 “Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move,” said David Belle, the founder of parkour(跑酷).
Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that’s parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy(理念) behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back from them in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”
Another philosophy we’ve learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself that you earn energy and confidence.
小题1: Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of .| A．its founder, David Belle | B．the film, Casino Royale | | C．its risks and tricks | D．the varieties of participants |
小题2: The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”.| A．streets | B．objects | | C．barriers | D．roofs |
小题3: Which of the following is true of parkour?| A．It challenges human abilities. | B．It is a good but boring sport. | | C．It needs special training. | D．It is a team sport. |
小题4: As its participants move around a city, .| A．they can ask for help | B．they may choose to escape | | C．they should run to extremes | D．they must learn to survive |
小题5: Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour?| A．Sports and extremes. | B．Excitement and popularity. | | C．Dreams and success. | D．Determination and freedom. |
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| 小题1:B小题1:C小题1:A小题1:C小题1:D |
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核心考点
试题【“Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is t】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Parents are often amazed at how fast their child grows and develops. New research has determined that the ability to quantify may develop much sooner than most parents realize.
Kristy vanMarle, professor of the University of Missouri, has determined that contrary to what previous studies have shown, infants（婴儿）are able to quantify substances（物质）—like sand or water—as early as 10 months. As long as the difference between the two substances is large enough, infants will choose the larger amount, especially when it comes to food.
With the assistance of her team researchers, vanMarle tested the quantifying skills of babies by presenting them with two cups: one containing a small amount of food, and one containing a larger amount. Consistently, the babies chose the larger amount.
“Several studies throughout the last 15 years have shown that infants are very good at telling how many objects they see; however, infants don’t seem to count things like water or sand,” vanMarle said. “What we’re saying is that they can quantify substances; it’s just much harder. The infants can see how much food goes into each cup and compare that in their memories. They decide which amount is larger, and they almost always select the larger one.”
This information further refutes（驳斥）the long-held idea that babies “know nothing of the world,” vanMarle said.
“Since psychologists have begun studying infants with sensitive measures, we’ve discovered a lot of early abilities. I think for parents, it should be exciting to know that there’s somebody in there that has some fundamental and basic knowledge of the world, and that knowl edge is guiding their development,” vanMarle said.
In the future, vanMarle says this kind of study could be linked to a child’s progress in math-related skills, although programs marketed to increase those abilities, such as “Baby Einstein,” still have mixed reviews when it comes to academic study.
小题1:The quantifying ability refers to the ability to .| A．choose between different substances | | B．get much knowledge of the world | | C．describe the quantity of something | | D．obtain math-related skills |
小题2: What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?| A．The process of doing research. | | B．The scientific findings. | | C．The final choice of infants.] | | D．The observation of infants’ behavior. |
小题3:Babies choose the larger amount of food .A．by saying numbe rs | B．with the help of parents | | C．on personal preference | D．through their natural abilities |
小题4:We can learn from the text that .| A．some parents don’t care about their kids | | B．people used to think the world is known to babies | | C．little research has been done on infants | | D．scholars disagree on baby-training programs |
小题5: What’s the best title of the text?| A．Breakthrough in Baby Studies | | B．Amazing Baby-training Ideas | | C．Early Human Abilities | | D．Unique Quantifying Methods |
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The website FarmersOnly.com calls itself an online dating and friendship finder. The idea started in the mind of a man, Jerry Miller in Ohio. He wondered how farmers could meet new people who understand the life of a farmer. Jerry Miller is not a farmer but he represents a lot of farmers.
As he tells it, the idea for the site was planted when a farmer told him one day that she was recently divorced and would like to date. But someone would invite her to meet for coffee at nine o’clock at night, when she had to start her day at five the next morning.
So, in 2005, Jerry Miller launched his website. “You don’t have to be a farmer to be on FarmersOnly.com, but you do have to have the good old-fashioned traditional values of America’s Heartland.”
You also have to live in the United States or Canada to be a member of the site. Some services are free, but a full membership costs fifty dollars for a year. As of last week the site listed more than 58,000 members. Many of them are farmers in the United States. Others are students or workers involved in some way with agriculture. Jerry Miller tells us about thirty marriages in the last year have resulted from his website.
Some farmers have also found love through a group, Singles in Agriculture, which was formed as a nonprofit organization in 1986. It organizes gatherings that usually end with a dance, but is not a dating service. The purpose is to support educational and social activities that offer people a chance for friendship. Its website, singlesinag.org, says there are more than 1,000 members across the nation and as far away as France.
小题1:Jerry Miller started singlesinag.org in order to .| A．help farmers | B．support traditions | C．un derstand farmers | D．represent farmers |
小题2:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 indicate?| A．She dislikes city lifestyle. | | B．She prefers late night coffee | | C．Country life isn’t well understood. | | D．It’s tiring to get up early. |
小题3:Which of the following is true of singlesinag.org? | A．Its services are free. | | B．It provides dating services. | | C．Only farmers can become its members. | | D．Farmers in France can’t benefit from it. |
小题4:The author of the text intends to .| A．advertise for the two websites | | B．introduce two websites | | C．encourage social activities | | D．urge readers to help farmers |
小题5: It can be inferred from the text that .| A．all farmers desire marriage | | B．farmers are easy to meet new people | | C．more farmers get divorced in the USA | | D．the Internet helps improve farmers’ social life |
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Sharks have gained unfair reputation for being large fierce sea animals. That humanity’s unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures are leading to a worldwide slaughter (大屠***) may result in the extinct ion of many larger, coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped (有偏见的) attitude of wildlife protection; we strive (努力) only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threat parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts.
A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude towards another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States objected to the practice of hunting tuna (金枪鱼) in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in drift nets. In contrast to this effort, the populations of sharks in the Pacific Ocean have decreased to the point of extinction and there has been very little effort by the same environmentalism to save this important species of wildlife in water. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus performing an important role in nature of knocking out the weaker animals in a species. Just the fact that species such as the Great White Shark have managed to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability to changing environment. It is time for humans, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate they are damaging the planet, to cast away their fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as creatures that may provide us with an insight into our own survival.
小题1: The best summary of the passage is __________.| A．sharks have such a bad reputation | | B．how sharks become some of the oldest creatures on earth | | C．sharks should be put under wildlife protection | | D．the campaign to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks |
小题2: How long have sharks been living on the planet?| A．More than 25 million years. | | B．More than 150 million years. | | C．More than 350 million years. | | D．More than 500 million years. |
小题3:Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?| A．Specific(细节) to general. | B．Cause and effect. | | C．Statement and example. | D．Time order. |
小题4: How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?| A．They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat. | | B．They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law. | | C．They created shelters where dolphin fishing was not allowed. | | D．They brought political pressure against tuna companies. |
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Microwaves may be great at warming up food, but what about warming people?
Using microwaves to directly heat owners of a room would save much of the energy wasted by heating walls and furn iture. And despite popular ideas about microwaves, this technique would be safe, according to Charles R. Buffler of the Microwave Research Center in Marlborough, New Hampshire. Low-power microwaves only penetrate (贯穿) the skin (low-power microwave penetration in a ham is about 0.2 inches, for example) and with no negative effects.
To test this idea, Buffler subjected himself to microwaves in a special room using a standard 500-watt, 2459 MHz magnetron (磁控管). He found that a person will start to feel warmth at about 20 milliwatts per square centimeter (mw. /sq.cm.); a satisfactory feeling of warmth occurs between 35 and 50 mw./sq.cm. By comparison, a person standing in noonday summer sun feels the amount of 85 mw./sq.cm. And a frozen meat pie in your microwave oven receives about 1000 mw./sq. cm.
In houses of the future, each room could be provided with its own magnetron, says Buffler. When you stepped into the living room, for example, a motion detector would turn on the magnetron, filling the room with low-power microwaves. In the same way that a microwaves oven heats up a hamburger, but not the plate it’s on, you would feel warmth from the microwaves without changing the temperature of your coffee table. (You could, however, make your favorite easy chair even more comfortable by treating it with a radiation-absorbing chemical.)
While it might be some time before homeowners are comfortable enough with the idea to set up whole body microwave heaters in houses, Buffler says microwaves may attract livestock farmers. Lambs that are born outdoors in winter, for example, are frequently lost to cold. Microwaves could warm the lambs safely and quickly.
小题1: Which of the following can tell the main idea of the passage?| A．A new heating system. | B．A new microwave oven. | | C．A popular technique. | D．The magnetron. |
小题2: The test conducted by Buffler shows that when a person feels comfortable warmth, he receives about ____.| A．20 mw. / sq. cm. | B．40 mw. / sq. cm. | | C．60 mw. / sq. cm. | D．85 mw. / sq. cm. |
小题3: According to paragraph 4, which of the following fills the room with low-power microwaves?| A．The magnetron. | B．The motion detector. | | C．The microwave oven. | D．The radiation-absorbing chemical. |
小题4: Which of the following statements about microwave heaters would Buffler most probably agree with?| A．Microwave heaters will soon be widely used by homeowners. | | B．Microwave heaters sometimes make people feel uncomfortable. | C．Microwave heaters will be probably first used by livestock farmers to prot ect their lambs in winter. | | D．Microwave heaters cannot be accepted by the public because they are somewhat unsafe. |
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完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Some people who find themselves unable to solve a problem react by just giving up. But it is not good to 36 problems by giving up or make excuses for 37 . You may be sure that all young people 38 the same difficult process that you are going through: meeting new situations, developing new skills, and testing their abilities.
If you are unhappy about something, face it. Try to 39 the problem in a few words, so that you will know exactly what you are 40 . Then see if you can “put you finger” on the 41 of your unhappiness.
In many cases, we only “think” there is no 42 to a particular problem. But often we can 43 the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct 44 .
For example, a boy wanted to be a debater(辩论家). When he tried for the debating team as a 45 , the coach thought he was 46 . He was shy; he had a high-pitched voice and his posture(姿态) was poor. Although he was given little hope of success, he took 47 of every 48 to debate. He studied from successful speakers and 49 his own weakness and assets. Then he 50 many hours learning all the facts on the topics for the debate, and worked at developing good posture and at speaking clearly. In his junior year, he made the school 51 team, and in his senior year, he was on the winning team in his state. He 52 his goal because he had made a direct attack on his problem.
53 direct attack is often the best way to face problems, we have to be 54 in judging situations and sometimes it is necessary to 55 the goal. So it is important to study the situation and make a wise decision about what to do.
| 小题1: | | A．escape | B．notice | C．clear up | D．dismiss |
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| 小题2: | | A．success | B．failure | C．change | D．himself |
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| 小题3: | | A．go through | B．experienced | C．escape from | D．give up |
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| 小题4: | | A．say | B．state | C．find | D．solve |
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| 小题5: | | A．dealt with | B．up to | C．escaping | D．up against |
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| 小题6: | | A．cause | B．purpose | C．point | D．statement |
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| 小题7: | | A．way | B．solution | C．method | D．hope |
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| 小题8: | | A．give up | B．think of | C．consider | D．overcome |
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| 小题9: | | A．attack | B．method | C．change | D．catch |
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| 小题10: | | A．director | B．instructor | C．adviser | D．freshman (新人) |
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| 小题11: | | A．hopeful | B．great | C．hopeless | D．grateful |
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| 小题12: | | A．use | B．advantage | C．value | D．effect |
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| 小题13: | | A．minute | B．opportunity | C．effort | D．other |
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| 小题14: | A．siz ed up | B．thought up | C．made up | D．gave in |
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| 小题15: | | A．cost | B．found | C．spent | D．wasted |
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| 小题16: | | A．speaking | B．successful | C．debating | D．member |
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| 小题17: | | A．gave up | B．escaped | C．caught | D．achieved |
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| 小题18: | | A．Although | B．Since | C．Because | D．However |
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| 小题19: | | A．false | B．realistic | C．hopeful | D．valuable |
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| 小题20: | | A．give up | B．change | C．attack | D．strike |
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