题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
While such tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.
In many cases, screening can lead to additional examinations and operations to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not cause serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained (根深蒂固的) that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a noisy reaction among doctors, patients and social groups.
It’s hard to uproot deeply-held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or previous personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the rest, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy.
A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening—especially considering the explosion of the elderly.
It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that makes sense for patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves from medical disputes. We need to think about the wise use of health care, which means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.”
小题1:Routine cancer screening for the elderly people makes sense because ______.
| A．it is believed to contribute to a long life |
| B．it is part of their health care package |
| C．they are more sensitive about the health |
| D．they are in greater danger of tumor growth |
| A．It adds too much to their medical bills. |
| B．They are doubtful about necessity. |
| C．It helps increase their life expectancy. |
| D．They think it does more harm than good. |
| A．It is a must for adult women. |
| B．It applies to women over 50. |
| C．It is intended for young women. |
| D．It doesn’t apply to women over |
| A．They want to take advantage of the medical care system. |
| B．They want to protect themselves against medical disputes. |
| C．They want data for medical research. |
| D．They want their patients to suffer less. |
| A．Better care, longer life. |
| B．Prevention is better than cure. |
| C．Better early than late. |
| D．The more, the better. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:D
解析
试题分析：文章大意：定期癌检查是否对上了年纪的人减少疾病的扩散有用呢，研究人们就此展开了研讨，上了年纪的需要更多的健康管理而不仅仅是定期检查。
小题1:D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Our risk of cancer rises rapidly as we age.”可知年龄增长发生癌症的风险会迅速扩大。故D正确。
小题2:B 细节理解题。根据第二段“researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly.”可知B正确。
小题3:A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句以及第四段可知A正确。
小题4:B 事实细节题。根据最后一段“Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves from medical disputes.”可知B正确。
小题5:D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“when it comes to health care, more is always better.”可知D正确。
核心考点
试题【Our risk of cancer rises rapidly as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly s】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Cancer kills more than 7.5 million people a year worldwide. Almost two-thirds are in low-income and middle-income countries.
They discover cancer kills more people in developing countries than AIDS, tuberculosis (肺结核) and malaria (疟疾) combined. But the world spends only 5% of its cancer resources in those countries.
Felicia Knaul from Harvard Medical School was one of the writers of the paper. She was in Mexico when she was found to have breast cancer. She received treatment there and her experience showed her the sharp difference between the rich and the poor in treating breast cancer.
Felicia Knaul says, “And we are seeing how this is attacking young women. It’s the number two cause of death in Mexico for women thirty to fifty-four. All over the developing world, it’s the number one cancer-related death among young women. I think we have to again say that there is much more we could do about it than we are doing about it.”
Professor Knalul met community health workers during her work in developing countries. They were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from the cancer. They were able to persuade people to get tested to prevent the illness. The experts say cancer care does not have to be costly. For example, patients can be treated with lower-cost drugs.
小题1:What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．Cancer – a leading cause of death in poor countries |
| B．What should we do in preventing and treating cancer? |
| C．What makes the first killer in developing countries? |
| D．Experts urge more efforts to fight cancer. |
| A．many Mexican women suffer from breast cancer |
| B．there is not enough medicine for cancer there |
| C．many Mexican women can’t afford medical care |
| D．patients with breast cancer are treated differently |
| A．breast cancer is a great threat to young women |
| B．people don’t pay enough attention to breast cancer |
| C．breast cancer is the second killer among women in Mexico |
| D．patients can be treated effectively in developing countries |
| A．The cancer patients. | B．The health experts. |
| C．Community health workers. | D．Young women. |
| A．The number of cancer cases is decreasing. |
| B．HIV/AIDS is not being taken seriously in Africa. |
| C．Over 7.5 million people die of cancer every year. |
| D．It is very expensive to treat cancer. |
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships(社团赞助), tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.
小题1:_______will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A. A city that submits a proposal B. A majority winner in voting
C. A city that has perfect time zone D. One that hasn’t hosted the Games
小题2: Which of the following words can be used to replace the word “ selecting” in paragraph 2?
| A．electing | B．hoping | C．choosing | D．thinking |
| A．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours |
| B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events |
| C．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights |
| D．will not pay for the Canadian television networks |
| A．The host city must be left with large debts |
| B．The city may achieve a lot of money |
| C．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games |
| D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money |
| A．How to host Olympic Games | B．Winner or loser |
| C．Applying for host for Olympics | D．The Olympic Games |
Recent studies suggest that vegetarianism may be associated with lower cholesterol (胆固醇), reduced risk of overweight and heart disease.
“We know from other studies that brighter children tend to behave in a healthier fashion as adults—they’re less likely to smoke, less likely to be overweight，less likely to have high blood pressure and more likely to take exercise.” lead author Catharine Gale said, “This study provides further evidence that people with a high IQ tend to have a healthier lifestyle.”
In the study, Gale’s team collected data on nearly 8,200 men and women aged 30, whose IQ had been tested when they were 10 years of age.
“Children who scored higher on IQ tests at age 10 were more likely than those who got lower scores to report that they were vegetarian at the age of 30.”Gale said.
The researchers found that 4.5 percent of participants were vegetarians. Of these, 2.5 percent were vegan, and 33.6 percent said they were vegetarian but also ate fish or chicken.
There was no difference in IQ score between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarian but also ate fish or chicken，the researchers added.
One expert said the findings weren’t the whole answer，however.
“We don’t know the beliefs or attitudes of the parents of the children，nor do we know if there was a particular event that led these children to becoming vegetarian in their teens or adulthood.” said Lona Sandon, and assistant professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
小题1:From the article，we know that ________.
| A．brighter children are likely to become vegetarians when they are ten. |
| B．people with a higher IQ will not be overweight |
| C．brighter children are likely to have a healthier lifestyle |
| D．overweight may cause high blood pressure |
| A．Someone who only eats vegetables. |
| B．Someone who chooses not to eat meat or fish. |
| C．Someone who likes eating meat and fish. |
| D．Someone who likes eating vegetables. |
| A．Did the vegetarian children grow up in a family with a vegetarian parent? |
| B．Did the children eat a primarily vegetarian diet at the age of 10? |
| C．Were meatless meals regularly served in the participants’ families? |
| D．Did the vegetarian children really have a high IQ? |
| A．the low IQ children will be unhealthier when they grow up |
| B．being vegetarians can reduce the risk of overweight and heart disease |
| C．IQ is important to vegetarians |
| D．high IQ children are more likely to become vegetarian when they grow up |
Are you still troubled by a disease called overactive bladder(膀胱)? Why not try TOVIAZ, a medicine used to treat adults 18 years older facing such a condition?
You are strongly advised not to take TOVIZ if you have following symptoms:
Your stomach empties slowly.
You are suffering from eye problems.
You’re allergic to any ingredients of TOVIAZ.
Remember the possible side effects of TOVIAZ
Dry mouth.
Constipation(便秘)
Dry eyes.
Trouble empting the bladder
Remember to ask your doctor for a complete list, since these aren’t all possible side effects of TOVIAZ.
More Detailed Instructions to take TOVIAZ:
Your doctor may give you the lower 4mg dose of TOVIAZ if you have severe kidney problem.
Take TOVIAZ with liquid and swallow the tablet whole. Do not chew, divide or crush the tablet.
You can take either TOVIAZ with or without food.
If you miss a dose of TOVIAZ, start taking it again the next day.
Decreased sweating and severe heat illness can occur when TOVIAZ is used in hot environments.
Drinking alcohol while taking TOVIAZ may cause increased sleepiness.
小题1:What is the main purpose of the passage?
| A．To present a discovery on a scientific research. |
| B．To give information about a kind of medicine. |
| C．To teach patients ways of recovery from illness. |
| D．To show the importance of taking proper medicine. |
| A．kidney problem |
| B．stomach problem |
| C．dry mouth or eyes |
| D．overactive bladder |
| A．There are only four possible side effects of TOVIAZ. |
| B．Don’t take TOVIAZ if you are allergic to its ingredient. |
| C．It’s unwise for people under 18 years old to use TOVIAZ |
| D．You may feel excited while eating TOVIAZ with alcohol. |
| A．It’s OK to take it with food or without food. |
| B．Chew the tablet well before you swallow it. |
| C．Use TOVIAZ in hot environment to cure heat illness. |
| D．If you miss a dose, do take it right away on the same day. |
Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.
“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecessarily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.
WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.
Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(发病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.
Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple — that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers — it was still a difficult one to get across.
The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.
Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.
“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.
小题1:Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixth paragraph?
| A．protect | B．prevent | C．develop | D．cure。 |
| A．Exercising and eating healthily can help to reduce cancer risk. |
| B．Each year about 12.7 million people are diagnosed with cancer around the world. |
| C．Every year millions of people die from smoking and lung cancers. |
| D．Adults should walk for fifty minutes three times per week. |
| A．Simple life changes could stop millions of cancers |
| B．Cancer is a leading cause of death |
| C．Our bad lifestyle caused many diseases |
| D．The incidence of common cancers is rising |
| A．advise people to develop healthier lifestyle. |
| B．warn people of the danger of cancers |
| C．explain why many people die from cancers every year. |
| D．introduce the ways to protect people from developing cancers |
| A．all the lung cancers are linked to smoking |
| B．there is no medicine to cure the cancers but it’s our duty to find one |
| C．all governments should take measures to control smokers and protect people’s health |
| D．it’s our opportunity and duty to persuade people to give up smoking |
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