题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Nowadays people are troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of violence as entertainment.
Viewing large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality(因果关系). Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies… point to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”
Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.
The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read “aggressive” or “non-aggressive” words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intention of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.
Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.
小题1:Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?
A.Showing violence is thought to be entertaining. |
B.Something has gone wrong with today’s society |
C.Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed. |
D.There is a lot of violence in the real world today. |
A.Violence on television is fairly accurate reflection of real-world life. |
B.Most studies exaggerate (夸大) the effect of media violence on the viewers. |
C.A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence. |
D.The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated. |
A.use standardized measurements in the studies of media violence |
B.initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on reality |
C.insist on a direct link between violent media and aggressive behavior |
D.use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior |
A.got rid of things that are not good | B.removed unwanted parts from something |
C.picked out things that are useful | D.took away unnecessary details of a report |
A.He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists. |
B.It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled. |
C.The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading. |
D.More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn. |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:D
解析
小题1:考查细节。第1段提到:one might reasonably ask what’s wrong with a society that presents videos of violence as entertainment 故选A。
小题2:细节。第2、3段为本题答案提供了判断的依据。
小题3:考查根据上下文词义猜测及理解词汇含义的能力。由第4段第2句话可知,“alarmists(危言耸听者)”说他们已经证实媒体暴力引起攻击行为,即他们认为二者之间存在着直接关系,故选C。
小题4:考查根据上下文词义猜测及理解词汇含义的能力。“weed out”在本文中是“淘汰掉……”或“剔除”之意。
小题5:考查作者的观点态度。指出目前多数研究夸大了媒体和暴力的关系后,作者在最后一段指出:在有更多确切证据之前,缓和对媒体的批评是又一可取的做法。由此可推断得出作者的态度,故选D。
核心考点
试题【Nowadays people are troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Most workers attend so-called happy hours to bond with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear the latest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel necessary, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder.com, an online job site. As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow, 16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague, 10 percent shared a secret about a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much and acted unprofessionally. Five percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent confessed to singing karaoke. While 21 percent of those who attended said happy hours were good for networking, 85 percent said attending had not helped them get closer to someone higher up or get a better position. An equal number of men and women said they attended happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least likely to attend. Overall, 21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and; of those nearly a quarter go at least once a month.
The survey was conducted online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder.com among 6,987 full-time employees between February 11 and March 13. Harris Interactive said the results had a sampling error of plus or minus 1.2 percentage points.
56. Harris Interactive made the survey to find out ________.
A. how U.S. workers spend their after-work time
B. what U.S. workers do at after-work drinks
C. the relationships between U.S. workers
D. who are most likely to attend after-work drinks
57. ________ of workers who attend after-work drinks speak ill of a colleague.
A. 4 percent B. 8 percent C. 16 percent D. 10 percent
58. According to the passage, most of those surveyed believed attending after-work drinks ________.
A. benefited them a lot B. could provide information
C. only made them relaxed D. was of no help to them
59. We can learn from the text that _________.
A. workers over 55 don’t like to attend happy hours at all
B. about 75% of workers go more than once a month
C. 10.5% of male workers attend happy hours with co-workers
D. about 700 workers surveyed shared a secret about a co-worker
60. After the survey, it can be inferred that_________.
A. all the workers oppose after-work drinks
B. the workers may change their attitudes towards after-work drinks
C. all the workers support after-work drinks
D. all the workers are suggested going to attend after-work drinks
In these belt-tightening times 1 , cost-conscious workouts(锻炼)at home and at the gym topped the list of fitness trends for this year in a survey, followed 2 by shorter, more time-efficient regimens, such as 3 boot camp(强力集中训练) and circuit training.
"People are looking 4 for ways to accomplish as much as possible with as little 5 time and money as necessary," said Cedric X. Bryant, chief science officer of the American Council on Exercise (ACE), which conducted the online poll of fitness professionals.
"Last year money was on the list but this 6 year the majority of the respondents put 7 it as one of the top," he added.
Bryant said some 600 ACE-certified fitness 8 professionals responded to the annual poll 9 , which the non-profit organization has been conducting for a decade.
Other money-saving measures 10 , such as the shift from personal training sessions to small group training 11 classes and in-home workouts 12 using smaller, more portable equipment, also made the list.
"Personal trainers are seeing they"ve got to respond to market needs 13 . Working with two to four clients at a 14 time they can charge less 15 but still get their hourly fee," Bryant said.
Boot-camp workouts and circuit training, both of which burn 16 calories while building strength and endurance(持久性), will be among the most popular trends in 2010, as time-constrained(受压制的) consumers 17 seek shorter, more intense activities.
One bright spot is the rise of exergaming-type systems, like Nintendo"s Wii Sports, Wii Fit and the PC-based Dancetown. Bryant says the fitness-based video games are turning up 18 in health clubs and senior centers.
Functional training workouts, which are geared to improving the quality of life and the ability to perform everyday tasks, will remain strong 19 , and the use of computerized tracking and online training and scheduling tools will increase 20 in the coming year.
( ) 1. A. times B. years C. centuries D. societies
( ) 2. A. caught B. followed C. covered D. conducted
( ) 3. A. such like B. in other words C. such as D. that is to say
( ) 4. A. taking B. developing C. opening D. looking
( ) 5. A. little B. much C. many D. few
( ) 6. A. that B. next C. this D. previous
( ) 7. A. manage B. put C. try D. organize
( ) 8. A. medicine B. train C. economy D. fitness
( ) 9. A. poll B. conference C. observationD. reception
( ) 10. A. measures B. procedures C. policies D. systems
( ) 11. A. speaking B. training C. exercising D. processing
( ) 12. A. work B. workouts C. rest D. race
( ) 13. A. changes B. prices C. needs D. habits
( ) 14. A. some B. no C. any D. a
( ) 15. A. less B. fewer C. more D. much
( ) 16. A. produce B. burn C. cut D. add
( ) 17. A. professionalsB. students C. consumers D. trainers
( ) 18. A. turning up B. turning down C. turning around D. turning out
( ) 19. A. weak B. useful C. strong D. possible
( ) 20. A. decrease B. appear C. increase D. want
2. The death toll (死亡人数) of the Burnside train crash rose to four yesterday when John Phillips, 32, of Petersville died in Wallsend Hospital. Another six people are still on the danger list. Mr. Phillips, an electrical engineer leaves a wife and two children.
3. China and the United States reached an agreement on the protection of intellectual property rights (知识产权) yesterday, after difficult marathon talks.
The agreement is good news for all parties concerned. The Chinese Foreign Trade Minister described the agreement as a "turning point" in Sino-US trade relations that "promises further progress" in the future. The agreement will not only favorably influence trade relations between China and the United States. It may favorably influence the overall relations between the two countries.
小题1:What do you get to know from article 1?
A.It is as cold as usual in Middlesbrough, and the farmers are pleased. |
B.It is hotter than usual in Middlesbrough, and the farmers are pleased. |
C.It is hotter than usual in Middlesbrough, and the farmers are worried. |
D.It is colder than usual in Middlesbrough, and the farmers are worried. |
A.Only John Phillips has died. |
B.Ten people have died in the crash, including John Phillips. |
C.Four people have died in the crash, including John Phillips. |
D.John Phillips, his wife and children all died in the crash. |
A.Petersville and Wallsend. | B.An electrical engineer and John Phillips. |
C.John Phillips" wife and two children. | D.Another six people who were on the train. |
A.It is an agreement on a marathon race. |
B.It is an agreement on trade relations. |
C.It is an agreement on overall relations. |
D.It is an agreement on intellectual property rights protection. |
A.Relations between China and the United States are going to be sometimes worse and sometimes better. |
B.Relations between China and the United States are going to be better. |
C.Relations between China and the United States are going to be worse. |
D.Relations between China and the United States are going to remain the same. |
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit
What is eBay? The simple answer is that it is a global trading platform where nearly anyone can trade practically anything. People can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods. Including cars, movies and DVDs, sporting goods, travel tickets, musical instruments, clothes and shoes---the list goes on and on.
The idea came from Peter Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child, at high school,he became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tuft University in 1988, He worked for the next few years as a computer engineer. In his free time he started Bay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skill, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. Even in the great.com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet.
EBay sells connections, not goods, putting buyer and seller into contact with each other. All you have to do is to take an e-photo, write a description, fill out a sales form and you are in business; the world is your market place. Of course for each item sold eBay gets a percentage and that is a great deal of money. Every day there are more than sixteen million items listed on eBay and eighty percent of the items are sold.
小题1:According to the passage, what is eBay? (no more than 6 words)
小题2:How does eBay make money from its website? (no more than 10 words)
小题3: From the underlined sentence “he has never looked back”, what can we learn about Peter? (no more than 11 words)
小题4: What do you need to do if you want to start your business on eBay? (no more than 14 words)
Canadian Classics Professor Margaret Visser points out that the perception that we have “no time” is one of the most strict concepts of Western culture. Visser says that “no time” is used as an excuse and also as a spur(刺激); it both stimulates us and forces us, just as a concept such as ‘honour’ did for the ancient Greeks. According to Visser, the feeling that Westerners have “no time” is abstract, quantitative, amoral(非道德性的), unarguable, bringing pressure on each person as an individual. At the same time, the “no time” excuse escapes censure by claiming to be a condition created entirely out of our good fortune.
Life offers “so many pleasures, so many choices”.
The fact that women now work outside the home has contributed to the “no time” trend. But more important, Visser says, is the fact that feeling rushed has become an important component(成分) of our economy. Marketing of “time-saving” products causes people to buy more and work longer. So we eat out or buy prepared food to save time. The fax-it-to-my-car technology only contributes to the constant hurry. In our rushed and exhausted state, even the obligation(义务) to sit down to casual meal with family seems like a pressure. In comparison with the decision to act on a sudden whimz (一时的兴致) to consume a microwave mug of soup, the act of eating together and not getting up from the table until everyone else has finished seems an incredibly time-consuming event. Being in one’s own personal hurry in the West is somehow “free and preferable”
小题1:The word “censure” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”
A.examination | B.force | C.blame | D.pressure |
A.Marketing of time-saving products. |
B.The fax-it-to-me-car technology. |
C.Eating together and not getting up until everybody has finished |
D.Longer working hours. |
A.brings pressure on the individual |
B.is very desirable to the individual |
C.is not harmful if you have no control of events |
D.has caused heart diseases and psychological problems |
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