题目

题型：不详难度：来源：

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项（选项中有两项为多余选项）．并在答案卡上将该项涂黑。
Urbanization
Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.     小题1:_ . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history--- a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. 小题2:_  .The process of urbanization--- the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city--- was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.
In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms.       小题3:   .
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.  _小题4:. Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.
Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country.       小题5:_ . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.

A．That kept cities very small.

B．The rest live in small towns.

C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered.

D．Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.

E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.
F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.

答案

小题1:E
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:F

解析

试题分析：本文讲述了城市化的进程。从第一个城市的出现到现代社会的形成，从少数人居住在城市到绝大多数人迁移到城市，在这个过程中工业革命起了非常重要的作用。
小题1:E考察语境理解及推理判断能力。根据空前面句子可知早在5，500年前就建立了第一个城市，而后面句子却说几乎每个人都住在农场或小村庄里，所以71空应该是说明城市发展很缓慢的句子，承上启下而且表示转折，由此判断E为正确选项。句意：但是200年前才有很少的人能够住在城市里。
小题2:D考察上下文的语境理解能力。空前面句子Britain became the first urban society ；Britain was only the beginning. 表明了城市化的开始，那么72空应该是讲城市的发展，所以很多其他的工业化国家也成为了都市社会。故D选项正确。
小题3:B考查上下文的理解及推理判断能力。前面句子用数字fewer than 40% o和over 82% of Americans live in cities.进行对比，所以73空也应该与后面 Only about 2% live on farms.构成对比，故B选项正确。
小题4:A考查上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空前面的句子Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.是说甚至在先进的农业社会，得需要农场里的95个人才能养活城市里的5个人，所以后面句子应该是由此引出的结果，这就使得城市规模比较小。所以A选项正确
小题5:F考查上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空前面句子说工业革命打破了城市和农村的平衡，空后面的句子应该同样是表明工业革命影响的句子，由此判断F为正确选项。句意：现代化把人们吸引到了城市而且使得农民们更高产了。