A study of sleep in sparrows suggests the relationship between sleep and the ability to learn may be more complicated(复杂) than people knew.
Niels C·Rattenborg, a scientist from Wisconsin-Madison, wanted to find out how the sparrows were able to deal with getting so much less sleep. He and his team brought eight wild birds into a lab and watched them for one year. They invented a game to check how well the birds could learn. In the game, the sparrows had to peck(啄)three buttons （按钮）in a right order to get a food treat. The scientists discovered that the birds’ ability to learn the right button order depended on(依靠)two things: the time of year and the amount of sleep the birds had had.
During the migration（迁徙）season, the sparrows were restless at night and got much less sleep than usual. Even so, they were able to understand how to get the food quickly as if they’d had a regular night of sleep. Outside the migration season, they found the sparrows that got less sleep than usual had much more difficulty learning how to get the food treats than birds that had a regular sleep.
The results show that the sparrows can deal with much less sleep during the migration season than usual. If scientists can find out why, they may learn from sparrows and find ways of helping people deal with getting much less sleep. Until scientists fully understand the relationship between sleep and learning, it’s better to get plenty of sleep when preparing for an exam.
小题1:The passage is mainly about .| A．sparrows’ migration. | | B．sleep lessons from Sparrows. | | C．how to get less sleep while studying | | D．how sparrows that got less sleep get food treats |
小题2:Why can sparrows get much less sleep during the migration season?| A．They eat more. | | B．The climate is better | | C．They can get food quickly | | D．Scientists still don’t know the reason. |
小题3:What fact does the passage lead you to believe?| A．We should sleep as little as sparrows do. | | B．We should get enough sleep before an exam. | | C．When tired, we should try to focus on(聚焦) our study. | | D．When tired, we should check how we can sleep less than usual. |
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小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:B |
试题分析：这篇文章主要讲了，如果你累了再去学习，可能学习效果就不很好，通过麻雀的睡眠研究表明睡眠和学习能力之间是有很大关系的。
小题1:主旨大意题。通读文章可知主要是介绍从麻雀那里研究可知的睡眠的情况。可知选D。
小题2:细节理解题。麻雀在迁徙的季节睡眠很少，科学家也没有明确的答案。可知应选D。
小题3:细节理解题。这篇文章让我们了解到我们应该在考试之前得到大量的睡眠。故选B。 |
核心考点
试题【If you’ve tried studying when you’re tired, you know that it can seem very impos】；主要考察你对
科普环保类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
小题1: exhibition.
It p 小题2:a close look at butterflies. Dan Babbitt, one of the l 小题3: of the museum says visitors can get very close to the butterflies to learn about their i小题4: .“Our purpose is to c小题5: people to the natural world. We have found that using animals and insects is an amazing way to do that.” Babbitt says butterflies are important to the e 小题6: for several reasons.
“One big reason is because of pollination（授粉）. They will t 小题7: from flower to flower, taking pollen(花粉) from one flower to another. So we won’t have a number of fruit that we like to eat w 小题8: butterflies.”
“We have butterflies from all over the world” he says. “And have already s 小题9: about 5,000 or so different kinds.” He a 小题10: that the museum’s goal for the next five years is to let more people learn more about butterflies . |
“Er, er, er…… I’m sorry I forget my words.” Tom rushed out of the hall with his face red. People afraid of speaking in public are suffering from “Stage Fright”. Stage fright makes a person . In that it can make one"s mind go blank(空白) and forget one ought to say, or to act. Actors, musicians, dancers, lawyers, even TV show hosts suffered from stage fright at one time or .
Diana Nichols is an expert in helping people free from stage fright at a medical center in New York City. She helps actors learn to themselves. Miss Nichols says some people have always been to perform before the audience. Others, she says, develop stage fright after a terrible experience.
She offers them advice to control the fear. One way is to smile going onto the stage. Taking two deep breaths helps. Deep helps you get control of your body.
Miss Nichols asks her patients to tell themselves that their speech or performance does not have to be . It"s to make a mistake. She tells them they should not be too nervous while they are performing. It is important that they should continue to perform while she is helping them. After each performance, they discuss what happened and find out what helped and what did not.As they perform more and more, they will fear . Miss Nichols says the aim is only to reduce stage fright, not to smooth it away . This is a little stage fright makes a person more careful, and improves the performance.
 
| 小题1: | | A．joyful | B．unhappy | C．nervous | D．hopeless |
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| 小题2: | | A．case | B．mood | C．sense | D．condition |
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| 小题3: | | A．when | B．what | C．how | D．whether |
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| 小题4: | | A．others | B．other | C．another | D．the other |
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| 小题5: | | A．cure | B．control | C．hold | D．protect |
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| 小题6: | | A．satisfied | B．happy | C．afraid | D．surprised |
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| 小题7: | | A．since | B．until | C．during | D．before |
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| 小题8: | | A．too | B．as well | C．also | D．either |
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| 小题9: | | A．breathing | B．to breathe | C．to have breathed | D．breathes |
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| 小题10: | | A．perfect | B．fine | C．good | D．pleasant |
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| 小题11: | | A．incorrect | B．important | C．unnecessary | D．all right |
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| 小题12: | | A．people | B．advice | C．words | D．measures |
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| 小题13: | | A．less and less | B．fewer and fewer | C．more and more | D．smaller and smaller |
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| 小题14: | | A．practically | B．easily | C．completely | D．really |
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| 小题15: | | A．why | B．that | C．since | D．because |
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Some people have a kind of magic. They will make you comfortable while they are around. You feel at ease while talking to them. How is it done? Here are several skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they"ll help people feel relaxed and make friends with them quickly.
First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. One well-known businesswoman says, "At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It"s a common question, but it will get things going." From there you can move on to other matters—sometimes to really personal questions. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.
Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers. This point seems clear, but it isn"t. Your questions should have a point and help to tell what kind of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively. Real listening at least means some things. First it means not to change the topic of conversation. If someone insists on one topic, it means he"s really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to the voice. If the voice sounds bored, then, it"s time for you to change the topic.
Finally, good talkers know well how to deal with the moment of saying good-bye. If you"re saying it, you may give him a handshake and say, "I"ve really enjoyed meeting you." If you want to see that person again, don"t keep it a secret. Let people know your thoughts.
小题1:Asking questions might be a quite good and suitable way ________.| A．for you to make more and more new friends | | B．to begin your business talks | | C．to get things going | | D．for you to make a deep and lasting impression on others |
小题2:After asking somebody a question, it"ll be polite of you to ________.| A．agree with what others say all the time | | B．listen to his reply attentively | | C．wait impatiently for his answer | | D．go on asking him more questions |
小题3:Generally speaking, good talkers are persons who ________.| A．are not good at making any topic interesting | | B．never talk too much or too little | | C．always speak in a gentle way | | D．know when they should change the topic of the talk |
小题4:If you really want to meet someone again, ________.| A．you may take him as your lifelong true friend | | B．it seems necessary for you to let him know it | | C．it"s proper for you to give him a second handshake | | D．it"ll be helpful for you to have further understanding of him |
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Many young people all over the world love to travel and see the world. Have you heard of backpackers? They are normally young people who travel cheaply with just one bag and comfortable walking boots. They buy local food in supermarkets to save money and at the same time become friends with local people.
Some people prefer adventure tours. Brave people may try bungee(蹦极) jumping from the bridge overlooking the Victoria Falls in Africa with only a rope around their legs. Some enjoy the challenge of rock climbing in the Alps in Switzerland. Others may go ice skiing in the Rocky Mountains in the USA.
Have you ever heard of an ecotourism (生态旅游)? It means a holiday in which people come close to nature but are very careful not to destroy the nature beauty or living things in the area. How can this be possible? Let"s read an interview with people who enjoyed a swimming with dolphins tour.
Interviewer what was the most exciting part of your holiday?
Sharon from South Africa I felt excited when I heard the sound of wild dolphins beside me in the water and then swimming directly under me. An image I will never forget.
Xavier from Portugal There were two dolphins below us swimming downwards. One stopped and looked back at me as if to say “What are those strange things?” Fantastic!
Interviewer Did you feel that your holiday helped local people and areas to keep their beautiful environment?
Jane from New Zealand The hotel and the whale and dolphin watching companies hire local people. They used to hunt those whales and dolphins, but now they can earn money from tourism and mustn’t kill whales and dolphins. Not many boats are used at the same time so these animals aren"t disturbed. The boat companies also work to educate the local schools about the importance of protecting these wonderful animals.
Helen from England I am glad they are not killing the whales and dolphins any more, but the cars and boats use fuel(燃料) which could cause pollution and make the sea dirtier.
Well, what do you think? Thousands of people visit the Forbidden City or the Great Wall of China every year. Do you think that"s a good thing, or do you feel that China"s important tourist attractions can be affected? Are there any ways of sharing your treasures (珍宝) but keeping them in good condition?
小题1:From the first paragraph, backpackers are young people________.| A．visiting historical places in China | | B．traveling cheaply with just one bag | | C．who love to travel and see the world alone | | D．who love to buy local things as souvenirs |
小题2:What can"t you do when you take an ecotourism?| A．Come close to nature in the holiday carefully. | | B．Protect the living things in the area. | | C．Be careful not to destroy the nature beauty. | | D．Keep the local people unhappy. |
小题3:Sharon, Xavier, Jane and Helen think the tours are helpful EXCEPT________.| A．the hotel and the companies hire local people to help them earn money | | B．local people used to hunt and kill whales and dolphins but now they don"t | | C．not many boats are used at the same time so animals aren"t disturbed | | D．the cars and boats use fuel to cause pollution and make the sea dirtier |
小题4:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?| A．It"s a cheap and popular way to travel and see the world as a backpacker. | | B．We believe an ecotourism can greatly protect the nature beauty and living things. | | C．China"s tourist attractions can be protected because of being visited by tourists. | | D．We’d better find good ways to share our treasures and keep them good. |
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Do you know how to study better and make your study more effective(有效的). We all know that Chinese students usually study very hard for long . This is very good, but it doesn’t a lot, for an effective students must have enough sleep, enough food and enough rest and exercise. Every day you need to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some nice places. It’s good for your study.
When you return your studies, your mind will be refreshed(清醒) and you’ll learn more study better. Psychologists(心理学家) that learning takes place in this way. Here take English learning an example. First you make a lot of progress and you feel happy. Then your language study seems the same. So you will think you’re learning and you may give up. This can last for days or every week, yet you needn’t give up. At some point your language study will again take another big . You’ll see that you really have been learning all along. If you get enough sleep, food, rest and exercise, studying English can be very effective and . Don’t give up along the way. Learn slowly and you’re sure to get a good result.
| 小题1: | | A．days | B．time | C．hours | D．weeks |
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| 小题4: | | A．yet | B．and | C．although | D．but |
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| 小题5: | | A．have found | B．have taught | C．told | D．said |
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| 小题7: | | A．to have | B．to make | C．to take | D．to stay |
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| 小题8: | | A．something | B．anything | C．nothing | D．everything |
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| 小题9: | | A．work | B．jump | C．walk | D．result |
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| 小题10: | | A．hard | B．common | C．interesting | D．possible |
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