题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
A study by the center found that more than 90 percent of women who off-ramp want to on-ramp back into the work force eventually．But making the transition back to work is rarely easy，and it is even harder in this economic climate of layoffs and hiring freezes.
Considering some of the obstacles faced by on- rampers , a three-day program called “Greater Returns：Restarting Your Career” was held at Columbia University. The goal of the three days was to have them walk away with a big shot of confidence.
According to one school of thought, women looking to make a comeback might even have an advantage in the current economy，especially if they are looking for part-time or consultant positions that do not offer benefits. And a majority of on-rampers are women with extensive working experiences that could give them a slight advantage over less-experienced competition．
“You absolutely cannot be defensive about why you off-ramped,” Ms Hoffman says, “ defensive” would have put her into a hard situation if the Greater Returns program had had not taught her how to describe the years she spent at home．“I now feel confident talking to an employer and saying，‘ Yes，I have been out of the work force，but here is where I can make significant contributions.’”
小题1:What is the best title for the passage?
| A．Off ramp：it is common |
| B．On ramp：it is easy |
| C．Off ramp or on ramp：it depends on confidence |
| D．Off ramp to on ramp：it can be a hard Journey |
| A．is intended to relieve the pressure of the jobless women |
| B．has all the jobless women restart their career |
| C．will build up the confidence of those in search of jobs |
| D．is to last a11 the year around for the jobless women |
| A．they have to suffer the sexual discrimination |
| B．they have to parent their children |
| C．they reach a crossroad of career |
| D．they have great work pressure |
| A．she didn’t get advice from the Greater Returns program |
| B．she was defensive about her off-ramping |
| C．she didn’t get the job because she lied about her experience |
| D．she is off ramp partly due to her straightforward manner |
| A．Regular workers. | B．Casual workers. |
| C．Company managers. | D．Bank clerks. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:B
解析
试题分析：本题主要讲述的是那些因为要照顾孩子而放弃工作的女性要想重新工作所面临的困难。并介绍了一个能够帮助她们找回自信的program“the Greater Returns”。
小题1:D 主旨大意题。本题主要讲述的是那些因为要照顾孩子而放弃工作的女性要想重新工作所面临的困难，第二段最后两行making the transition back to work is rarely easy，and it is even harder in this economic climate of layoffs and hiring freezes.说明这样的做法现在是更加困难，故D项符合。
小题2:C 细节题。根据第3段最后一句The goal of the three days was to have them walk away with a big shot of confidence.说明这个计划可以让参加的人非常有信心，故C项正确。
小题3:B 细节题。根据第一段最后一句Typically it occurs when the balancing act of parenting and work becomes too tough．说明这些女性放弃工作的原因是他们要照顾孩子，故B项正确。
小题4:D 推理题。根据最后一段前3行“You absolutely cannot be defensive about why you off-ramped,” Ms Hoffman says, “ defensive” would have put her into a hard situation if the Greater Returns program had had not taught her how to describe the years she spent at home．说明她以前非常defensive,他的做事方式很直接。通过the Greater Returns她才取得突破。故D项正确。
小题5:B 推理题。根据文章倒数第二段最后2行And a majority of on-rampers are women with extensive working experiences that could give them a slight advantage over less-experienced competition．说明适合他们的是那些竞争不是很激烈的工作,故B项正确。
点评：本文针对的是那些因为要照顾孩子放弃工作，后来又希望重新回到工作岗位的女性。本文对考生的推理能力要求较高，测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
核心考点
试题【Hoffman，40，a former senior vice president of a financial company，had what she de】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Because she only had enough time to take one class at a time, it took her seven years to complete the courses her boss asked her to take on. She received the promotion as her boss promised and wasn’t planning to continue a degree. But a request from her father, who was dying of cancer, made her think twice. He said to her, “Kathy, why don’t you just keep going and get your degree?”
Before he passed away, he made her promise that she would finish it. And he made her a promise in turn. Vitzthum’s parents had agreed to give each of their children a valuable gift when they graduated from college, and Vitzthum was obsessed with an antique she’d come across and knew that she couldn’t afford. After she promised to graduate from college, her parents bought her the antique. Her father told her, “I’m not going to be around when you graduate, so I’ll give this to you now. But it doesn’t _________ until you graduate from college.”
Since then, Vitzthum has looked at that antique every day and remembered the promise she had made to her father. Despite a hectic life as a wife, mother and full-time employee, she’s taken one course every semester for the last 19 years. And finally, at the age of 48, she graduated with a bachelor’s degree in accounting --- and she was excited to accept full ownership (所有权) of the antique that she’d borrowed for more than a decade.
小题1:What had contributed to Kathy’s studying the accounting program at Iowa State University?
___________________________________________________________________
小题2:Why did it take Kathy seven years to finish the accounting program?(no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________
小题3:What did Kathy’s father make her promise to do before he died?(no more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________
小题4:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
___________________________________________________________________
小题5:What does the passage mainly talk about?(no more than 12 words)
___________________________________________________________________
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria announced on Monday that it will withhold $95 million from the $270 million in grants(补助金) it had planned to give China. That decision came as the result of months of discussion between the charity and Chinese officials.
On the mainland, a large number of programs meant to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS have received money from the Global Fund. Many observers now fear that the announced cut will undermine those organizations" work.
Chen Zhu, the minister of health, said officials have found a way to limit the harm. “In the coming five years, the Chinese government will constantly increase its financial support of social organizations, particularly those that work to control and prevent HIV/AIDS.” Chen said while addressing the 6th Experience Exchange Conference of International Cooperation Program on HIV/AIDS in China on Monday.
In a recent survey of more than 200 organizations taking part in the fight against HIV/AIDS on the mainland, nearly 80 percent of them said they had received grants from the Global Fund. About 83 percent of them said they will find it difficult to continue operating without financial support from abroad, it said. Official statistics showed the Global Fund has given China $548 million in grants since 2003.
Xia Jing, leader of a Beijing-based grassroots organization dedicated to controlling AIDS, said: “We were like children fostered by foreign milk. As foreign money began to be withdrawn from China, we were faced with serious financial hardships.” Han Mengjie, executive director of Global Fund China Programs, said the Chinese government has fully recognized the important role social organizations play in controlling diseases. “The work done and efforts made by such organizations must be sustained for a long time to supplement the government"s intervention work,”he said, “We have to face the truth that international money for AIDS control will gradually leave China and to prepare ourselves to deal with that.”
小题1:Which sentence is the closest to the title of the passage?
| A．China will have to fight against AIDS alone, though facing financial hardship. |
| B．Chinese organizations of fighting against AIDS and other diseases won’t receive money from international charity. |
| C．The fight against AIDS won’t be stopped by the withdraw of money from charity in China. |
| D．Chinese organizations of fighting against AIDS and other diseases will be reduced to despair. |
| A．Chinese government is expected to seek help from social organization to control diseases |
| B．Chinese government shouldn’t rely too much on social organizations |
| C．Social organizations’ work and efforts won’t make much difference to the fight against AID |
| D．We Chinese are well prepared for the international money’s withdraw from China |
| A．$818 | B．$548 | C．$ 270 | D．$723 |
| A．Many people are not optimistic about the control of AIDS. |
| B．Chinese government will take an active part in AIDS control. |
| C．International charity are treating China unfairly. |
| D．Most organization related with AIDS control had received money from the Global Fund before this announcement on Monday. |
In the ancient world the Olympic Games were held 47 four years of 1000 years. They were an important part of life. In the 48 Games we try to copy their 49 . The finest sportsmen in the world are collected in one place 50 at least the finest “amateurs（业余爱好者 ） ” are. An amateur is someone who does not earn 51 money from sport. It is often difficult to say who is an amateur and who is not. It is 52 that Olympic athletes do not earn large amounts of money like professional （职业的）sportsmen. But Olympic athletes are often students or teachers of a 53 . They have to 54 a lot of time training. Their governments pay for their training travel and pocket money, 55 they want them to win. Some people think this changes the Olympics. They feel that the Games are now a political marathon.
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There are two main reasons for people leaving their homes: poverty and less affordable houses due to bad economic conditions. Other reasons include: domestic violence, divorce, and mental illness. Living without a home makes people main targets of violence activities and besides, these homeless people have to face the following difficulties on a daily basis.
They have to move about, carrying their belongings, which makes it difficult for the charity and the government to help them. They have limited access to bathrooms and restrooms and are forced to live in dirty conditions, making them easy to be attacked by diseases. They have limited access to health-care facilities in case of emergency, and almost no access to education as they have no money. They are often ill-treated by society, which makes them unfriendly, often ending up being involved in activities connected with crime like selling drugs or guns.
Homelessness is not something that happened overnight --- it has been in the country for decades. The society usually believes those living on the street to be mentally unstable. This belief is partially true. Most of them are normal people just like you and me.
The federal government is doing all it can to help but it is not enough, so the ordinary citizens have to stand up and try to help whenever it’s possible. There are various organizations, such as charity organizations that are working constantly to make sure that homeless people find a shelter to live in. the united efforts have helped millions of people return to their normal lifestyle. However, there is still a long way to go before a better situation is created for all the homeless.
小题1:Homeless people suffer from all the following except __________.
| A．violent activities | B．disease attack | C．moving a lot | D．heavy work |
| A．having mental problems | B．a danger to society |
| C．physically disabled people | D．being too lazy to do anything |
① the government ② homeless people ③ charity organizations ④ the ordinary citizens
| A．①②③ | B．①③④ | C．①②④ | D．②③④ |
| A．Most homeless people died of hunger and cold. |
| B．The homeless should work hard to change their own situation. |
| C．The homeless problem is a serious problem that need solving effectively. |
| D．The homeless people have nothing to take when they move about. |
The Wealthy Society is a modern classic because it helped describe a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty (贫穷) was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the fear of another Great Depression gave way to an economic growth. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.
To Galbraith, materialism (物质主义) had gone mad and would cause discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would be unsatisfying. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people wrongly considered government only as “a necessary bad.”
It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich — overpaid chief managers, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, people feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants — for bigger homes, more health care, more education, and faster Internet connections.
The other great disappointment is that it has not got rid of insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As company unemployment increased, that part has gradually become weaker. More workers fear they’ve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.
Because so much previous suffering and social conflict resulted from poverty, the arrival of widespread wealth suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, wealth succeeds. There is much less physical suffering than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, wealth also creates new complaints.
Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the search for growth cause new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Wealth sets free the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-accomplishment. But the promise is so unreasonable that it leads to many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown. Figures indicate that happiness has not risen with incomes.
Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply confirmed an old truth: the seeking of wealth does not always end with happiness.
小题1:The Wealthy Society is a book ________.
| A．about poverty in the past |
| B．written by Louis Uchitelle |
| C．indicating that people are becoming worse off |
| D．about why happiness does not rise with wealth |
| A．materialism has run wild in modern society |
| B．they are in fear of another Great Depression |
| C．public spending hasn’t been cut down as expected |
| D．the government has proved to be necessary but ugly |
| A．They think there are too many overpaid rich. |
| B．There is more unemployment in modern society. |
| C．Their material demands go faster than their earnings. |
| D．Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control. |
| A．People with a stable job. |
| B．Workers who no longer have secure jobs. |
| C．Those who see job stability as part of their living standard. |
| D．People who have a sense of security because of their rising incomes. |
| A．Stability and security. |
| B．Materialism and content. |
| C．A sense of self-accomplishment. |
| D．New anxiety, conflicts and complaints. |
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