题目

deductive arguments 和 inductive arguments 的区分
为什么—All humans have hearts,—I am a human,—Therefore I must have a heart.是inductive argument?
无法理解啊,解释上说—This is an inductive argument.Scientific claims are never completely certain.They are always open to refutation if an observation is made thatcontradicts them,i.e.we find a human who does not have a heart.
但是我觉得照这个解释来看应该是 deductive invaild

提问时间：2021-03-18

答案

用中文解释一遍~Deductive reasoning是:如果前提/条件为真,则结论必然为真
而inductive reasoning
是基於对反覆再现的现象的模式(pattern)的有限观察,公式表达规律.
上方的agrument中,All humans have hearts是一个观察得出的现象模式(pattern),且agrument 中没有立下任何前提条件~
事实陈述:I am a human.
因此,根据规律推出~I must have a heart.是inductive reasoning.