Psychology (心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their
patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern
therapy (疗法) seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken
machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in
which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does
not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.
The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient"s body physically. The body of the patient changes
because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease.
Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient"s
physical problems, but the patient"s mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one
doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically
feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family,
friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor"s treatment
must help the patient change that. Simonton"s method emphasizes treatment of the"whole" patient.
The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive.
The physician who is following Simonton"s psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that
he or she can see the tumor (肿瘤) in the body. In the mental picture, the patient"sees" a powerful beam of
radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing
them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the
stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army
fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells.
Both the medical therapy and the patient"s positive attitude fight the disease.
Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some
patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the
power within their own minds to help stop the disease. Another application of using the mind to help cure
disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The
patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or
rather in a trance (催眠状态). Then the physician makes"a suggestion" to the patient about the medical
problem. The patient"s mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In
this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment. Doctors have learned that this use
of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help
adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her
illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to
stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic(慢性的) diseases. Asthma (哮喘) is
an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing.
The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can
help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.
Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond
quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with
121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent
results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were
also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as
strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change
habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.
Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has
important applications in medicine.
B. How modern therapy focuses on the disease.
C. Responses from the medical world.
D. How to use the mind against disease.
B. The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient"s problems.
C. The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.
D. The patient uses his mind to cure himself.
B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.
C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.
D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.
B. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells
C. the patients" attitudes towards themselves have changed
D. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them
B. help the patients with chronic diseases
C. help change some bad habits
D. help cure patients of insomnia(失眠症) .
B. The effectiveness of suggestion therapy.
C. The working principle of suggestion therapy.
D. The importance of psychology in medical treatment
is taken. They used electronic ways to track the movement of the powerful fish from the Gulf of Mexico
to the Mediterranean, and report today in the journal Nature that meals of sushi and sandwiches with tuna
worldwide are more dangerous than anyone has imagined.
The bluefin tuna can live for 30 years, grow to three metres in length and weigh as much as 700kg. A
good one can fetch as much as ￡ 52,000 in the Tokyo fish markets."In my lifetime, we"ve brought this
big fish to the doorstep of death in the western Atlantic Ocean," said Barbara Block of Stanford University
in California."The electronic way of tracks provides the best scientific information we"ve ever had to
manage these tuna and we must, as an international community, start to act actively to make sure of the
future of this fish."
Scientists have repeatedly said that the harvest of the seas cannot be as good as before. There are fewer
and fewer fish in around Newfoundland, North Sea and Iceland, so fishermen have pushed further offshore
in search of deep ocean fish. Tuna-in the Mediterranean and Japan-have been under increasing pressure for
years. The International Commission on the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna has tried to manage the fish since
1969.There are two populations: a western one that has dropped by 80% in the past 30 years, and a larger,
eastern population. Although catches are controlled by 3,000 tons a year in the western fishery, and 32,000
in the east, no one knew whether the limits worked.
So Professor Block and her team placed tracks on hundreds of the fish and tracked them to depths of
more than 900 metres and on journeys of thousands of miles, measuring the movement, body and water
temperatures. "There are two ways to save the Atlantic bluefin tuna-protect them in their production grounds
and in their feeding grounds," Prof. Block said. "This will need immediate action in both the central Atlantic,
to reduce the loss of the big fish while hunting, and in the Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean, where tuna
produce as separate populations."
B. in the Pacific
C. in the Gulf of Mexico
D. in the Mediterranean
B. The number of the bluefin tuna in the sea is getting smaller and smaller.
C. Scientists are worried about the future of the tuna.
D. Scientists think that the harvest of the seas will remain good.
B. call for action to save the bluefin tuna
C. warn people not to eat tuna sandwiches anymore
D. help scientists to find a new way to save the bluefin tuna
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
heart. 1 . Whether it is a structured exercise program or just part of your daily routine, all exercise adds
up to having a healthier heart. Here are some tips for exercise success.
☆ Choose activities that are fun and add variety. Develop several activities that you can enjoy. 2
☆ Wear comfortable, properly fitted shoes and comfortable, loose-fitting clothing appropriate for the
weather and the activity.
☆ Find a convenient time and place to do activities. 3 . If you miss an exercise opportunity, work
activity into your day another way.
☆ Use music to keep yourself entertained.
☆ 4 Decide what kind of support you need. Do you want them to remind you to exercise? Exercise
with you regularly or occasionally? Be understanding when you get up early to exercise?Spend time with the
children while you exercise? Try not to ask you to change your exercise routine? Share your activity time
with others. Ask your family members, friends or co-workers for help.
☆ Don"t overdo it, especially at first. You can slowly increase the time and intensity (强度) of your
activities as you become more fit. 5
☆ Keep a record of your activities. Reward yourself at times. Nothing will inspire you more than success!
B. They all cause you to feel warm and breathe heavily without being out of breath.
C. Be an active role model for your children.
D. That way, exercise will never seem boring.
E. If you are overweight or have a high risk of heart disease, see your doctor for medical advice
before exercising.
F. Surround yourself with supportive people.
G. Gradually, work up to exercising on most days of the week for 30-60 minutes.
Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye (颜料) broke, there has been
confusion over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection
whatever.
Sudan 1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products
across the European Union (EU) in July 2003. Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving
to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled. Last week Sudan"s
Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the
dye"s name.
Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan"s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the
inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye.
"We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said."Our embassy
to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country.
But they told us there was no relationship."
The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy
last week.
"They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she
said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any
explanation before we find out."
Sudan dyes, which include Sudan 1 to 4, are red dyes used for colouring solvents (溶剂), oils, waxes,
petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for
Research on Cancer.
B. Having side effect.
C. Containing poison.
D. Poisonous.
B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.
C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.
D. Many foods produced in Sudan contain the dye.
B. Sudan 1 is often used to be added to the food
C. people didn"t realize the danger of Sudan 1 until 2003
D. many food shops will be closed down
B. No Sudan 1 dye links to the country
C. How Sudan 1 dye got its name?
D. Pay attention to the food safety
More than that, though, he has also interfered (干涉) with the invisible bonds between the living things in
the forests. There are many examples of this kind of destruction. The harmfulness of man"s interference
can be seen in what happened many years ago in the forest of the Kaibab plateau (凯亚巴布高原) of
northern Arizona. Man tried to improve on the natural web of forest life and destroyed it instead.
The Kaibab had a storybook forest of large sized pine, Douglas fir, white fir, blue and Engelmann spruce.
In 1882 a visitor noted,"We, who... have wandered through its forests and parks, have come to regard it as
the most enchanting region it has ever been our privilege (特权) to visit." This was also the living place of the
Rocky Mountain mule deer. Indians hunted there every autumn to gather meat and skins. The forest also had
mountain lions, timber wolves and bobcats that kept the deer from multiplying too rapidly.
Then, in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve. Deer hunting was
forbidden. Government hunters started killing off the deer"s enemies. In 25 years" time, 6,250 mountain lions,
wolves and bobcats were killed. Before the program, there were about 4,000 deer in the Kaibab, by 1924,
there were about 100,000.
The deer ate every leaf and twig they could reach. But there was not nearly enough food. Hunting of deer
was permitted again. This caused a slight decrease in the deer herd (鹿群),but a far greater loss resulted from
starvation (饥饿) and disease. Some 60 percent of the deer herd died in two winters. By 1930 the herd had
dropped to 20,000 animals. By 1942 it was down to 8,000.
B. interfering with natural cycle of forest life
C. forest fires caused by man"s carelessness
D. cutting the trees for building materials
B. an animal
C. a mountain
D. a game
B. 6
C. 18
D. 12
B. the organized kill
C. the shortage of food
D. the poor management
for themselves and their family significantly more than men, research has found. The study, by independent
research company Datamonitor, says that for this reason health sites should make greater efforts to appeal
to women by covering their health concerns.
The researchers, who quizzed 4,531 adults across France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the US,
found that websites have become just as important as some off-line sources of health information. Fifty-seven
percent of those who looked for health information in the past 12 months consulted Internet sources.
Report author Yvonne MacPherson said,"A distinct advantage of the Internet as a source of health
information is that information is easily accessible and can be read in private and at the leisure of the Internet
user." "Good health sites are not meant to replace interaction with a physician. Rather, they help patients
prepare for appointments and take more responsibility for their health." He added.
Currently, 32-34% of adults aged 18 to 54 used the Internet to search for health information. This number
decreases to 27% in the 55 to 64 age group, and further to 14% in the 65 and over age group. Young Internet
users often conduct online health research on behalf of older family members who do not use the Internet.
However, Datamonitor says that the audience for health information online will grow naturally as the
population ages, and more and more people grow up with the net. It recommends that website operators
focus their efforts on building a good long-term relationship with their existing consumers, rather than on
attempting to attract non-Internet users.
A. The popularity of health websites.
B. The importance of health advice.
C. The advantage of the Internet sources.
D. The increase of people"s health concerns.
B. convenient
C. accurate
D. abundant
B. A good health site should be able to replace interaction with a doctor.
C. The old tend to make less use of the Internet for health information.
D. The young may be the potential audience of health information online.
- 1阅读下列材料材料一：公元前209年，有900多贫苦农民，被征发到渔阳戍守边境，他们走到蕲县时，遇上大雨，道路被冲毁，不能
- 2---____ is Peter? --- He_____ fine.A．How, areB．What, isC．
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- 4_______ size and population, how big is the European Union _
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- 9—May I open the window to let in some fresh air?—___________
- 10（11分）淑平同学在我市某食品厂生产的盒装饼干中，发现盒内有一小包东西，其上标有“干燥剂”、“主要成分是生石灰”、“请勿
- 1把500 有和的混合溶液分成5等份，取一份加入含 硫酸钠的溶液，恰好使钡离子完全沉淀；另取一份加入含硝酸银的溶液，恰好使
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- 3一个空间几何体的主视图和左视图都是边长为30cm的正三角形，俯视图是一个圆，那么这个几何体的侧面积是（ ）A．250π
- 4下列各式中，正确的写法为（ ）A．{0}∈{1，2，3}B．∅⊆{0}C．0∈∅D．0∩∅=∅
- 5已知幂函数的图象过（4，2）点，则A．B．C．D．
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