题目

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The word empathy (认同) is so commonly used nowadays.But what is empathy?The origin of the word empathy (1) back to the 1880s,when a German psychologist (2) the term meaning "in-feeling" to describe the emotional (3) of another's feelings.Empathy has further been described as the (4) of understanding a person's (5) experience by vicariously (间接地) sharing that experience while (6) an observant position.Even more simply stated,empathy is the ability to "put oneself in another's shoes" and for physicians,empathy (7) understanding of the patient beyond the history and symptoms to include (8),ideas,and feelings.
However,we may propose a subtle but important distinction between empathy and sympathy.(9),sympathy can be burdensome and harmful,even leading to burnout.Sympathy implies feelings shared with the sufferer as if the pain belonged to both persons:(10).It would stand to reason,therefore,that completely shared suffering can never exist between a physician and a patient; otherwise,the physician would share the patient's plight and would therefore be unable to help.(11).By being a participant-observer,we come to understand how the other person feels.

提问时间：2021-03-14

答案

The word empathy (认同) is so commonly used nowadays.But what is empathy?The origin of the word empathy (1) [dates] back to the 1880s,when a German psychologist (2)[coined] the term meaning "in-feeling" to describe the emotional (3) [appreciation] of another's feelings.Empathy has further been described as the (4) [process] of understanding a person's (5) [subjective] experience by vicariously (间接地) sharing that experience while (6) [maintaining] an observant position.Even more simply stated,empathy is the ability to "put oneself in another's shoes" and for physicians,empathy (7) [expands] understanding of the patient beyond the history and symptoms to include (8)——,ideas,and feelings.
However,we may propose a subtle but important distinction between empathy and sympathy.(9)[Whereas empathy is used by skilled clinicians to enhance communication and delivery of care],sympathy can be burdensome and harmful,even leading to burnout.Sympathy implies feelings shared with the sufferer as if the pain belonged to both persons:(10)[We sympathize with other human beings when we share and suffer with them].It would stand to reason,therefore,that completely shared suffering can never exist between a physician and a patient; otherwise,the physician would share the patient's plight and would therefore be unable to help.(11)[ In empathy,we "borrow" another's feelings to observe,feel,and understand them--but not to take them onto ourselves].By being a participant-observer,we come to understand how the other person feels.