather. |
| C．what the real relation is between tree rings and the history of man and weather |
| D．the history of man is important for the history of trees |
In India, 10-year-old Saviraj Sankpal founded a support group for the tiny minority of only children. Among other things, the group does volunteer work to counter (or be against) the myth that they are not responsible. "People think we"re treated too kindly and ruined," says Sankpal, a computer engineering student. "But I"d like to remind them how lonely it can get."
Most only children, however, say they wish for sisters or brothers only when it comes to caring for aging, unhealthy parents. Britain"s David Emerson, coauthor of the book The Only Child, says that such a person bears terrible burden in having to make all the decisions alone. Emerson knows from experience: After his father died, he chose to move his elderly mother from their family home, where she was vulnerable to (or easy to be attacked by) house breakers, to a new one with more security." The move was quite hard on her, and she might feel that I pushed her into it," he says,". After all, I am left with that responsibility."
In the future, more and more only children will likely face similar choices. With working mothers increasing, many families are finding they simply don"t have the time, money or energy to have more than one child. As only children become common, perhaps the world will realize that the Charge made against them is unjust.
小题1:It can be inferred from the passage that the author"s attitude towards only children is _______.
| A．ironic | B．objective | C．unfriendly | D．unjust |
| A．found a support group for their only children |
| B．do volunteer work to help their only children |
| C．let their only children make all the decisions alone |
| D．set good examples for their only children |
| A．is the only one who cares about her |
| B．doesn"t want to leave her alone |
| C．wants to share the responsibility with her |
| D．is worried about her safety |
| A．spend all her time and money on her only child |
| B．be responsible for bringing up her only child |
| C．have and bring up only one child |
| D．devote all her energy to her job |
| A．only children are ruined and irresponsible |
| B．only children have to face many challenges |
| C．most only children want to have brothers and sisters |
| D．most only children share their responsibility with their parents |
Everyone knows that when you lift weights, your muscles get bigger and you get stronger. A person who can"t lift 20 pounds when he/she starts exercising can get strong enough to lift 100 pounds after working out for a long time. That"s because the muscles become larger and stronger with exercise. And when you stop exercising, the muscles shrink and you get weaker. That"s why people say “Use it or lose it！”
But most people don"t know that when they practice and learn new things, parts of their brain change and get larger a lot like muscles do when they exercise. Inside the cortex (皮层) of the brain are billions of tiny nerve cells, called neurons. The nerve cells have branches connecting them to other cells in a complicated network. Communication between these brain cells is what allows us to think and solve problems. When you learn new things, these tiny connections in the brain actually multiply and get stronger. The more you challenge your mind to learn, the more your brain cells grow. Then, things that you once found very hard or even impossible to do — like speaking a foreign language or doing algebra (代数) — seem to become easy after learning them for a period of time. The result is a stronger, smarter brain.
Scientists started thinking that the human brain could develop and change when they studied animals" brains. They found out that animals that lived in a challenging environment were more “perspicacious” — they were better at solving problems and learning new things.
小题1:According to the first paragraph，________.
| A．the function of our brain is like that of the muscle |
| B．until now it"s impossible to explain the brain"s mystery |
| C．many people believe one"s intelligence is naturally determined |
| D．one"s brain grows stronger as the age increases |
| A．using the brain |
| B．connecting things in your brain |
| C．lifting weights |
| D．doing research about the brain |
The complex structure of the brain.
B. How changes in the muscles affect the brain.
C. The importance of the brain.
D. How the brain becomes stronger by learning new things.
小题4:What does the underlined word “perspicacious” in the last paragraph probably mean_________?
| A．Strong. | B．Smart. | C．Popular. | D．Active. |
| A．the differences between animals’ brains and humans’ brains |
| B．the relation between human brains and muscles |
| C．scientists’ findings about animals’ brains |
| D．how to make your brain smarter through self-development |
Montana State University scientist Robert Dore has been researching the water in the Pacific Ocean for almost two decades. “We’ve been going to the same spot in the Pacific Ocean, and we try and characterize long-term change in the open ocean environment. And one of the key things that we measure is CO2 levels. And we’ve been able to record this increasing quantity of atmosphere CO2 into the ocean.”
Scientists expected that as atmosphere CO2 increased, more and more of the carbon dioxide would be absorbed into the ocean, affecting the chemical balance of the sea water, with a potentially harmful impact on shellfish and coral in particular.
“As carbon dioxide dissolves in the water or seawater in this case, it forms a weak acid, carbonic acid,” Dore explains. “And therefore, as the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere goes up and that exchanges with the surface seawater, it drives the pH down, and makes it more acidic.”
The seawater samples Dore and his colleagues have analyzed confirm what the theory predicts.
The effect was particular striking at about 250 meters down, and again at 500 meters. Dore and his colleagues came up with two possible explanations. It could be that surface water picked up CO2 and then moved to those depths. Or there could be a biological explanation.
“It’s important to realize that the oceans are really becoming acidic. And it can have negative impacts on a whole variety of sea life from fish to coral. It’s potentially catastrophic.”
小题1:What can be the best title of the passage?
| A．Scientist Researching Seawater |
| B．Sea Life Facing Danger |
| C．Oceans Becoming More Acidic |
| D．Climate Change Affecting Seawater |
| A．more corals will appear in the sea |
| B．the chemical balance of the seawater is affected |
| C．the surface water is becoming warmer |
| D．the pH of the ocean out here has been increasing |
a. Sea life is endangered.
b. CO2 goes into the surface water.
c. The ocean chemistry is affected.
d. CO2 decreases the pH and makes the seawater more acidic.
e. CO2 levels in the atmosphere go up.
| A．a→b→c→d→e | B．e→b→c→d→a |
| C．a→e→b→c→d | D．e→d→c→b→a |
| A．the expectation of other scientists |
| B．some former theory |
| C．his research and analysis |
| D．a major cause of climate change |
We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint for invention. We’ve borrowed canals from beavers and reflectors from cat’s eyes. Although the words “bionics”(仿生学) became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(档案) don’t go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright’s pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore(梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter .
Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic(简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett’s fish submarine actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)-sounds shocking, doesn’t it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
小题1:“Cats”, “monkeys” and “giraffes” mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to show______.
| A．they are highly-evolved species as humans |
| B．animals have skills that humans do not possess |
| C．humans can learn animals’ skills |
| D．they are skillful in different ways |
| A．People carried out a systematic study on pigeons. |
| B．People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane. |
| C．People could fly their airplane for fun. |
| D．People kept their airplane at a French gallery. |
| A．It has cost a large sum of money. |
| B．It has changed our life. |
| C．It has improved the abilities of tanks |
| D．It has not succeeded yet. |
| A．many inventions get ideas from nature. |
| B．Some animals possess unique skills. |
| C．People should protect nature. |
| D．Bionics is far from perfect |
最新试题
- 1解方程组：x3-y4=13x-4y=2
- 2通常情况下，电阻的大小与______、______、______和温度有关．
- 3My mother insisted the coat ____ me quite well and that I __
- 4-2的倒数是[ ]A.-2 B.2 C.D.-
- 5超声波是人耳听不见的声音，但它有着广泛的应用. 在下列设备中，利用超声波工作的是 [ ]A．验钞机 B．微波炉C
- 6金属活动性不同，冶炼方法也不同，在下列括号中填入适当的冶炼方法，并补充完成化学方程式： （____________）
- 7阅读下面这首宋词，完成8—9题。（8分）念奴娇•书东流村壁①辛弃疾 野塘花落，又匆匆过了，清明时节。刬地②东风欺客梦，
- 8柏拉图经常称亚里士多德是小马驹（小马驹吃足了奶就会踢它母亲），其意思是指亚里士多德 [ ]A．敢于挑战权威 B．
- 9如图，点P在∠AOB内，线段MN交OA、OB于点E、F点，M、N分别是点P关于OA、OB的对称点，若△PEF的周长为15
- 10下列词语中加点的字，每对的读音都不相同的一组是A．与会/参与坍塌/殚精竭虑高亢/引吭高歌B．塑造/追溯处所/处之泰然骨髓
热门考点
- 1规定英王为英国教会唯一的、至高无上的首脑的文件是A．《三十九条信纲》B．《九十五条论纲》C．《至尊法案》D．《致德意志的
- 2下列说法中不正确的是（ ）A．维勒用无机物合成了尿素，突破了无机物与有机物的界限B．开发核能、太阳能等新能源，推广基
- 3攻占巴士底狱导致的革命事件是[ ]A、英国资产阶级革命B、法国资产阶级革命C、美国独立战争D、美国内战
- 4黑火药发生爆炸的反应中：S＋2KNO3＋3C＝K2S＋N2↑＋3CO2↑被还原的元素是A．只有NB．只有S C．N和SD
- 5—How is the young man? —_____.A. He is twelve. B. He"s much
- 6“毒胶囊”泛指利用由工业皮革废料为原料生产的含重金属铬（Cr）超标的胶囊，其中含有可能引起人体肾伤害的+6价的铬．下列铬
- 7材料一：2010年前三季度我国居民消费价格环比涨幅分类比较食品类烟酒及用品类家庭设备用品及维修服务类医疗保健和个人用品类
- 8被称为“第七类营养素”的是（ ）A．蛋白质B．维生素C．胡萝卜素D．膳食纤维
- 9《名人传》是法国著名作家罗曼·罗兰为三位伟大的艺术家写的传记，请根据你的阅读积累，回答下面两题。【片断一】如果他要建造一
- 10现阶段，我国社会主义经济的资源配置主要是通过市场的作用实现的。请用有关经济学道理加以说明。