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情态动词

情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变

  带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化,这些词如“can, could; will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need(需要);have to(不得不);be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如:

  主动:We must keep this inmind.

  被动:This must be kept inmind.

  我们必须把这个记在心里。

  主动:We can put the refrigerator in that place.

  被动:The refrigerator can be put in that place.

  我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。

  主动:We shall not use the washing machine again.

  被动:The washing machine will not be used again.

  我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。 原来的谓语“shall use”被动态中随新主语变为“will”。

  主动:We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.

  被动:More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (“shall”变“will”)

  我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。

  I ought to be criticized for it. 我应该为此受到批评。

  All this has to be solved with great care. 这一切得认真解决。

  The lobby is going to be rebuilt. 门厅将被重建。

  The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow. 展览会将在明日开放。

  “may”加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示“可能”,主要用于肯定句,决不能用在疑问句中。而“can”与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示“可能”,只用于否定句和疑问句,不用于肯定句。但如果“can”或“may”的过去式即“could”与“might”与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时,可用于各种结构。肯、否、陈、疑,均可。

  It can't have been lost in the post, can it?

  它不可能是在邮局丢失的吧:(反意疑问句)

  否定助后加“not”,疑问一助置主前。

  在否定句的被动态中,否定副词“not”一定加在第一助动词之后,不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中,第一助动词置于主语之前。

  例:Why has(一助)not anything been(二助)done to end the strike?

  “not”必须放在第一助动词“has”之后,第一助动词“has”必须放在主语“anything”之前。决不可写成: why has not been anything done toendthe strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?

  为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢?

  The exercise will not be done in class.

  不可写成:The exercise will be not done in class.

  我们将不在课堂上作练习。

  In what other way could(一助)information about Mars be(二助)obtained?

  用什么别的途径能获得火星的资料呢?

  Why had he been imprisoned?

  他为什么入狱?

  Need she be told about it?

  需要告诉他吗?

  主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前

  凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由疑问词来修饰主语时,后面要用陈述语序。

  例:What(主语)could be dropped from a satellite?

  什么东西会被从卫星上扔下?

  What measures(主语)are being taken to develop this new science?(主语为疑问词“what”所修饰)

  什么措施正在被采取以发展这门新的科技?

  What kind of device(主语)is needed to make the control system simple?(主语为疑问词所修饰)

  需要什么装置来使控制系统简化?

  What has been done to improve the techniques?

  什么措施已经被采取以改进这些技术?(“what”是句子的主语)

  应指出的是有的学生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行变成被动了,殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关于不及物动词、反身代词动词、同源宾语动词、系词、感官使役动词、短语动词的被动态。

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