题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Why are America’s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation (孤独) brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.
Given that we can’t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation to cope.
At the top of the list,nurturing (培育) is a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.
To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later.They will then have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.
Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It’s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.
Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you deal with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable,but it doesn’t have to ruin your life.
小题1:What does the author thinks of the conclusion that people in America are unhappier than 50 years ago?
| A．Surprising | B．Confusing | C．Illogical | D．Questionable |
| A．It’s impossible to slow down the pace of the change. |
| B．The social reality children are facing cannot be changed. |
| C．Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten. |
| D．It’s impossible to forget the past. |
| A．were less isolated physically |
| B．were probably less self-centered |
| C．probably suffered less from anxiety |
| D．were considered less individualistic |
| A．To provide them with a safer environment. |
| B．To lower their expectations for them. |
| C．To get them more involved socially. |
| D．To set a good model for them to follow. |
| A．Anxiety, though always unavoidable, can be coped with. |
| B．Children’s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated(夸大). |
| C．Children’s anxiety can be removed with more parental care. |
| D．Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:C
小题5:C
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了今天的孩子在精神上要比50年前的孩子紧张得多，其原因是：一是高离婚率和很少参加社会活动使孩子们感到孤独;二是因为孩子们认为这个世界越来越危险。作者指出指出虽然我们不能改变现实,但可以想办法帮助孩子们脱离困境.，其方法是：首先是让孩子们认识到个人主义的局限性;帮助他们建立良好的人际关系;减少暴力对他们的不良影响;对孩子的期望值要合理;带领孩子积极锻炼身体。
小题1:细节理解题。根据I usually doubt about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago.While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically.可知,作者对于这一类研究结论的态度是"skeptical(对……持怀疑态度的,不相信的)".因此,正确答案为选项D。
小题2:句意理解题。根据作者说"我们不能倒拨时钟"这句话是什么含义?可以推知孩子面临的社会现实无法改变，故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.(实际上,有分析表明,今天9-17岁的正常儿童精神上比50年前精神上有病的儿童还要紧张.)，故选C。
小题4:细节理解题。根据At the top of the list is nurturing ( 培育 ) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.(首先是让孩子们认识到个人主义的局限性，任何一个孩子都不是一座孤岛，加强社会联系能帮助他们更多地参与社会活动,使他们免受精神紧张的压力.)"故选C。
小题5:推理判断题。根据Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn"t have to ruin your life.(有时精神上紧张和焦虑是难免的,但它不至于毁掉你的生活.)，可推出父母的关怀可以去掉除儿童的焦虑。故选C。
点评：句意题考查考生通过上下文猜测词句意思的能力，这类题型不仅考查考生词汇量的多少，而且考查考生把握篇章逻辑衔接的能力；句意题，顾名思义，考查考生对句子含义的把握。该题型常涉及对谚语、俗语以及对难句的正确理解。（1）以重述为线索猜测词义。
有时作者在讲述某个概念或某一事情时,为了讲得更清楚,可能采取另一种方式重述一下前面的内容。重述往往使用比前面一种表达更为简单易懂的词句，也就为较难的句子提供了猜测的线索。表重述的常用短语有：in other words, to put it another way, that is to say, that is, i.e., to be precise等。（2）以前后文提供的解释或说明为线索。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时,先是一般地或概括性地说一下,然后再具体说明或解释；或者反过来，先具体阐述，然后再进行归纳、总结。如果能抓住作者的思路，就能从那些具体说明、解释或归纳中找出猜测的线索来。
核心考点
试题【I usually doubt about any research that concludes that people are either happier】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
In North America, “cottaging（去乡间别墅度周末）” really began during the 19th century. At that time, crowds of people were moving from family farms to cities. Naturally, these people often felt a longing for the natural beauty of the countryside. Frequently located near lakes, in the mountains of woods, cottages provided a perfect solution.
Traditionally small and rustic (乡下风格的)，many cottages were once simple log（原木） homes without bathrooms, water or electricity. While in most cases that is no longer true, people still go to cottages in large numbers to escape the city and to enjoy “cottage life.”
Despite the peaceful setting, there is always plenty to do at a cottage. If you enjoy outdoor activities, try hunting, boating or hiking. Many cottages are located near a lake, so you have opportunities to go swimming, boating or sunbathing around. Enjoy a picnic with your family, or build a campfire to roast hot dogs. On rainy days, curl up(蜷曲) on a comfortable chair inside and read, or enjoy board games （棋类游戏） with your friends and relatives. Want to get out and explore? Take a tour of the lake in a motorboat, or visit one of the many small villages located nearby.
Many families rent cottages instead of owning them, but for those who do, there’s always work to be done. Wood must be chopped for the stove. Leaves need to be gathered and gardens taken care of. Since many cottages are old buildings, there’s usually something that needs to be fixed or painted.
The story of cottages is one of families, traditions and memories. Are you ready to try cottaging with your family?
小题1:The underlined word “longing” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_________ ”.
| A．horror | B．need | C．disappointment | D．excitement |
| A．It is far from lakes. |
| B．It is not popular now. |
| C．It was probably built of wood. |
| D．It was built in a short time. |
| A．Sunbathing and swimming. |
| B．Hunting, hiking and boating, |
| C．Having a picnic and roasting hot dogs. |
| D．Playing football and watching games on TV. |
| A．Critical. | B．Doubtful. | C．Positive. | D．Bored. |
His actions in this scene are very British. If Roberts’ character were from Britain then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well—even if the crash were not her fault. But this doesn’t happen in the film, as Roberts is from the US.
A report in The Telegraph last week said that three-quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street — regardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, we Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if we mishear someone, we say “Sorry?” The person we are talking to will also apologize by replying: “No, I am sorry!” This can go on for up to five minutes as we compete over who is the most sorry.
Life is never as simple as “duibuqi” and “meiguanxi”.
How we use “sorry” has changed. Traditionally, “sorry” was used to express deep regret, but a survey in 2007 showed that we use it to mean anything from “what” to “whatever”.
Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrell, a psychology writer in the UK, thinks about our apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system. We say sorry because historically the new middle classes in Britain had to apologize for not being working class, but also for not really being upper class. Another theory is that we apologize to avoid confrontation(冲突). For example, if you bump into someone they might get angry. To avoid this we instantly say “Sorry!”.
True manners are about being considerate and the modern day obsession with apologizing show that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were. The word has lost some of its meaning. Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing…
小题1:What can we infer from paragraph 2?
| A．In fact Roberts are responsible for the collision. |
| B．People from the US say “sorry” more than British people. |
| C．There is no crash happening in the film. |
| D．British people say sorry even if it is not their fault. |
| A．British people are sincere while saying sorry. |
| B．Now more British people say sorry because of the British class system. |
| C．British people say sorry to avoid quarrels. |
| D．British people apologize for not working hard. |
| A．British people overuse “sorry” in daily life. |
| B．British people now say “sorry” in different situations. |
| C．Middle classes in British are to blame for not being working class. |
| D．Britons say “sorry” to avoid confrontation. |
| A．quarrel | B．disagreement | C．crash | D．fight |
“Compared with the late 70s,” she says, “now college students have many doors.” I was shocked when she first told me how she had had no choice in her major. Look at us today! So many doors are open to us! I believe there have never been such abundant opportunities for self-development as we have today. And my aunt told me that we should reach our goals by grasping all these opportunities.
The first door is the opportunity to study different subjects that interest us. My aunt was happy to study management, but she could also attend lectures on ancient Chinese poetry and on Shakespearean drama. As for myself, I am an English major, but I may also go to lectures on history.
The second door is the door to the outside world. Learning goes beyond classrooms and national boundaries. I have many fellow international classmates, and I am applying to an exchange program with a university abroad. As for my aunt, she is planning to get an MBA degree in the U.K.
The third door is the door to life-long learning. Many of my aunt’s contemporaries say she’s amazingly up-to-date for a middle-aged woman. She simply responds, “Age doesn’t matter. What matters is your attitude. I don’t think I’m too old to learn.” Yes, she is right. Since the government removed the age limit for college admissions, there are already some untraditional students, sitting with us in the same classrooms. Like them, my aunt is old but young in spirit with incredible energy and determination.
The doors open to us also pose challenges. For instance, we are faced with the challenge of a balanced learning, the challenge of preserving our fine tradition while learning from the West, and the challenge of learning continuously while carrying heavy responsibilities to our work and family. So, each door is a test of our courage, ability and judgment, but with the support of my teachers, parents, friends and my aunt, I believe I can meet the challenge head on.
小题1:Which of the following words can best replace the “door” in the passage?
| A．challenge | B．knowledge | C．learning | D．opportunity |
| A．Having a chance to visit the writer |
| B．Having lots of choices in subjects |
| C．Getting the highest score in her exam |
| D．Getting admission to a university |
| A．No pains, no gains. |
| B．Failure is the mother of success. |
| C．One is never too old to learn. |
| D．Rome isn’t built in a day. |
| A．fashionable | B．traditional | C．energetic | D．determined |
Some people may be greedy, and others are simply too lazy to bother(打搅) with the trip to the post office to send back a wallet to a stranger. But according to a psychology study by Dr. Richard Wiseman, there’s one thing that’ll greatly increase your odds of being reunited with a lost wallet: a photograph of a cute baby.
In the study, hundreds of wallets were scattered(分散) around the streets of Edinburgh, Scotland. The psychologists wanted to see how many strangers would take the trouble to return them to the addresses listed on the drivers’ licenses inside—but more than that, they wanted to find out what would make a person more likely to help out a stranger.
To finish this, they included personal things in most of the wallets: some included a photo of a happy elderly couple, some contained a cute puppy, some contained a family portrait, and some held a photo of a lovely baby. Others had receipts(发票) showing that the wallet’s owner had recently donated to a charity（慈善）. Some contained no personal details.
As the psychologists soon discovered, the sight of a smiling baby is enough to warm nearly any heart: only one in ten of the strangers who retrieved such wallets did not return them. In contrast, the second most successful image, the puppy, had a 53% return rate. When the wallet included no photograph, it stood only a one in seven chance of being returned to the owner.
The success of the baby photograph shows a human compassion(同情) for the young that’s been passed down through the ages, according to Dr. Wiseman. “The baby kicked off a caring feeling in people, which is not surprising from an evolutionary perspective(进化的角度),” he told the Times.
To ensure our species’ survival, scientists think that we must feel empathy and compassion for our young. Scientists say that this study supports the argument that we won’t feel compassion only for our own babies, but for any that we see—hence, the strong desire a stranger would feel to return a wallet to the baby’s parent.
On a more basic level, the study also provides a great tip to help ensure that if your wallet is ever lost, you’re more likely to get it back. “If you want to increase the chances of your wallet being returned if lost, gain a photograph of the cutest baby you can find and ensure that it is clearly displayed,” said Dr. Wiseman.
小题1:The main purpose of the psychologists’ leaving hundreds of wallets around was to find out________.
| A．whether people were as honest as before |
| B．what made people willing to help strangers |
| C．what kind of feelings could be caused by a smiling baby |
| D．how evolution influenced human beings |
| A．picked up | B．spread out | C．found out | D．looked for |
| A．Because the wallet was not attractive enough to keep. |
| B．Because the sight of a baby could cause a caring feeling in them. |
| C．Because they were curious to know the parents of the baby |
| D．Because the sight of a cute baby reminded them of their own children. |
| A．Only 3. | B．About 15. | C．20 or so. | D．About 27. |
| A．humans usually have compassion for the young |
| B．the caring feeling in people is gone during evolution |
| C．scientists believed that people only feel compassion for their own babies |
| D．a wallet with a cute baby’s picture in it cannot be lost |
One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 “Toubon law” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.
The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.
小题1:Neville Alexander believes that .
| A．mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries |
| B．lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure |
| C．globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trends |
| D．globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa |
| A．useless | B．practical | C．workable | D．unnecessary |
| A．They think language protection laws are ineffective. |
| B．They want their language to spread to other countries. |
| C．They have a long history of taking words from other languages. |
| D．It reduces a language’s ability to acquire international importance. |
| A．English has taken over fields like public communication and education. |
| B．Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages. |
| C．Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language. |
| D．Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English. |
| A．Fighting against the rule of English |
| B．Globalization and multi-language trends |
| C．Protecting local languages and identities |
| D．To maintain the purity of language by law |
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