题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and to begin to change a given behavior “today.” Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high . In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing it was they thought they shouldn"t be doing.
After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not if they start with the change itself. , they believe that we must a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that what you do, you must decide which behavior-change technique will work best for you.
According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most problems and related behaviors arise from irrational (不理性的) statements that people make to when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose alter doing on an exam, you say to yourself, “I can"t believe I failed that easy exam, I’m so stupid.” By changing this irrational “catastrophic” self-talk into rational, statements about what is really going on, you can increase the that positive behaviors will occur.
Positive self-talk might be as follows: “I really didn’t study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next .”
Such self-talk will help you to recover quickly from and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:B
小题5:C
小题6:D
小题7:A
小题8:C
小题9:C
小题10:D
小题11:B
小题12:A
小题13:D
小题14:A
小题15:A
小题16:D
小题17:B
小题18:B
小题19:C
小题20:C
解析
试题分析：文章通过马克吐温的一句名言，引出话题“如何改变不良习惯”，我们应该逐渐的确定改变的目标，也不要通过不理性的自说自话来改变，而是积极的采取措施，用理性的说法让自己不要失望。
小题1:考查动词辨析：A. decline下降，B. remain仍然，C. disappear消失，D. improve提高，从上文的：but coaxed (劝诱)downstairs a step at a time.”可知当你逐渐改变的时候成功的改变负面的行为的机会会增加。选D
小题2:考查动词辨析： A. substitute替换，B. cancel取消，C. find 发现，D. ignore忽视，让你将负面的行为换成积极的行为，选A
小题3:考查动词辨析： A. refuse拒绝，B. determine 决定，C. hesitate犹豫，D. advocate提倡，促进，每天很多人起床的时候，都会决定今天开始改变一种行为。选B
小题4:考查形容词辨析：A. more更多，B. better更好，C. worse更坏，D. less更少，更好的管理时间，选B
小题5:考查名词辨析：A. values价值，B. requirements要求，C. expectations期待，D. levels水平，从下文的：In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail可知一开始我们有很高的期望值，选C
小题6:考查连词辨析：A. whichever无论哪个，B. however无论怎样，C. wherever无论何时，D. whatever无论什么，大部分人失败了，很快开始做他们认为不应该做的事情。Whatever引导的是宾语从句，选D
小题7:考查动词辨析：A. succeed成功，B. fail失败，C. exist 存在，D. fade褪色，一些研究人员相信行为改变通常不会成功，如果以改变本身开始。选A
小题8:考查副词辨析：A. Nevertheless然而，B. Otherwise否则，C. Instead代替，D. Moreover还有，相反的，他们相信我们必须经历一系列阶段来让自己为最后的改变做好充分准备，选C
小题9:考查动词短语辨析：A. look through浏览，B. break through突破，C. go through经历，D. pull through恢复，度过难关，经历一系列阶段，选C
小题10:考查形容词辨析：A. initial最初的，B. temporary暂时的，C. instant即刻的，D. eventual最后的，从上文的;if they start with the change itself.可知这里指最后的改变，选D
小题11:考查动词辨析： A. involve涉及，B. influence影响，C. explain解释，D. adjust调整，一旦你分析了所有影响你做的事情的因素，你就要决定哪种改变行为的策略是最适合你的，选B
小题12:考查形容词辨析：A. emotional情感的，B. physical身体的吗，C. technical技术的，D. professional专业的，根据According to the psychologist Albert Ellis,可知大部分情感问题和相关的行为由他们对自己说的不理性的说法引起，选A
小题13:考查代词辨析：A. all所有的，B. others其他的，C. someone有人，D. themselves他们自己，从下文的;you say to yourself,可知这些说法是自己对自己说的，使用make a statement to oneself，选D
小题14:考查副词辨析：A. poorly穷地，差，B. carefully仔细地，C. completely完全地，D. slowly慢地，从下文的：“I can"t believe I failed that easy exam, I’m so stupid.”可知是想改变考试考的差，选A
小题15:考查形容词辨析：A. positive积极地，B. ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的，荒唐的，C. negative负面的， D. explicit明确的，清楚的，通过改变这种不理性的自说自话成为关于事情真正发展的理性的积极的说法，选A。
小题16:考查名词辨析：A. danger危险，B. awareness意识，C. amount 数量，D. probability可能，你会增加积极行为发生的可能性。选D
小题17:考查动词辨析：A. written 写，B. phrased叙述，措词，C. listed列出，D. captioned给（图片、照片等）加说明文字，积极的自说自话应该是向这样叙述。选B
小题18:考查名词辨析：A. research研究，B. test检测，考试，C. talk谈话，D. problem问题，这次考试我没有好好学习，我要为下一次考试做好准备，选B
小题19:考查名词辨析： A. tiredness疲劳，B. habits 习惯，C. disappointment失望，D. burdens负担，这样的自说自话会让你很快从失望中恢复。选C
小题20:考查动词辨析：A. recalling回顾，B. starting开始，C. blocking堵塞，D. holding持久，和stopping并列用blocking，一些其他的技巧如有目的的阻止或停止负面的想法，拒绝沉湎于负面的想象能省的你浪费精力，时间和情感源泉，继续积极的改变。选C
核心考点
试题【Mark Twain said that “habit is habit, and not to be flung(扔) out the window by a】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
One afternoon,many years ago，I went to pick up my mother from work.I got there a little early so I_______ the car by the roadside and waited for her.
As I looked _______ the car window,there was a small park where I saw a little boy,around one and a half to two years old, _______freely on the grass as his mother watched from a short_______.The boy had a big smile on his face_______ he had just been set free from a ______.The boy would then fall to the grass,get up,and without_______ or without looking back at his mother,run as fast as he could,again ,still with a ______ on his face,as if nothing had happened.
Kids,when they fall down,they don’t consider their falling down as a failure,but _______, they treat it as a learning experience.They feel compelled to try and try again until they_______.
Not only was I impressed by the boy’s courage, but I was _____ touched by the manner in which he ran.With each attempt,he looked so_______,so natural, without signs of fear,nervousness,or of being disappointed.His only _____ was to run freely and to do it effectively as he could.He was just being a ______,just being himself.He was not looking for_____ or worrying about whether ________ was watching.He wasn’t concerned about being judged.He didn’t seem to be bothered by the fact that maybe someone would see him ______and that it would be ______ if he did fall.No,all that______ to him was to accomplish the task of activity at hand to the best of his ability, feeling the experience of running fully and freely.
I learned a lot from that observation and ______, and have successfully brought that lesson with me in life.
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The love for beautiful clothes has been planted in my heart the day when I was born to be a woman. Several years ago I read an article in a magazine. The article stated that when a woman is at her best time, she is usually poor or tasteless, so she can’t get the right clothes; when she can afford to buy the clothes she likes, she often finds that they do not suit her anymore.
On the way home, I was quite disturbed by such thoughts. It was just a pity, like many other pities. I thought to myself this way. But when I was about to enter the building where I was living, I saw the big mirror placed in the entrance. I saw a girl in it who was in cheap but cleanly washed sweater and jeans. She was rather young, healthy and energetic. For quite a while I was touched by what I had seen in the mirror.
Then I almost forgot the tale: A person without shoes cried until he saw a man without feet. Being young without good clothes is like the person without shoes. I should have felt grateful that I haven’t lost my feet.
小题1:How did the author feel when she decided not to buy the skirt?
| A．Embarrassed. | B．Wise. | C．Regretful. | D．Relieved. |
| A．the author’s friend | B．a stranger |
| C．the author’s roommate | D．the author |
| A．She came to realize what she really possessed. |
| B．She was reminded of her devotion to beauty. |
| C．She didn’t feel at ease when looking into a mirror. |
| D．She never thought over the other side of a person. |
| A．funny | B．natural | C．silly | D．simple |
When I was a law professor, a student reported that I made an error in grading his exam by giving him too many points. He was and after thanking him for his honesty, I changed the in my records. His beaming (欢笑的) face turned to “You’re lowering my grade?” he said angrily. “I would never have come in ……”
He didn’t finish the but it was obvious that his display of honesty was false. He thought he’d have it all—praise and the grade.
Several colleagues thought I should have let the higher grade stand all I’d accomplished was to discourage him from being in the future. And every time I tell this , some people agree with this remark.
But I can’t see how I could give good for worsening my mistake in grading by undermining (损害) the honesty of all my grades by failing to an error. The grade itself would be a dishonest reflection of his and it would have been to other students. How could I possibly give a a gift of an unearned grade?
I know voluntarily reporting an error in one’s favor is , but, like extra change, it’s the thing to do. People with real honesty, hate to give up benefits as mush as anyone else. The difference is that for them a good conscience and reputation is reward enough to give reason for the cost of doing the right thing.
Perhaps the student’s grade did discourage him from being honest in the future, but bribing (贿赂) him to be honest so that he does the right thing when it’s cost-free would have him even more. The duty to be honest is right and wrong, not risks and rewards.
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As he was walking back he saw Grandma"s pet duck． Just out of impulse （冲动）, he let fly, hit the duck square in the head, and killed it． He was shocked and felt very sorry．In a panic, he hid the duck in the wood pile, only to see his sister ．Sally had seen it all, but she said nothing．
After lunch that day grandma said, “Sally, let’s wash the dishes．” But Sally said, “Grandma, Johnny told me he wanted to help in the today, didn"t you, Johnny?" And then she whispered to him, “Remember, the duck?"
So Johnny the dishes． Later Grandpa asked if the children wanted to go fishing, and said, " I’m sorry but I need Sally to help make ．" But Sally and said, “Well, that"s all right because Johnny told me he wanted to help," and she whispered ,“Remember, the duck?" So Sally went fishing and Johnny ．
After several days of Johnny doing his various small tasks and Sally"s, he ．couldn"t stand it any longer．He came to Grandma and that he killed the duck．She bent down, gave him a , and said, “Sweetheart, ． You see, I was standing at the window and I saw the thing． But because I love you, I forgave you． But I was just wondering how you would let Sally make a slave you．"
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The busiest woman in Labrador during one bitter cold Christmas not very long ago, was an Australian nurse by the naI11e of Kate Austen． But Nurse Austen was not too busy to acknowledge with a long, friendly letter every gift of food or clothing received for distribution to the natives in that cold and poor district of the north． Among the gifts was a box of knittings for children, knitted（编织）and sent by a woman in Toronto．
Nurse Austen was busy, exhausted and not feeling too well that winter．She could have written just ordinary routine notes of acknowledgement． But that was not her way． She sat down and wrote the woman in Toronto a real letter telling all about the village, and the names of the children who were wearing the knitted gloves and caps, and what they said -when they got them, and how they looked when they wore them．She wanted the woman who had knitted and sent all those lovely knittings "to see how much happiness and warmth she had created．" Not long after, she received the following answer from Canada．
Dear Miss Austen:
Your letter made me happy． I did not expect such a full return． I am eighty years old, and I am blind． There is little I can do except knit, and that is why I knit so many caps and sweaters and scarves．Of course I cannot write this, so my daughter-in-law is doing it for me．She also sewed the seams and made the buttonholes for the knitted things．
I know something of the work you are doing． At the age of nineteen I married a man who was going to China to be a missionary(传教士）． For forty years, with an occasional year at home in America, we Worked in China, and during that time our two sons and a daughter were born to us, of whom only one son survives．After forty years, my husband"s health began to fail． We returned to the States where he took charge of a settlement house in Brooklyn, New York． A surprising number of the problems we faced there were similar to the problems we had met in China．When my husband died, I came to Toronto to live with my son and daughter-in-law． They are very good to me, and I pride myself that I am little trouble to them, though it is hard for a blind old lady to be sure of anything．
What I most want to say, my dear, is this． For sixty years I have been making up missionary packages of such clothing or food or medicine or books as I could collect． In various parts of the world and to various parts of the world I have sent them．Sometimes I have received a printed note of acknowledgement from the headquarters depot or mission board, sometimes nothing．Occasionally I :have been informed that my contribution was planned for Syria or Armenia or the upper Yangtze． But never before in all that time have l had a personal letter picturing the village and telling me who is wearing the clothing and what they said．I did not suppose that ever in my lifetime I should receive a letter like that．
May God bless you．
Sincerely yours,
小题1:The underlined word “sentiment”（in Paragraph l） most probably means“ ”?
| A．view point | B．gentle feeling |
| C．way of thinking | D．expression of attitude |
| A．she would not just write an ordinary letter of thanks |
| B．she was too busy to write a note of acknowledgement |
| C．she was not busy, exhaustec3 0r feeling too well that time |
| D．she wrote a letter telling all about the village and the children |
| A．the letter was* from an Australian nurse |
| B．she was already eighty years old and blind |
| C．she had never received a letter like that |
| D．the letter was not supposed to reach her |
| A．China | B．Australia | C．Canada | D．the States |
| A．Toronto and New York only | B．Syria and Armenia once |
| C．the upper Yangtze area alone | D．many places of the world |
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