题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (坏血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The men´s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors´ diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors.
Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza.
The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting (斋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.
51. Scurvy is a disease that is provoked by ____
A. salted meat and biscuits B. exhaustion
C. want of some essential substances D. lack of fresh vegetables and fruits
52. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “warded off” could probably be replaced by____.
A. got rid of B. killed C. avoided D. cleared away
53. To avoid such disease as scurvy, it´s better for us ____.
A. not to eat much salted meat
B. to supplement our diet with various vitamin pills
C. to have more fresh fruit and vegetables
D. to develop a good dietary habit
54. Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough ____.
A. vitamin pills are of no avail
B. nutritious food might be unhealthy
C. vegetable leaves can be a good remedy
D. religious fasting may help out a lot
55. Which of the following sentences best expresses the central ideal of the passage?
A. Deficiencies of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases.
B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body.
C. Vitamins play a vitally important role in people´s health.
D. A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.
答案
小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:C
解析
核心考点
试题【 In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on sa】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
When thinking about quitting…
List all the reasons why you want to quit. Every night before going to bed, repeat one of the reasons 10 times. Decide surely that you want to quit. Try to avoid negative（消极的）thoughts about how difficult it might be. Develop strong personal reasons in addition to your health and duties to others. For example, think all the time you waste taking cigarette breaks, rushing out to buy a pack, hunting a light, etc. Set a date for quitting—perhaps a special day like your birthday, or a holiday. If you smoke heavily at work, quit during your vacation. Make the date seriously, and don’t let anything change it. Begin to prepare yourself physically: start a modest（适度的）exercise, drink more water, get plenty of rest.
Immediately after quitting…
The first few days after you quit, spend as much free time as possible in places where smoking is forbidden, e.g. libraries, museums, theatres, department stores, etc. Drink large quantities of water and fruit juice. Try to avoid wine, coffee, and other drinks, which remind you of cigarette smoking. Start a conversation with someone instead of asking for a match for a cigarette. If you miss the sensation（感觉）of having a cigarette in your hand, play with something else—a pencil, a pen, or a ruler. If you miss having something in your mouth, try toothpicks or a fake（假的）cigarette.
小题1:Which of the following statements is best supported by the author?
| A．When you want a cigarette, try to forget it by starting a conversation with someone. |
| B．Try to drink wine, coffee, and other drinks instead of a cigarette. |
| C．If you miss the sensation of having a cigarette in your mouth, play with a pen. |
| D．Every night before going to bed, repeat the reasons 10 times. |
| A．spend a lot of time breaking the habit of smoking |
| B．have to stop to smoke from time to time |
| C．had better quit smoking during their holiday |
| D．start a modest exercise every day |
| A．all kinds of drinks be avoided |
| B．drinking water and fruit juice |
| C．trying low-tar（低焦油）cigarettes |
| D．spending as much free time as possible in public places |
| A．Sports. | B．News. | C．Health. | D．Culture. |
Recently some American scientists have given a useful sincere piece of advice to people in industrialized nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.
The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since humans first appeared on the earth, but the way we live has changed greatly. Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times, so they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes ( 中风 ) are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.
Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic or tame ones ( 家畜 ). They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They didn’t have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. But today, we eat a large amount of these. We eat six times more salt than our remote ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.
People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate much the same way as remote ancestors did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.
67. What is the main cause that people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses?
A. Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise.
B. People today have a lot of alcohol.
C. People today have more tobacco.
D. Food today is quite different from that of ancient times.
68. Which of the following belongs to the dairy products?
A. Milk B. Corn C. Pork D. Flour
69. New kinds of sicknesses have been found because ________.
A. the human body has changed compared with humans who first appeared on the earth
B. the way we live has changed a little
C. our body can’t deal with the changes in life style
D. the way we live today is proper for the human body
70. According to some scientists, Stone-age people were much healthier than people today because they ate a lot of ________.
A. milk and other dairy products B. salt and sugar
C. wild animals, fresh wild vegetables and fruits D. grain foods
第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors. I feel there are 36 reasons for this.
Some people blame the fact 37 we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, _38 fried chicken and ice cream, 39 low price. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups 40 seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there 41 fewer of these restaurants, then probably children would buy less take-away food.
There is another argument that 42 parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I _43 this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate 44 healthy food, or are always allowed to choose 45 they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this 46 throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days 47 very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they 48 home, they sit in front of 49 or their computers and play computer games. 50 is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣),it also gives them time to eat more 51 food. 52 they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above 53 the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to 54 young people to be more active, as well as steering them away from fast food shops and 55 eating habits.
36. A. much B. a number of C. amount of D. lot of
37. A. which B. what C. that D. whose
38. A. such as B. so that C. such that D. and so on
39. A. with B. on C. at D. to
40. A. which B. whose C. where D. who
41. A. were B. was C. is D. are
42. A. blame B. blames C. ask D. tell
43. A. agree on B. agree at C. agree in D. agree with
44. A. as well as B. besides C. rather than D. beside
45. A. that B. what C. which D. when
46. A. carry on B. will carry out C. will carry on D. carry off
47. A. take B. go C. walk D. jump
48. A. get to B. go to C. arrive at D. get
49. A. the book B. the television C. the homework D. the telephone
50. A. Either B. And C. Not only D. If
51. A. healthy B. cold C. delicious D. unhealthy
52. A. What B. That C. Which D. Where
53. A. is B. are C. was D. were
54. A. order B. tell C. encourage D. inform
55. A. good B. healthy C. nice D. bad
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that "for the first time in history, more than one billion people are hungry."
The secretary-general made the statement in his message to the World Food Day, which fails on Friday. The World Food Day is celebrated on Oct. 16 annually, and the theme this year is "Achieving food security in times of crisis."
In his message, the secretary-general attributed the increase of hungry population world-wide to volatile (易变的) food prices, economic crisis, climate change and, conflict over the past two years.
Ban described food and nutritional security as "the foundations of a decent (正常的) life," saying that "the challenges of food security demand multilateral commitment (承诺), creativity and leadership."
"We must invest in food production and distribution (分配) ," he said. "Last year, I set up a. High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis. Its Comprehensive (全方位的) Frame-work for Action outlines a strategy to provide safety nets and assistance for smallholder farmers and to support longer-term agricultural productivity and resilience, social protection schemes (方案), market access and fair trade. "
"The challenges of food security demand unilateral commitment, creativity and leadership. At this time of crisis, I encourage all nations to pursue coordinated (配合) and comprehensive strategies for agricultural development and effective social protection so that vulnerable people -- women and children in particular -- can get the food they need for nutritional security and well-being," he said.
60. Which day is the World Food Day?
A. On Oct. 16. B. On Oct. 17. C. On Oct. 15. D. On Oct. 11.
61. How many reasons led to the increase, of hungry population worldwide according to the passage?
A. 3. B.5. C.2. D.4.
62. What does the challenges of food security demand?
A. Multilateral commitment and leadership.
B. Volatile food prices, economic Crisis and climate change.
C. Multilateral commitment, creativity and leadership.
D. Coordinated and comprehensive strategies.
63. What is the theme of the World Food Day this year?
A. Fight Hunger to Reduce Poverty. B. Achieving food security in times of crisis.
C. Women Feed the World. D. Water: Source of Food Security.
第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
In my dual (双重的)) profession 36 an educator and health care provider, I have worked with many children infected with HIV. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great 37 can be found in the smallest individuals. Let me tell you about Tyler.
Tyler was 38 infected with HIV; his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to 39 him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube inserted in a vein(静脉) in his chest. At times, he also needed extra oxygen to support his 40.
Tyler wasn"t_41 to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not 42 to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine-loaded backpack and 43 his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon ( 小推车 ). All of us who knew Tyler were impressed by his pure 44 in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler’s mom often 45 him by telling him that he moved so 46 she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly47 him.
This deadly disease eventually 48 down Tyler. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, 49 did his HIV-infected mother. When it became 50 that he wasn"t going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about 51 . She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven.
A few days before his death, Tyler 52 to me to come to his hospital bed and 53 ,"I might die soon. I"m not 54 When I die, please dress me in 55 Mom promised she"s coming to heaven, too. I"ll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me.
36. A. in B.for C. as D.on
37. A. pleasure B. pain C. sorrow D. courage
38. A. seriously B. born C. unlucky D. disappointingly
39. A. cause B. enable C. make D. lead
40. A. breathing B. living C. running D. walking
41. A. happy B. willing C. daring D. discouraged
42. A. common B. unusual C. surprised D. ordinary
43. A. dragging B. carrying C. pushing D. taking
44. A. character B. joy C. moment D. Excitement
45. A. comforted B. scolded C. teased D. praised
46. A. slowly B. happily C. quickly D. fast
47. A. know B. spot C. stop D. observe
48. A. tore B. broke C. wore D. kicked
49. A. neither B. so C. such D. nor
50. A. apparent B. hopeless C. sure D. terrible
51. A. life B. dream C. future D. death
52. A. waved B. said C. signed D. explained
53. A. whispered B. shouted C. cried D. spoke
54. A. excited B. surprised C. scared D. sad
55. A. red B. white C. bright D. beauty
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