On May 2, 2012, Ashok Gadgil became the winner of the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Global Innovation (全球创新奖). Each year, the honor is given to an inventor who has made a big difference in the lives of people in developing countries. Gadgil is a professor and physicist at the University of California, Berkeley. He spent thirty years helping people in need. His inventions have helped more than 100 million people around the world. “I chose to focus on problems where my knowledge of science could help,” Gadgil said.
In the 1990s, Gadgil designed his first life-saving invention after more than 10,000 people died from Bengal cholera (孟加拉霍乱) because of the clean water crisis (危机) in India. His invention uses ultraviolet light to kill deadly disease-carrying germs (细菌) from drinking water. It costs just one cent to clean five liters of water (about 21 cups). So far, the invention has provided safe drinking water for more than five million people in India and other developing countries.
Gadgil’s another important invention is the Berkeley-Darfur Stove (炉具). The long and violent war in Darfur, Sudan, has caused many people to move to foreign countries and live in refugee camps (难民营). They are given food aid. But people still have to travel a long distance five times a week to gather firewood to cook meals. This can be dangerous because of street violence in the area. To avoid danger, some spend much of their money used to feed their families buying firewood.
The stove Gadgil created cuts fuel usage by 55%. That means people wouldn’t have to leave the camps to find firewood as often. The invention also helps to save homes more than $300 a year. About 125,000 people and their families have been helped.
As a professor, Gadgil encourages his students, “Be optimistic (乐观的) when you try a hard problem,” he says. “It’s when you solve a large problem that you can have a big influence on the world.”
小题1: Ashok Gadgil was given the honor because _______.| A．he was a famous professor and physicist at UC, Berkeley | | B．he improved the lives of people in developing countries | | C．he spent thirty years helping people in need | | D．he developed useful inventions with his team |
小题2:Which of the following statements about Gadgil is TRUE?| A．He helped about 125,000 people in India. | | B．He spent lots of money on his inventions. | | C．He used his knowledge to help people in need. | | D．One of his inventions could cure Bengal cholera. |
小题3:What do people benefit from the Berkeley-Darfur Stove?| A．They can sell stoves to make a living. | | B．They can save both time and money. | | C．They can be protected from diseases. | | D．They can cook their food easily. |
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小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D |
试题分析：2012年5月2日，加吉尔获得了麻省理工学院全球创新奖。他的发明给发展中国家的人们提供了很大帮助。他的发明帮助了世界各地的人超过了1亿。第一项发明是用紫外线***死饮用水中携带疾病的细菌，第二项发明是伯克利-达尔富尔斯火炉。他的每一项发明都为全世界的人们提供了很大的帮助。
小题1:细节理解题。问题：为什么加吉尔得到了这个荣誉？分析原文：Each year, the honor is given to an inventor who has made a big difference in the lives of people in developing countries.句意：每年，他的发明都为发展中国家的人们提供了很大的帮助。为此他获得了这个荣誉。故选B
小题2:细节理解题。问题：下列关于加吉尔的描述正确的是哪一项？结合句意，分析选项：第一项的中的数字不正确；第二项短文中没有描述他在发明中花费了很多钱；第四项题意：他的发明之一，可以治愈
孟加拉霍乱。应改为他的发明可以帮助解决这种疾病。故选 C
小题3:细节理解题。问题：人们从伯克利-达尔富尔斯火炉得到了什么利益？分析原文：The stove Gadgil created cuts fuel usage by 55%. That means people wouldn’t have to leave the camps to find firewood as often. The invention also helps to save homes more than $300 a year. 句意：这种火炉可以节省用料55%。人们不用四处找柴火了。同时可以帮助每个家庭一年节省超过300美元。从而选择第四项。故选D |
核心考点
试题【 On May 2, 2012, Ashok Gadgil became the winner of the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Awa】；主要考察你对
人物故事类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. He telephoned the vet. “What’s the problem?” The vet asked him when he arrived. “My cow’s ill,” the farmer said. “I don’t know what’s the matter with her. She’s lying down and won’t eat. She’s making a strange noise.” The vet looked over the cow. “She’s certainly ill,” he said, “and she needs to take some very strong medicine.”
He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, “Give her these. The pills should make her better.” “How should I give them to her?” the farmer asked.
The vet gave him a tube (管子)and said, “Put this tube in her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. That’ll make it.”
The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried.
“How’s your cow?” the vet asked.
“No change,” the farmer said, “and I’m feeling very strange myself.”
“Oh?” the vet said, “Why?”
“I did what you said,” the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cow’s mouth and then put two pills down it.”
“And?” the vet asked.
“The cow blew first,” the farmer said.
小题1: In the story, the vet must be _________.| A．the farmer’s friend | B．a milk factory | | C．a hospital for cows | D．a doctor for animals |
小题2:The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _______| A．couldn’t lie down | B．didn’t eat the pills | | C．couldn’t make any noise | D．was ill |
小题3:What medicine did the vet give the farmer?| A．Bottle of pills. | B．A long tube. | | C．Two pills. | D．A small box. |
小题4:The vet taught the farmer how _________.| A．to blow the tube | B．to make the cow take the pills | | C．to take the medicine | D．to put the tube in his mouth |
小题5:Which of the following is true?| A．The farmer ate the pills himself. | | B．The cow got better after taking the medicine. | | C．The vet came to help farmer change the cow the next day. | | D．The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day. |
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On a trip to California, my family stopped for lunch. As we walked towards the entrance to the restaurant, a man, with a messy beard and _____ hair, jumped up from a bench outside the restaurant and opened the door for us. Paying no attention to his ______, he greeted us in a friendly way.
Once inside, my daughters said in a low voice, “Mom, he _______.” After we ordered our lunch, I explained, telling the the kids to look beyond the dirt. We then watched other _____ come into the restaurant but many took no notice of him. Seeing this rudeness truly ______me. The day I became a mother, I had determined to set a good example to my children. Yet sometimes being a good example was _______, especially when things didn’t go right. After our meal arrived, I realized I had left my car-sick pills in the car, so I went back to the car to get them.
Just then, the “doorman”was opening the door for a couple. They ______ him without even noticing his presence. Letting them in first, I said a loud “thank you” to ______ as I went out.
When I returned, we talked a bit. He said he was not allowed inside _____ he bought food. I went back and asked our waitress to ______ one soup and sandwich. The kids looked puzzed as they had already eaten. But when I told them his story and said the _____ was for the “doorman”, they smiled. When it was time to continue our ______, I found the “doorman” enjoying his meal. Upon seeing me, he stood up and thanked me heartily with tears in his eyes.
Back in the car, I fell into deep thought. While we can’t choose many things in life, we can choose _____ to show gratitude. I said thanks to a man who had _____held open a door for me, and also said thanks for that opportunity to teach my children by _______.
| 小题1: | | A．dirty | B．clean | C．pretty | D．shiny |
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| 小题2: | | A．appearance | B．happiness | C．illness | D．carelessness |
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| 小题3: | | A．smokes | B．shouts | C．smells | D．smiles |
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| 小题4: | | A．travelers | B．visitors | C．passengers | D．customers |
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| 小题5: | | A．taught | B．upset | C．troubled | D．surprised |
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| 小题6: | | A．tiring | B．amazing | C．difficult | D．successful |
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| 小题7: | | A．waited for | B．rushed past | C．stopped by | D．returned to |
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| 小题8: | | A．him | B．them | C．myself | D．themselves |
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| 小题9: | | A．before | B．since | C．though | D．unless |
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| 小题11: | | A．order | B．money | C．note | D．service |
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| 小题12: | | A．meal | B．talk | C．trip | D．story |
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| 小题14: | | A．actually | B．truly | C．really | D．simply |
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| 小题15: | | A．journey | B．example | C．lesson | D．experience |
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Every day, it is easy to see advertisements in English all around us. Look at your own bags and clothes of your classmates. How many different advertisements can you see which use English words? Often, bags and clothes show the name of company that made them. This is a popular form. A special picture or symbol (标志) called a logo is sometimes used. Logos appear on many different products. They are popular because when you see a logo, it helps you to remember that product or company. It is common to see advertisements on TV and hear them on the radio. Most advertisements are very short. Sometimes the advertisers use a short sentence and it is easy for people to say. Nike, for example, has a simple English sentence which is used all around the world: “Just do it.” Advertisements often use funny situations as well. It is simple to remember it. All advertisements are designed to make people buy a product. An advertisement for a soft drink, for example, might show a group of young people who are having fun. The young people are all drinking the soft drink. Advertisements are saying to you, “Why don’t you buy this drink and be like these people? You can be young and modern.” You might think that advertisements are not for you, but the next time you buy a soft drink, ask yourself this question: Why am I buying this particular product?
小题1: From the passage, we know that _______.| A．all advertisements around us are written in English | | B．many bags have the name of the company that made them | | C．having soft drinks makes a person young and modern | | D．advertisements are only for young people |
小题2: All advertisements are designed to _______.| A．sell you something you don’t want | B．make you young and modern | | C．make you buy the product | D．show you what you need to buy |
小题3: The best title of this passage is .| A．advertisements all around us | | B．all kinds of advertisements | | C．to make people buy a product | | D．advertisements often use funny situations |
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Have you ever had a science class that you look forward to? It doesn’t happen often. But when you have a teacher like Mrs. Rheineck, it’s more than a science class. It’s a science class where learning is easy and fun. There is no getting down to a huge textbook or listening to a teacher about something you don’t care about.
My experience with Mrs. Rheineck didn’t start with science class, but with her as my tutor（导师，家庭教师）. I was always a weak reader and wasn’t getting any better. My parents told me I needed to be tutored.
One day after school, I went into the library with my mom for my first tutoring time. I had no idea who was tutoring me. My mom practically had to pull me into the library. The first thing we did was to play a game to get to know each other and get rid of the awkwardness (笨拙，尴尬). We didn’t even play a reading game.
We also went around the library and I got to pick out a book I wanted to read. She didn’t make me read a boring textbook about something I didn’t care about. I didn’t even pick a book. I picked out a magazine about remote control cars. I thought to myself, how bad could it be? I got to read about remote control cars. She told me even though I was reading a magazine, I was still reading. After the first magazine, she picked out a book she liked. I would read a chapter(章) and then she would read a chapter to me, this way I didn’t have to read for long periods of time.
As I got better and faster at reading, I was able to read two chapters in the same amount of time, which used to take me to read one chapter.
Reading is one of the most important things in high school and college to be successful. If it wasn’t for her, I would not be the reader I am today and I thank her for that.
小题1:Why was the writer tutored by Mrs. Rheineck?| A．Because the writer was too shy to talk with others. | | B．Because the writer found science easy and fun. | | C．Because the writer liked her science class. | | D．Because the writer couldn’t read books quickly. |
小题2: It can be inferred from the third paragraph that __________.| A．the writer went to the library to play a game | | B．the writer was unhappy to be tutored | | C．the writer knew Mrs. Rheineck very well | | D．the writer was awkward to read in the library |
小题3:At the library, the writer __________.| A．chose any book he was interested in | | B．played a reading game with Mrs. Rheineck | | C．was asked to read one chapter after another | | D．had to read textbooks rather than magazines |
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It was 3:43. Thunder was crashing and the rain was pouring. Suddenly my father rushed into my room. “Adam! Adam! Get up! We’re flooding!” he shouted and shook me by the shoulders. That woke up! I ran downstairs to the basement. It was like a swimming pool. My mother and I immediately started to pick up things and take them upstairs. I had no on, so my feet were quite freezing.
Things got worse every minute. Within the next hour, we had moved everything that we could to the first floor. The computer, big-screen television and heavy boxes with our most valuable things were taken to safety. , our piano, sofa, washing machine and water heater were all still down there—being . There was nothing we could do.
That was the hardest part. Knowing that your home is being destroyed is bad enough, but that you can’t do anything to stop it feels even worse.
Water had come in our front door. Rescue were floating in our streets. Mother told me to pack an overnight bag of clothes and valuables and get ready to leave.
When it was safe to walk outside, all the people in the neighborhood at the street corner. People became friends, and friends became like family. People each other. We learned later that the National Weather Service had declared the storm a flash flood.
I really have something from this flood. I’ve learned what destruction is. I have learned what means. I know in the future, when I watch people’ s lives affected by natural disasters, I can understand them. I will show great pity on them and I will do what I can to help them.
小题1: 小题2: | A．hat | B．shoes | C．jacket | D．glasses |
小题3: | A．covered | B．crowded | C．filled | D．fixed |
小题4: | A．So | B．And | C．Because | D．However |
| 小题5: | | A．discovered | B．arranged | C．measured | D．destroyed |
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| 小题6: | | A．realizing | B．knowing | C．telling | D．writing |
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| 小题7: | | A．ships | B．boats | C．cars | D．buses |
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| 小题8: | | A．finally | B．usually | C．exactly | D．certainly |
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| 小题9: | | A．stood | B．walked | C．gathered | D．met |
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| 小题10: | | A．comforted | B．influenced | C．believed | D．worried |
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小题11: | A．learned | B．discovered | C．thought | D．concluded |
小题12: | A．truth | B．safety | C．value | D．regret |
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