题目

题型：同步题难度：来源：

读下面材料，讨论回答下列问题：
（1）材料反映了当时什么政策？清朝为什么实行这样的政策？                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       （2）这种政策对社会发展有什么影响？应怎样认识它？                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

答案

（1）材料反映了当时清政府实行的“闭关锁国”政策。所以实行这种政策，一方面是由于清初自给自足的封建经济稳定，他们认为天朝物产丰富，无所不有，无需同外国进行经济交流；另一方面当时西方的殖民者正向东方扩展势力，清统治者担心国家的领土主权受到外国侵略，又害怕沿海人民同外国人交往，会危及自己的统治。
（2）闭关政策的实行，是对西方殖民者的侵略活动起过一定的自卫作用。但中国失掉了对外贸易的主动权，阻碍了手工业的进步和发展。同时，由于与世界隔绝，清政府看不到世界形势的发展变化，不同外国进行科学知识和生产技术的交流。中国逐渐在世界上落伍了。闭关政策是一种消极政策，***提出的对外开放政策才是一种积极进步政策，中国只有实行对外开放，才能发展，才能进步，才能超越世界先进的国家。