题目

题型：不详难度：来源：

Hospital emergency rooms treat injured fingers all the time. Without treatment，a bad cut can lead to permanent damage. But how should a person know when a bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention? We asked Dr. Martin Brown. Chairman of the department of emergency medicine at Inova Alexandria Hospital in Virginia.   
First，the medical term for a cut or tear in the skin is a laceration(严重划破，撕裂伤). Dr. Brown says the length is usually not as important as the depth. He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep. “If you have a short but deep laceration where there’s been a structure underneath that"s been damaged a tendon，a nerve，a blood vessel,”says Martin，“it may, in fact，need professional attention. ”
Some injuries —like a fingertip that gets cut off might even require surgery to repair. That requires a specialist to either file(锉平) down the bone or reattach the fingertip. More often，filing down the bone is what is done because reattaching a fingertip is often not successful.
How a wound bleeds can be a sign of how serious it is. Minor cuts usually produce what is known as venous(静脉)bleeding. This means the blood flows steadily from the injury. The bleeding will often stop when pressure is put on the wound. Dr. Brown says in most cases holding direct pressure with clean gauze or a cloth for four to five minutes should stop the bleeding. With a cut finger, holding the hand above the heart can reduce the loss of blood. But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force，this may be a sign of arterial(动脉)bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible.
Even a cut that does not require medical attention must be kept clean to prevent infection. Small cuts should be cleaned gently with clean water. Use a washcloth to clean the area if the wound is dirty. Dr Brown says cuts should be covered with a clean, dry bandage. 
小题1: What does the writer want to tell the readers in the first paragraph? 

A．Hospital emergency rooms always treat injured fingers.

B．A bleeding cut is serious enough to require medical attention.

C．Dr Martin Brown is in charge of Inova Alexandra Hospital.

D．It is important for us to be able to tell how serious a finger cut is.

小题2: According to the passage，_____________________.

A．a finger cut without treatment will certainly lead to permanent damage

B．the length of a cut on a finger is more important than the depth

C．a long but not very deep cut often doesn’t need professional attention

D．a short but deep laceration that’s been damaged need professional attention

小题3: The underlined word “reattach” in Para. 3 is closest in meaning to ________________.

A．repair

B．rebuild

C．reconstruct

D．reconnect

小题4: Which of the following statements in NOT true according to the passage?

A．How a wound bleeds can show us how serious the wound could be.

B．Venous bleeding will often stop when we put pressure on the wound.

C．Holding up the hand with a finger cut can reduce the loss of blood.

D．Arterial bleeding should get professional treatment as soon as possible.

小题5: The best title of this passage should be ______________________.

A．Hospital Emergency Treatments For Injured Fingers

B．When a Cut Finger Is More Serious Than It Might Seem

C．Serious Finger Cut That Requires Medical Attention

D．Keep Finger Cuts Clean to Prevent Serious Infection

答案

小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:B

解析

试题分析：
小题1:D 推理判断题，根据第一段的Without treatment，a bad cut can lead to permanent damage可知，作者是为了让读者知道其重要性
小题2:C 事实细节题，根据第二段的He says a long cut on a finger can likely be treated without a visit to a doctor if the wound is not very deep可知
小题3:D 猜测词义题，根据该段前面的like a fingertip that gets cut off might even require surgery to repair可知，此处指的是要重新接上断掉的手指
小题4:C 事实细节题，根据第四段的But if a cut appears to be pumping blood out with some force，this may be a sign of arterial(动脉)bleeding. This kind of injury should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible可知，C错误
小题5:B 主旨大意题，根据主体段第一段的内容可知，文章主要讲述的是什么时候的手指切伤是严重的。
点评：本文主要讲述的是什么时候的手指切伤是严重的。科普类文章的关键在于扫除文章中的词汇障碍，要根据上下文的串联，同义词，近义词以及定义等来猜测词义。对于文章中的细节题，要注意文章中的细节的理解。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断。