题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.
The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook (小溪); someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans.
The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.
小题1: Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?
A.Places where people lived. | B.People’s characters. |
C.Talents that people possessed. | D.People’s occupations. |
A.owned or drove a cart | B.made things with metals |
C.made kitchen tools or containers. | D.built houses and furniture. |
A.Beatrice Smith | B.Leonard Carter |
C.George Longstreet | D.Donald Greenwood |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
解析
试题分析:你知道人类名字的来源和意义吗? 人的名字由他们的父母选择。有时用祖父母或者其他的家庭成员的名字。一些家长选择的一个著名的人的名字。有些人给他们的孩子的名字的意思是美好的东西。 最早的姓氏来自地名。 其他早期的姓氏来自人们的工作。人们有时会用一些人的头发和皮肤的颜色,或个头大小,或其特殊能力特点来命名。孩子通过给父姓添加一些什么得来。说英语的人加–s或–son。 爱尔兰和苏格兰人加Mac 或者Mc或者O。
小题1:推理判断题。根据文中介绍可知,最早的姓氏来自1.人们生活的地点;2.人们的工作;3.与他们的特殊能力有关。没说人的姓与人的性格有关。故选B项。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Potter—a person who made pots and pans.(Potter是一个制作锅的人。)
可知选C 。
小题3: 推理判断 题。根据The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.和Donald means “world ruler”可知,如果一对夫妇他们的祖先住在茂密的森林附近,想让他们新出生的孩子将来成为一个“世界的统治者”,那么叫Donald Greenwood最合适,所以选D。
核心考点
试题【Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. Bu】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
“We don’t know whether the food is safe,” said Zambia’s commerce, Trade and Industry Minister Dipak Patel.
His worries are shared by countries around the world that are in two minds about America’s genetically modified(GM,转基因的)crops.Just last week, EU(欧盟)member nations were discussing whether or not to import GM sweet corn from the US.
Ever since people started farming, they have tried to crossbreed(杂交)plants to make them stronger or better tasting. At one time, only related plants could be crossed with each other.
But when GM techniques were developed in the 1970s, scientists were able to put a single gene from a living creature into an unrelated creature.
This means they can make crops more productive and resistant to disease by adding genes from other species.They can also create food with special characteristics, such as “golden rice”, which is enriched with vitamin A. But many people believe GM foods are a health risk.
At the moment, the official argument is that GM foods “are not likely to present risks for human health”. But there are still many questions to be answered as the foods are produced in different ways.
Some experts believe the genetic material added to plants can transfer to humans and give damage to our bodies. Further harm could be caused by the genes from GM plants crossbreeding with naturally produced crops.
People in China are also getting worried about GM foods. More than 70 percent of the
country’s soybean oil is produced from imported GM soybeans. Meanwhile, an investigation last November found that 12 of 60 famous foods sold across the country were GM products. The government has begun to introduce a marking system for GM goods so that people can choose whether or not to eat them.
小题1:Which is the best title for the passage?
A.Harmful GM foods | B.Advantages of GM foods |
C.GM foods, a health risk? | D.the Techniques of GM foods |
A.they decide to follow EU member’s advice |
B.they are concerned about the safety of GM foods |
C.they care little about the problem of starvation |
D.they are too proud to accept free offer |
A.GM foods are harmful to people’s health |
B.GM food is no better than naturally produced foods |
C.only related plans could be crossed with each other |
D.GM techniques can increase the production of crops |
A.GM foods are a health risk. |
B.Only Zambia worries about the safety of GM foods . |
C.China’s government hasn’t taken any action about GM foods. |
D.Some experts believe human bodies can absorb genetic material from GM foods. |
A.Supportive. | B.Neutral. | C.Doubtful. | D.Critical. |
For African Americans, it is tradition for the married couple to jump over a broom covered with flowers. This represents the beginning of family life. It is interesting to note that African slaves who were brought to the USA started this tradition. African American couples were not allowed to have a legal marriage, so instead they had a ceremony where the bride and groom jumped over a broom “into marriage”.
Making jokes about the bride and groom is a wedding tradition in both France and Germany. In France, this includes making loud noises with pots; in Germany, wedding guests break dishes. Weddings in Germany often last for three days. On Thursday, there is a simple ceremony at a government office noting the official marriage of the couple. Then the couple will have a dinner with family and close friends. On Friday, there is a party. This is when guests break dishes to represent the start of a new life. Then on Sunday, there is a ceremony in a church.
In Greece and Italy, people eat special kinds of sweets at the wedding. Both Greece and Italy also have their own special wedding dances, which all of the guests enjoy.
In Russia, couples tie a doll to their wedding car if they want to have a daughter, or a toy bear if they want to have a son.
In England, it is tradition for the little girls to throw flowers on the ground on the way to the wedding ceremony. The bride and groom walk on these flowers. This represents the hope that the couples will follow the path that leads to a happy life.
Topic | ·Getting married can be 1. __________ than any other moment in a person’s life. ·Interesting wedding customs differ 2. _________ country to country. |
Countries/ People | Wedding Customs |
African Americans | ·Married couple jump over a broom covered with flowers, which 3. _________ the beginning of family life. ·In the past, African American couples were 4. __________ to get married legally. |
France and Germany | ·Make jokes about the bride and groom. ·In Germany, wedding guests get dishes 5. __________. ·A German wedding often 6. _________ three days. |
The Greek and the 7. __________ | ·Either Greece 8. _________ Italy has its own special wedding dances, which all of the guests enjoy. |
Russia | ·If couples want to have a daughter, they will have a doll 9. _________ to their wedding car. |
The English | ·The bride and groom walk on the flowers thrown by little girls. It represents the hope of 10. __________ the path leading to a happy life. |
Are newspapers dying?
That’s the heated debate these days. Many say the disappearance of the daily paper is just a matter of time. The future of journalism is in news websites, not newsprint.
However, others say, newspapers have been with us for hundreds of years, and while all news may be online some day, papers can exist for some time.
So who’s right? I’ll outline the arguments on both sides, and then you can decide.
Newspapers Are Dead
Newspapers are in trouble. Circulation is dropping, display and classified ad income is drying up, and the industry has experienced a hard time. Big metro papers like the Rocky Mountain News have stopped operating, and even bigger newspaper companies like the Tribune Co. go bankrupt(***).
And where are newspaper readers going? To the Web. A recent study has found that Internet users read online newspapers for an average of 53 minutes per week in 2008. That’s highest level recorded in the eight years when the study has been done.
The study found that 22 percent of users said they stopped their subscription(订阅)to a printed paper or magazine because they could access the same content online.
Some people say the Internet is just a better place to get the news. “On the Web, newspapers are live, and they can supplement(增补)their coverage with audio, video, and the valuable resources of their vast contents,” says Geffrey I. Cole, director of the Center for the Digital Future.
小题1:How does the author present the topic to be discussed?
A.By presenting others’ prediction |
B.By asking a question |
C.By providing opposite opinions |
D.By talking about the background |
A.try to draw a general conclusion |
B.encourage readers to use their judgment |
C.compare the advantages of two media |
D.invite readers to express their opinions freely |
A.want to save money |
B.hope to protect the environment |
C.don’t care about news |
D.can read online newspapers |
A.it provides news vividly | B.the news is more reliable |
C.it can reach more readers | D.it is much cheaper in price |
Of course, the second speaker does not mean he heard the news about John by putting his ear to a grapevine! He is conveying the idea visually of information spreading around a widespread network, similar to a grapevine. We use idioms to express something that other words do not express as clearly or as cleverly. We often use an image or symbol to describe something as clearly as possible and thus make our point as effectively as possible. For example, "in a nutshell" suggests the idea of having all the information contained within very few words. Idioms tend to be informal and are best used in spoken rather than written English.
One of the best ways to learn an idiom is by looking at the context in which it is used. This can be done by concentrating on the rest of the sentence and try to guess the meaning. Many idioms are not that difficult to understand when considered in their context. For example: We are going to have a surprise party for Tom tomorrow. It"s a secret so please don"t let the cat out of the bag.
"Let the cat out of the bag" is an idiom. Imagine you don"t know what this idiom means; by looking at the words preceding, it should be easy to guess that the speaker does not want you to tell Tom about the surprise party. Therefore, "let the cat out of the bag" must mean something like" reveal a secret" or "tell a secret".
小题1:Which of the following sentences is NOT similar to “I heard it on the grapevine. ” in figures of speech(在修辞方面)?
A.The exam was a piece of cake. |
B.You will be paid under the table. |
C.You eat with that mouth? |
D.It rained cats and dogs yesterday. |
A.blue | B.homesick | C.unhappy | D.ill |
A.in a paper | B.in an preface(序言) | C.in a notice | D.in online chatting |
A.Other words can express something as vividly as idioms. |
B.Written English with spoken English does not use idioms at all. |
C.There are plant, food, animal idioms used to express something. |
D.Contexts play not a bit important part in guessing the meaning of idioms. |
In the United States, Mother"s Day did not become a(n) holiday until 1915.Its establishment was due to the perseverance and love of one , Anna Jarvis.Anna"s mother had provided strength and support as the family their home in West Virginia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania her father served as a minister.
When Mrs Jarvis died on May 5, 1905, Anna was determined to her.She asked a minister at the church in West Virginia to give a sermon(布道) memory of her mother.
On the same Sunday in Philadelphia, ministers there honoured Mrs.Jarvis and all mothers with a (n) Mother"s Day service.Anna Jarvis began writing to congressmen, asking them to a day to honour mothers. In 1910, the governor of West Virginia proclaimed(宣布) the second Sunday in May as Mother"s Day and a year later every state it.
On Mother" s Day morning some American children the tradition of serving their mothers breakfast in bed.Other children will give their mothers which they have made themselves or bought in .Adults give their mothers red carnations, the official Mother"s Day flower.If their mothers , they may bring white carnations to their grave(坟墓)sites.This is the busiest day of the year for American .On the special day, family members do not want Mom to cook dinner!
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