题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster,” did not work as well.
The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said.
Researchers randomly assigned(分派)173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.
Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later.
Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.
小题1:The purpose of writing the passage is .
A.to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables |
B.to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet |
C.to explain why children hate to eat vegetables |
D.to present a proper way of vernal praise to parents |
A.shoot from behind the back |
B.make a lire in the hackyard |
C.produce an unexpected result |
D.achieve what was planned |
A.Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery. |
B.It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables. |
C.Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables. |
D.Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables. |
A.By comparison. | B.By asking questions. |
C.By giving examples, | D.By discussion. |
A.Children like rewards, not verbal praise. |
B.Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone. |
C.Children are difficult to inspire. |
D.Parents should give up verbal praise. |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:B
解析
小题1:写作目的题。结合文章第一段内容可知:一项英国研究称,如果学龄前小孩不愿吃蔬菜,只要他们尝尝味道,就给他们一些小奖励,或许可以帮助小孩吃下原本不想吃的食物。
小题2:词义理解题。结合第二段内容可知:奖励会鼓励小孩吃蔬菜;但也会带来另一个“结果”:对原来喜欢的食物失去了兴趣。这是家长始料未及的。由此猜出划线单词的含义:an unexpected result。
小题3:细节理解题。结合the idea is actually controversial(有争议的)可知答案。
小题4:细节理解题。结合倒数第三段可知答案。一组:reward their children;一组:used verbal praise。比较这两组的结果得出的结论。
小题5:推理判断题。结合Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children可知答案。
核心考点
试题【If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward li】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
There are many misconceptions(误解) surrounding first aid. Below are the ‘most popular’ ones with details of what you should do.
You should put butter or cream on a burn. The only thing you should put on a burn is cold water - keep the butter for cooking. Put the affected area under cold running water for at least ten minutes.
The best way to treat bleeding is to put the wound under a tap. If you put a bleeding wound under a tap you wash away the body"s clotting agents(凝血剂) and make it bleed more. Instead put pressure on the wound with whatever is available to stop or slow down the flow of blood. As soon as possible call 999. Keep pressure on the wound until help arrives.
Nosebleeds are best treated by putting the head back. If you put the head back during a nosebleed, all the blood goes down the back of the airway. Instead advise them to tilt(倾斜) their head forwards and ask the person to pinch(捏) the end of their nose and breathe through their mouth.
You need lots of training to do first aid. You don’t - what you mostly need is common sense. You can learn enough first aid in a few minutes to save someone"s life – whether it’s from a book, attending a course or watching videos online.
Remember: anyone can save a life
小题1:The most important point to save a person’s life is to ensure _____.
A.his smooth breath |
B.ambulances’ arriving time |
C.the quiet surroundings |
D.emergency medical help |
A.put some cream on the burn area |
B.cook some butter for the burn |
C.place the burn under cold running water |
D.wash the affected area for a long time |
A.It will help the bleeding stop at once. |
B.It will help produce more clotting agents. |
C.It will produce more pressure on the wound |
D.It will bleed more and hard to stop |
A.When a person’s nose bleed, please put the head back. |
B.You can learn first aid in quickly in different ways. |
C.When a person is burnt, crap the burn until help arrives. |
D.Not everyone can do first aid to save a life. |
A.how to learn first aid by yourself |
B.some misunderstanding about first aid |
C.the importance of first aid |
D.how to help medical team save a life |
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings.For some.an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife.A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress(紧张)1evels and blood pressure in people-half of them pet owners-while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic(算术)or held a hand in ice water.Subjects completed the tasks alone,with a husband/wife,a close friend or with a pet.People with pets did it best.Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates.With pets in the room,people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions.It seems people feel more relaxed(放松)around pets,says Allen,who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits.Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs;a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program.On average,people lost about 11 pounds,or 5% of their body weight.Their dogs did even better,losing an average of 12 pounds,more than 15%of their body weight.Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but,say researchers,got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs--and found it worth doing.
小题1:What does the text mainly discuss?
A.What pets bring to their owners. |
B.How pets help people calm down. |
C.People’s opinions of keeping pets. |
D.Pet’s value in medical research. |
A.he has a pet companion |
B.he has less stress of work |
C.he often does mental arithmetic |
D.he is taken care of by his family |
A.They have lower blood pressure. |
B.They become more patient. |
C.They are less nervous. |
D.They are in higher spirits. |
A.people with dogs did more exercise |
B.dogs lost the same weight as people did |
C.dogs liked exercise much more than people did |
D.people without dogs found the program unhelpful |
The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world — for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data show there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities — that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere.
小题1:According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.
A.to be based on inactive life style |
B.to be due to anxiety |
C.to result from environmental influences |
D.to be caused by heavy smoking |
A.positive | B.negative | C.neutral | D.approving |
A.the risk of catching cancer is on the rise |
B.the whole earth is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen |
C.the risk of catching cancer isn’t so great as people think |
D.cancer can be cured if the environment is cleaned up |
A.Cancer and Environment |
B.The Fear Caused by Cancers |
C.Data on Cancer Incidence |
D.Cancer and its Investigation |
Here"s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk"s mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.
Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don"t tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk"s attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it"s easy to think and act honorably again when we"re happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it"s started, it"s easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.
小题1:According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our ________.
A.self-respect | B.financial rewards |
C.advertising ability | D.friendly relationship |
A.telling the truth to the clerk |
B.offering advice to the clerk |
C.asking the clerk to be more responsible |
D.reminding the clerk of the charged item |
A.We"ll be very excited. |
B.We"ll feel unfortunate. |
C.We"ll have a sense of honor. |
D.We"ll feel sorry for the clerk. |
A.How to Live Truthfully |
B.Importance of Peacefulness |
C.Ways of Gaining Self-respect |
D.Happiness through Honorable Actions |
My alarm o’clock rings in my ears at 5:00 every morning. On hearing the ring, I will get out of bed and put on my glasses. The house is quiet as I walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep in peace. Instead of going for a long run as usual, today I chose my favorite exercise DVD and started moving. Sweat rolled down my face and into my eyes. My heart beat wildly as I face my body to finish each movement before a mirror. Of course I felt extremely tired towards the end, but a smile spread across my face. I smiled because the DVD was over, and there appeared a brighter smile of success from pushing my body to its extreme limit.
While some people are fond of chocolate, shopping, smoking, or work, what I need is taking exercise to pass each day. People shake their heads when they see me run with sweating heavily through the town. Some look surprised when I refuse to try just one bite of chocolate cake. They seem greatly puzzled by my “no thank you,” or by my choice to just have a vegetable salad. I have come to realize that it doesn’t matter to just say “No.” to any kind of food that I don’t want to eat.
Do you wonder what drives me to roll out of bed at 5:00 a.m. every morning? What makes me refuse ice cream firmly? Commitment—I’m determined to change my life with a way which can not only free me from daily anxiety, but also increase energy and self–confidence. And above all it will surely help me to keep good body shape and maybe extend my life. This is the real reason why there’s a huge smile spreading across my face when I look at myself in the mirror or try on my favorite pair of jeans that now fit me just right and look perfectly on me. I never doubt that I cannot make a difference within myself inside and out without such commitment and sweat.
小题1:From the text we can conclude that the author___________.
A.desires to look different from others. |
B.expects to develop a good body shape. |
C.has difficulty getting along with others. |
D.behaves strangely every morning she gets up |
A.Others don’t understand the author. |
B.Others help the author by offering her food. |
C.The author doesn’t understand others. |
D.The author hates to make others surprised. |
A.good health | B.firm belief | C.a habit | D.a permission |
A.Because she sees her family sleeping peacefully. |
B.Because she finishes her favorite exercise. |
C.Because she enjoys the inspiring DVD music. |
D.Because she feels a sense of achievement |
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